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Kaulong language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Austronesian language spoken in Papua New Guinea

Kaulong
Pasismanua
Region	parts ofWest New Britain Province,Papua New Guinea
Native speakers	(4,000 cited 2000)^[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea Ngero–Vitiaz Southwest New Britain Arawe–Pasismanua Pasismanua Kaulong
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`pss`
Glottolog	`kaul1240`

Kaulong, also known asPasismanua, is anAustronesian language spoken by about 4,000swidden farmers of the southwest hinterlands of Kandrian District,West New Britain Province,Papua New Guinea on the island ofNew Britain.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants^[2]
	Labial	Alveolar	Dorsal
Plosive	p	t	k
Prenasalized	ᵐb⟨b⟩,⟨mb⟩	ⁿd⟨d⟩,⟨nd⟩	ᵑɡ⟨g⟩,⟨ngg⟩
Fricative	β⟨w⟩	s	h
Nasal	m	n	ŋ⟨ng⟩
Approximant		r,l

The prenasalised stops /ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ/ are oral [b d g] word-initially.
/β/ has the allophone /w/ when preceding back vowels.
/t/ often appears as a tap [ɾ] when between vowels in rapid speech.

Vowels
	Front	Central	Back
High	iiː		uuː
Mid	eeː		ooː
Low		aaː

Additionally, Kaulong has the following diphthongs: /ei/, /ai/, /oi/, /ae/, /au/, /io/, /iu/, /ua/, /ue/, /ui/, /uo/.

References

[edit]

^Kaulong atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
^Throop, Craig (1992).Kaulong Organised Phonology Data. SIL International.

Ngero	Bariai Gitua Kove Lusi Malalamai Mutu
Bel	Awad Bing Bilibil Gedaged Marik Matukar Mindiri Takia Wab
Bibling	Lamogai Mouk-Aria
Pasismanua	Aigon Karore Kaulong Miu Sengseng
Arawe	Aiklep Akolet Apalik Avau Bebeli Gimi Lesing-Gelimi Mangseng Solong
Mengen	Lote Mamusi Mengen
Korap	Arop-Lukep Karnai Malasanga Mur Pano
Roinji–Nenaya	Mato Ronji
Others	Amara Maleu Mbula Sio Tami

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages

SHWNG

Halmahera Sea

Ambel–Biga	Ambel Biga
Maya–Matbat	Ma'ya Matbat
Maden	Maden Fiawat
As	As
South Halmahera	Gane Taba Buli Maba Patani Sawai Gebe

Cenderawasih

Biakic	Biak Dusner Meoswar Roon
Yapen	Ambai Ansus Marau Wandamen Wooi Munggui Papuma Pom Serui-Laut Kurudu Wabo
Southwest	Yaur Yerisiam Umar

Oceanic

Admiralty

Yapese ?
Eastern	Manus Baluan-Pam Lenkau Lou Nauna Penchal
Western	Northern Kaniet Southern Kaniet Seimat Wuvulu Aua

Saint Matthias

Temotu

Utupua	Amba Asumboa Tanimbili
Vanikoro	Teanu Lovono Tanema
Reefs–Santa Cruz	Äiwoo Engdewu / Nanggu Natügu / Santa Cruz Nalögo Noipx

Southeast
Solomonic

Gela–Guadalcanal	Bugotu Gela Lengo Birao Ghari Malango Talise
Malaita– San Cristobal	Longgu Saʼa Arosi Fagani Bauro Kahua Owa Marau Wawa ? † Toʼabaita Baelelea Baeggu Fataleka Lau Kwara'ae Wala Gula'alaa Kwaio Dori'o ꞋAreꞌare Oroha

Western
Oceanic

Meso–Melanesian

Kimbe

New Ireland–
Northwest
Solomonic

Tungag–Nalik	Kara Laxudumau Nalik Tiang Tigak Tungag
Tabar	Lihir Madara Notsi
Madak	Barok Lavatbura–Lamusong Madak
St. George	Bilur Fanamaket Kandas Konomala Label Lungalunga Niwer Mil Patpatar Ramoaaina Siar Sursurunga Tolai Warwar Feni
Northwest Solomonic	Hahon Hakö Halia Nehan Papapana Petats Saposa Solos Teop Tinputz Bannoni Piva Mono-Alu Torau Uruava Babatana Ririo Varisi Vaghua Ghanongga Hoava Kusaghe Lungga Marovo Nduke Roviana Simbo Ughele Vangunu Blablanga Cheke Holo Gao Kokota Laghu Zabana Zazao
Tomoip

North New Guinea

Sarmi– Jayapura ?	Anus Bonggo Kayupulau Liki Masimasi Ormu Podena Kaptiau Sobei Tarpia Tobati Wakde Yamna
Schouten	Arop-Sissano Sera Sissano Ulau-Suain Tumleo Yakamul Kaiep Kairiru Terebu Biem Kis Manam Medebur Sepa Wogeo
Huon Gulf	Bukawa Kela Yabem Aribwatsa † Aribwaung Adzera Dangal Duwet Labu Maralango Mari Musom Nafi Silisili Wampar Wampur Hote Iwal Kapin Kumalu Mangga Buang Mapos Buang Mumeng Piu Vehes Yamap Numbami
Ngero–Vitiaz	Bariai Gitua Kove Lusi Malalamai Mutu Awad Bing Bilibil Gedaged Marik Matukar Mindiri Takia Wab Lamogai Mouk-Aria Aigon Karore Kaulong Miu Sengseng Aiklep Akolet Apalik Avau Bebeli Gimi Lesing-Gelimi Mangseng Solong Lote Mamusi Mengen Arop-Lukep Karnai Malasanga Mur Pano Mato Ronji Amara Maleu Mbula Sio Tami

Papuan Tip

Nuclear	'Auhelawa Buhutu Bwanabwana Oya'oya Saliba Suau Unubahe Wagawaga Bwaidoka Diodio Iamalele Iduna Koluwawa Maiadomu Bunama Boselewa Dobu Duau Galeya Molima Mwatebu Sewa Bay Dawawa Kakabai Are Arifama-Miniafia Doga Gapapaiwa Ghayavi Kaninuwa Ubir Gweda Haigwai Maiwala Minaveha Taupota Tawala Yakaikeke Anuki Gumawana
Kilivila–Misima	Budibud Kilivila Misima Muyuw
Nimoa–Sudest	Nimoa Sudest

Southern
Oceanic

North Vanuatu

Torres–Banks	Hiw Lo-Toga Lehali Löyöp Mwotlap Volow Lemerig Vera’a Vurës Mwesen Mota Nume Dorig Koro Olrat Lakon Mwerlap
Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost	Sun̄wadia Sun̄wadaga Baetora Duidui Northeast Ambae Raga
South Pentecost	Ske Apma Sa
Espiritu Santo	Cape Cumberland Nokuku Tolomako Wusi Akei Tasiriki Tangoa Araki Tiale Merei Kiai M̈av̈ea Tutuba Aore Tamambo Mores Shark Bay Sakao

Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic

Central Vanuatu

South Vanuatu

Erromango	Sie / Erromangan Sorung † Ifo (Utaha) † Ura
Tanna	Kwamera (South Tanna) Southwest Tanna Lenakel (West Tanna) Whitesands (East Tanna) North Tanna
Aneityum

Loyalties–
New Caledonia

Loyalty Islands

New Caledonian

Southern	Ndrumbea Numèè Xârâcùù Xârâgurè Tîrî Zire † Ajië Arhö Arhâ Neku Orowe
Northern	Vamale Haveke Haeke Cèmuhî Paicî Pwaamei Pwapwa Bwatoo Hmwaveke Waamwang Fwâi Jawe Nemi Pije Caac Kumak Yuanga Nyâlayu

Micronesian

Nauruan

Nuclear
Micronesian

Chuukic–
Pohnpeic

Chuukic	Sonsorol Tobian Chuukese Woleaian Ulithian Puluwatese Namonuito Tanapag Carolinian Satawalese Mortlockese Pááfang Mapia †
Pohnpeic	Mokilese Pingelapese Pohnpeian Ngatikese

Central Pacific

West

East

Polynesian

Nuclear
Polynesian

Tuvaluan Sikaiana Ontong Java Nukumanu Takuu Nuguria Kapingamarangi Nukuoro Pukapukan
Samoic	Samoan Tokelauan Niuatoputapu †
Eastern	Hawaiian Marqeusan Mangareva Tahitian Austral Rapa Tuamotuan Cook Islands Māori Rakahanga-Manihiki Tongareva Māori Moriori † Rapa Nui
Futunic	Wallisian (East Uvean) West Uvean Futunan (East Futunan) Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan) Pukapukan Anuta Rennellese Tikopia Mele-Fila Emae

Tongic

* indicates proposed status
? indicates classification dispute
† indicatesextinct status

Languages of Papua New Guinea

Official languages

Major Indigenous
languages

Other Papuan
languages

Angan	Akoye Angaataha Ankave Hamtai Kamasa Kawacha Menya Safeyoka Simbari Susuami Tainae Yagwoia Yipma
Awin–Pa	Awin Pa
Binanderean	Baruga Binandere Ewage Korafe Orokaiva Suena Yekora Zia
Bosavi	Aimele Beami Edolo Kaluli Kasua Onobasulu Sonia
Chimbu–Wahgi	Chuave Dom Golin Kandawo Kaugel Kuman Maring Melpa Narak Nii Nomane Salt-Yui Sinasina Tembagla Wahgi
New Ireland	Bilur Fanamaket Kandas Konomala Kuanua Label Niwer Mil Patpatar Ramoaaina Siar Sursurunga Warwar Feni
Duna–Pogaya	Duna Pogaya
East Kutubuan	Fasu Fiwaga Foi
East Strickland	Fembe Gobasi Konai Kubo Odoodee Samo
Engan	Angal Bisorio Enga Huli Ipili Kewa Kyaka Lembena Samberigi
Eleman	Kaki Ae Keoru Opao Orokolo Toaripi Tairuma
Ok–Oksapmin	Bimin Faiwol Mian Ngalum Ninggerum Oksapmin Setaman Suganga Telefol Tifal Urap Yonggom
Teberan	Dadibi Folopa
Tirio	Abom Baramu Bitur Tirio Were
Turama–Kikorian	Ikobi Omati Rumu
Larger families	Finisterre–Huon Kainantu–Goroka Madang Ramu–Lower Sepik Sepik Southeast Papuan Torricelli

Sign languages

Authority control databases: National	Israel

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