Kastamonu, formerlyKastamone/Castamone (Greek:Κασταμονή) andKastamon/Castamon (Greek:Κασταμών),[2] is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat ofKastamonu Province andKastamonu District.[3] Its population is 125,622 (2021).[1] The city lies at an elevation of 904 m (2,966 ft). It is located in the southern part of the province.
Governor's historical officeKastamonu old Ottoman housesKastamonu Republic MonumentKastamonu University
There are many ideas about the derivation of the name Kastamonu:
According to the first view, it should be considered that the name Kastamonu is Turkishized from the namePaphlagonía [Greek "land of Paphlagon (people)"]. The region covering theWest Black Sea and Central Black Sea regions was called Paphlagonia before theTurks. Today, Kastamonu,Sinop,Bartın,Çankırı andKarabük are located in this region, while parts ofÇorum,Bolu,Zonguldak andSamsun provinces remain within the region. The Paphlagonians, who dominated this region in 1000 BC, gave their name to this geography.[4]
According to a second opinion, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the name Kastama, which was used for the same region in theHittite period. The name Kastama turned into Kastamonu over time.[5]
According to another view, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the combination of the words Gas and Tumanna. Gas, or better known as Kashkas, are among the first settlers of Kastamonu. Tumanna is the name of a city/region located on Kastamonu at that time. The combination of these two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.[6]
According to a third opinion, the city of Kastamonu took its name from the combination of the words Kastra and Komnen. Kastra is derived from the Latin word for "castle" and Komnen refers to theKomnenos Dynasty of emperors, the settlers of this region during the Byzantine period. These two words took the form of Kastamonu over time.[7]
Ibn Battuta visited the city, noting it as "one of the largest and finest cities, where commodities are abundant and prices low." He stayed here forty days.[8]
The Dress Code Revolution under PresidentMustafa Kemal Pasha (later known as Atatürk) was started on August 23, 1925, at Kastamonu. He made his historical speech concerning the "Hat and Dress Revolution" during his visit to Kastamonu in 1925 in theRepublican People's Party building.[11] The building is now used as the Archeological Museum of Kastamonu. The possessions used by Atatürk in his Kastamonu visit are also exhibited in the museum.
Typical country fare in Kastamonu includes a quickrose petal jam made with sugared water, citric acid andgül mayası – the latter is a preparation of culinary-grade rose petals with sugar and citric acid that preserves them and brings out their flavor and fragrance. Homemade hot sauce is made by simmering grated tomato, garlic, Turkish red pepper, hot peppers, sunflower oil, salt and pepper on the stove. Sweetkatmer is made by preparing a simpleunleavened dough of flour, salt and water that is smeared with atahini and sunflower oil mixture as it is folded.[12]
Breakfast might include farm made cheese,olives,pekmez, fried potatoes, rose jam homemade hot sauce, eggs served hot in the pan (calledsahanda yumurta), folded unleavened bread calledkatmer, fresh farm milk andblack tea.[12]
A speciality ofTaşköprü, Kastamonu is freshly slaughtered whole lamb slow-cooked over the glowing embers of wood in a sealed, airtight "well" — this regional specialty is calledkuyu kebabı inTurkish. A little water added to a tray ensures that steam keeps the meat moist throughout the cooking process.[12]
Produces around 200 tons of pastırma each year, çemen is made using garlic that is locally produced by the farming villages of Taşköprü.[13]
Kastamonu is home toKastamonu University, which was established in 2006 by incorporating existing colleges, schools, and institutes that were previously underAnkara University andGazi University. Notable high schools in Kastamonu are:Abdurrahman Paşa Lisesi, also known as Kastamonu Lisesi, the first modern high school that was established inAnatolia in lateOttoman Empire. Kastamonu Mustafa Kaya Lisesi, an Anatolian high school, one of the most successful high schools in Turkey outsideIstanbul,Ankara andİzmir.
The town consists of 20 quarters:Kuzeykent, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Yavuz Selim,Budamış, Akmescit, Aktekke, Atabeygazi, Beyçelebi, Cebrail, Hepkebirler, Hisarardı, Honsalar, Inönü, Isfendiyar, Ismailbey, Kırkçeşme, Saraçlar, Topçuoğlu, Esentepe and Candaroğulları.[15]
Kastamonu has ahumid continental climate (Köppen:Dfb,Trewartha: Dc) with cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with a noticeable increase during spring.
Climate data for Kastamonu (1991–2020, extremes 1930–present)
The main bus station has bus links to most major Turkish cities.Kastamonu Airport is active. Kastamonu is also the main railroad endpoint for theWest Black Sea region.
Boğaç A. Ergene:Local Court, Provincial Society and Justice in the Ottoman Empire, Legal Practice and Dispute Resolution in Çankırı and Kastamonu (1652–1744). Studies in Islamic Law and Society, volume 17,Brill, Leiden, 2003.ISBN90-04-12609-0.
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