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Kashgar Prefecture

Coordinates:39°28′N75°59′E / 39.47°N 75.99°E /39.47; 75.99
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prefecture of Xinjiang, China
Prefecture in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
Kashgar Prefecture
Kashi Prefecture
Id Kah Mosque
Kashgar Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Kashgar Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceXinjiang
Prefecture seatKashgar[1]
County-level divisions1county-level city,
11counties[1]
Area
 • Prefecture
112,057 km2 (43,265 sq mi)
 • Urban
555 km2 (214 sq mi)
 • Metro
555 km2 (214 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)
 • Prefecture
4,496,400
 • Density40.126/km2 (103.93/sq mi)
 • Urban
400,225
 • Urban density721/km2 (1,870/sq mi)
 • Metro
400,225
Ethnic groups
 • Major ethnic groupsUyghur,Han Chinese
GDP[2]
 • PrefectureCN¥ 136.9 billion
US$ 20.4 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 28,714
US$ 4,269
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
844000
ISO 3166 codeCN-XJ-31
License Plate新Q
WebsiteKashgar Prefecture Government
Kashgar Prefecture
Uyghur name
Uyghurقەشقەر ۋىلايىتى‎
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiQeshqer Wilayiti
Yengi YeziⱪⱩəxⱪər Vilayiti
SASM/GNCK̂äxk̂är Vilayiti
Siril YëziqiҚәшқәр Вилайити
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese喀什地区
Traditional Chinese喀什地區
Hanyu PinyinKāshí Dìqū
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinKāshí Dìqū
Bopomofoㄎㄚ   ㄕˊ   ㄉㄧˋ   ㄑㄩ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhKashyr Dihchiu
Wade–GilesKʻa1-shih2 Ti4-chʻü1
Tongyong PinyinKashíh Dìcyu
Yale RomanizationKāshŕ Dìchyū
MPS2Kāshŕ Dìchiū
IPA[kʰá.ʂɻ̩̌ tî.tɕʰý]
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese喀什噶尔地区
Traditional Chinese喀什噶爾地區
Hanyu PinyinPRC Standard Mandarin: Kāshígá'ěr Dìqū
ROC Standard Mandarin: Kàshígé'ěr Dìqū
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinPRC Standard Mandarin: Kāshígá'ěr Dìqū
ROC Standard Mandarin: Kàshígé'ěr Dìqū
BopomofoPRC:
ㄎㄚ   ㄕˊ   ㄍㄚˊ   ㄦˇ
ㄉㄧˋ   ㄑㄩ
ROC:
ㄎㄚˋ   ㄕˊ   ㄍㄜˊ   ㄦˇ
ㄉㄧˋ   ㄑㄩ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhPRC: Kashyrgar'eel Dihchiu
ROC: Kahshyrger'eel Dihchiu
Wade–GilesPRC:
Kʻa1-shih2-ka2-êrh3 Ti4-chʻü1
ROC:
Kʻa4-shih2-ko2-êrh3 Ti4-chʻü1
Tongyong PinyinPRC: Kashíhgá'ěr Dìcyu
ROC: Kàshíhgé'ěr Dìcyu
Yale RomanizationPRC: Kāshŕgáěr Dìchyū
ROC: Kàshŕgéěr Dìchyū
MPS2PRC: Kāshŕgáěr Dìchiū
ROC: Kàshŕgéěr Dìchiū
IPAPRC:[kʰá.ʂɻ̩̌.kǎ.àɚ tî.tɕʰý]
ROC:[kʰâ.ʂɻ̩̌.kɤ̌.àɚ tî.tɕʰý]
Kazakh name
Kazakh
قاشقار ايماعى
Қашқар аймағы
Qaşqar aimağy
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyz
قاشقار ايماعى
Кашкар аймагы
Qaşqar ajmağy
Uzbek name
Uzbek
قشقر ولايتى
Қашқар Вилояти
Qashqar viloyati

Kashgar Prefecture,[3][4][5][6] also known asKashi Prefecture,[7][8] is a prefecture located in southwesternXinjiang, China, located in theTarim Basin region (roughly the southern half of Xinjiang). It has an area of 112,057 km2 (43,265 sq mi) and 4,496,377 inhabitants at the 2020 census[9] with apopulation density of 35.5 inhabitants/km2. The capital of the prefecture is the city ofKashgar which has a population 506,640.[10]

Kashgar Prefecture borders theGorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region ofTajikistan,Badakhshan Province ofAfghanistan,Gilgit-Baltistan ofPakistan, andLadakh of India in the far south.

History

[edit]

Kashgar, formerly referred to as Shule, served as the capital of theShule Kingdom in the 2nd century B.C.,[11] inhabited by Indo-European tribes speaking AncientTocharian languages in theTarim Basin.[12] The earliest references to Shule emerged in the literature of the Han Dynasty. Shule served as the pivotal junction of theSilk Road in the northernTarim Basin, facilitating access to theDayuezhi [zh],Dayuan, andKangju in Central Asia, and acting as the nexus of east–west communication.[13] Circa 177 B.C., Shule faced oppression by the advancing Dayuezhi and was compelled to ally with the formidableXiongnu, becoming one of its 36 vassal states.[14]

After the Communist takeover of Kuomintang, Kashgar Prefecture (喀什專區) and Yarkant Prefecture (莎車專區) were established.

In 1902, amagnitude 7.7 earthquake struck the prefecture.[15] It caused extreme devastation, destroying 30,000 homes and killing as many as 10,000 people.[16]

In 1942, Xinjiang restructuredShache, Zephyr, andMaigaiti counties, amalgamating them withYecheng County in the Hotan district to establish the 10th administrative district of Xinjiang (Shache district), which encompasses Shache, Zephyr, Makgaiti, and Yecheng counties. In 1949, the Kashi subdistrict was established in Xinjiang, which was part of Xinjiang province.[17]

In 1955,Barin,Jamaterek andUjme, which were part ofYengisar County, became part ofAkto County andBulungkol was transferred to Akto County inKizilsu fromTashkurgan County in today's Kashgar Prefecture.[18] In June 1956, Yarkant Prefecture was dissolved and made part of Kashgar Prefecture.[19][20] On January 11, 1971, Kashgar Prefecture was designated as Kashgar Region.[21]

In January 1979, Kashgarzhuānqū Prefecture (喀什专区) became Kashgardìqū Prefecture (喀什地区).[19]

In August 1982, Kashgar Prefecture opened a frontier post to exchange goods with Pakistan.[5]: 223  Kashgar was recognized as a National Famous Historical and Cultural City of China in 1986.[22] In May 2010, the Central Xinjiang Work Conference formally sanctioned the creation of aSpecial Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kashgar, designating it as China's sixth SEZ,[23] which benefits from preferential policies in industry, taxation, finance, land, and foreign commerce.[24][25]

In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people inMaralbexi County andPayzawat County.[26]

Geography

[edit]

Most of the prefecture has acold desert climate.

The second-highest peak on Earth,K2, is located on theChina–Pakistan border in southern Kashgar Prefecture[27] in an area claimed by India as part of theTrans-Karakoram Tract.

Administrative divisions

[edit]

(Outdated map: On October 21, 2014, Aqqash Township (Akekashi) was transferred from Konaxahar (Shufu) County to Kashgar city.[28])
#NameUyghur (UEY)Uyghur Latin (ULY)Chinese (S)[1][19][29]Hanyu PinyinPopulation(2020 Census)Area (km2)Density (/km2)
1Kashgar (Kashi)قەشقەر شەھىرىQeshqer Shehiri喀什市Kāshí Shì782,6621,003780.32
2Shufu Countyكونا شەھەر ناھىيىسىKonasheher Nahiyisi疏附县Shūfù Xiàn263,014270997.09
3Shule County (Yengixahar County)يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيىسىYéngisheher Nahiyisi疏勒县Shūlè Xiàn355,5442,159164.68
4Yengisar Countyيېڭىسار ناھىيىسىYéngisar Nahiyisi英吉沙县Yīngjíshā Xiàn276,6413,42580.77
5Poskam County (Zepu County)پوسكام ناھىيىسىPoskam Nahiyisi泽普县Zépǔ Xiàn214,543988217.15
6Yarkant County (Shache County)يەكەن ناھىيىسىYeken Nahiyisi莎车县Shāchē Xiàn860,8008,95796,10
7Kargilik County (Yecheng County)قاغىلىق ناھىيىسىQaghiliq Nahiyisi叶城县Yèchéng Xiàn525,43628,55918.40
8Makit Countyمەكىت ناھىيىسىMekit Nahiyisi麦盖提县Màigàití Xiàn224,15410,88320.60
9Yopurga Countyيوپۇرغا ناھىيىسىYopurgha Nahiyisi岳普湖县Yuèpǔhú Xiàn162,6753,12852.01
10Payzawat County (Jiashi; Peyziwat)پەيزاۋات ناھىيىسىPeyzawat Nahiyisi伽师县Jiāshī Xiàn424,8216,52865.08
11Maralbexi County (Bachu County)مارالبېشى ناھىيىسىMaralbéshi Nahiyisi巴楚县Bāchǔ Xiàn366,14118,37719.92
12Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous Countyتاشقورغان تاجىك ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسىTashqorghan Tajik Aptonom Nahiyisi塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县Tǎshíkù'ěrgān Tǎjíkè Zìzhìxiàn39,94624,6821.62

Demographics

[edit]

As of the end of 2017, 4,295,200 of the 4,649,700 residents of the prefecture wereUyghur, 288,000 wereHan Chinese and 66,500 were from other ethnic groups.[30]

The population of Kashgar Prefecture was 4,499,158 according to the 2015 census. It has a population density of 35.5 inhabitants per km2.[31]

As of 2015, 4,140,255 of the 4,499,158 residents of the prefecture were Uyghur, 292,972 wereHan Chinese and 65,931 were from other ethnic groups.[32]

As of 1999, 89.37% of the population of Kashgar (Kasi) Prefecture was Uyghur and 9.1% of the population was Han Chinese.[33]

In 1997, the population of Kashgar Prefecture was 3,145,000 with Uyghurs making up 89.4% of the total.[19]

As of 1983–4, Kashgar Prefecture had 6,180mosques. In the mid-1980's, there were two million Uyghurs in Kashgar Prefecture and 360,000 Han Chinese.[5]: 224 

Population by ethnicity
Ethnicity2000[34]2010[35]2015[32]
Population%Population%Population%
Uyghur3,042,94289.32%3,606,77990.60%4,140,25592.02%
Han311,7709.15%318,2818.00%292,9726.51%
Tajik33,6110.99%40,1111.01%
Kyrgyz5,0780.15%5,5280.14%
Hui5,0460.15%4,8160.12%
Uzbek2,4960.07%2,0500.05%
Korean1,0780.03%1,4570.03%
Tujia8290.02%156<0.01%
Miao6490.02%
Mongol6340.02%234<0.01%
Tibetan5300.02%158<0.01%
Zhuang5210.02%234<0.01%
Kazakhs3060.01%
Others1,6070.05%6380.02%65,9311.47%
Total3,406,791100%3,980,778100%4,499,158100%

Economy

[edit]

In early 2010, theNational Development and Reform Commission released a Circular regarding the Progress of Western Development in 2009 and Work Arrangements for 2010, announcing the promotion ofDongxing in Guangxi,Ruili in Yunnan, the Kashgar region in Xinjiang, andManzhouli inInner Mongolia as Special Economic Zones (SEZs) along the borders in 2010.[36] A conference regarding Xinjiang's developments was held in Beijing in May 2010, coinciding with the establishment of the Kashgar Special Economic Zone, which pioneered reforms in resource taxation and fees in Xinjiang. The region's per capita GDP attained the national average within five years.[37][38]

Historical maps

[edit]

Historical English-language maps including modern-day Kashgar Prefecture area:

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
  2. ^From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
  3. ^From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc喀什概况 [Kashgar Overview] (in Chinese (China)). Kashgar Prefecture People's Government. 26 December 2018.Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved8 April 2020.喀什地区下辖1个市和11个县，即喀什市、疏附县、疏勒县、英吉沙县、岳普湖县、伽师县、莎车县、泽普县、叶城县、麦盖提县、巴楚县、塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县。喀什市是喀什地区行署所在地，
  2. ^"喀什地区2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报（2020" (in Chinese). 16 May 2023. Retrieved30 January 2024.
  3. ^"Vocational Education and Training in Xinjiang".State Council of the People's Republic of China (China Daily). 17 August 2019.Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved8 April 2020.For some time Xinjiang, especially Kashgar Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the south, where religious extremism has had a long and widespread presence, suffered badly from frequent acts of terrorism.
  4. ^Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010).建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese).Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – viaGoogle Books.Kashgar Region
  5. ^abcTiziano Terzani (1985).The Forbidden Door. Asia 2000 Ltd. p. 223,224.ISBN 978-962-7160-01-4 – viaInternet Archive.in August 1982, Kashgar Prefecture opened a frontier post to exchange goods with Pakistan;{...}In Kashgar Prefecture there are two million Uighurs. The Han number only 360,000, but they are the ones in command.
  6. ^"Kashgar Jinhuyang Cultural and Tourism Festival kicks off".Tianshannet. October 21, 2016. Archived fromthe original on 8 August 2018 – viaInternet Archive.Citizens visit Jinhuyang National Forest Park at the opening ceremony of the 9th Kashgar Jinhuyang Cultural and Tourism Festival in Zepu county of Kashgar, northwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region , Oct .18, 2016.
  7. ^"Section 21 – the Kingdom of Shule 疏勒 (Kashgar)".
  8. ^Zheng C, Fu J, Li Z, Lin G, Jiang D, Zhou XN (8 December 2018)."Spatiotemporal Variation and Hot Spot Detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease in Kashi Prefecture, China".International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.15 (12): 2784.doi:10.3390/ijerph15122784.PMC 6313707.PMID 30544811.The results indicated that VL continues to be a serious public health problem in Kashi Prefecture, China, particularly in the north-central region of Jiashi County, which is a relatively high-risk area in which hot spots are distributed.
  9. ^3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Chinese). Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics.Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved2018-04-22.
  10. ^"KĀSHÍ SHÌ (County-level City)".City Population.Archived from the original on 2017-12-03. Retrieved2017-08-11.
  11. ^中國考古集成: 魏晋至隋唐. 东亚文库 (in Chinese). 中州古籍出版社. 2000. p. 3166.ISBN 978-7-5348-2060-1. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  12. ^中國歷史地名大辭典 (in Chinese). 广东教育出版社. 1995. p. 1153.ISBN 978-7-5406-3206-9. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  13. ^疏勒县地方志编纂委员会 (2001).疏勒县志. 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志丛书 (in Chinese).Xinjiang People's Press. p. 698.ISBN 978-7-228-06733-6. Retrieved2025-01-09.
  14. ^疏勒县地方志编纂委员会 (2001).疏勒县志. 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志丛书 (in Chinese).Xinjiang People's Press. p. 65.ISBN 978-7-228-06733-6. Retrieved2025-01-09.
  15. ^Kulikova, G.; Krüger, F. (2017)."Historical seismogram reproductions for the source parameters determination of the 1902, Atushi (Kashgar) earthquake".Journal of Seismology.21 (6):1577–1597.Bibcode:2017JSeis..21.1577K.doi:10.1007/s10950-017-9683-z.S2CID 135031442.
  16. ^"Earthquake Ruins in Atushi (1902)".Chinese Academy of Sciences. kepu.net.cn. Retrieved2 January 2022.
  17. ^新疆维吾尔自治区地方志编纂委员会 (1992).新疆通志: 民政志. 第二十四卷. 新疆维吾尔自治区地方志丛书 (in Chinese).Xinjiang People's Press. p. 8.ISBN 978-7-228-02482-7. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  18. ^Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003).地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese).Ürümqi:新疆人民出版社. pp. 191–93.ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
  19. ^abcd喀什地区历史沿革 [Kashgar Prefecture Historical Evolution].XZQH.org. 14 November 2014.Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved7 April 2020.2010年第六次人口普查，喀什地区常住总人口3979321人，其中：喀什市506640人，疏附县311960人，疏勒县312455人，英吉沙县262067人，泽普县206936人，莎车县762385人，叶城县454328人，麦盖提县258978人，岳普湖县147688人，伽师县381767人，巴楚县336274人，塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县37843人。
  20. ^泽普概况 (in Simplified Chinese). Poskam (Zepu) County People's Government. 17 July 2017. Archived fromthe original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved10 April 2020 – viaInternet Archive.1956年6月莎车专区撤销，泽普县划归喀什地区至今。
  21. ^中国古今地名大词典 (in Chinese). 上海辞书出版社. 2005. p. 2869.ISBN 978-7-5326-1743-2. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  22. ^新疆维吾尔自治区地方志编纂委员会 (2006).新疆年鉴 (in Chinese).Xinjiang People's Press. p. 194. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  23. ^中国经济特区研究（2021年第1辑．总第14辑） (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社·城市和绿色发展分社. 2022. p. 22.ISBN 978-7-5201-9862-2. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  24. ^转型与交往：一个工厂的劳工民族志 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2017. p. 3.ISBN 978-7-5201-0530-9. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  25. ^中國謀略：新全球化下中國一帶一路的經濟與戰略布局. 歷史與現場 (in Chinese). Shi bao wen hua. 2020. p. 45.ISBN 978-957-13-8369-9. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  26. ^Nabijan Tursun (2007).Uyghur Reader. Dunwoody Press. p. 141.ISBN 978-1-931546-42-3.
  27. ^山脉平原. Kashgar Prefecture People's Government. 29 December 2018.Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved8 April 2020.世界上海拔在8000米以上的14座高峰中，有4座便坐落在喀喇昆仑山脉之中，其中海拔8611米的世界第二高峰——乔戈里峰，是喀喇昆仑山的主峰。
  28. ^疏附县历史沿革.XZQH.org. 14 November 2014.Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved5 April 2020.2014年，自治区政府（新政函[2014]8号）同意撤销乌帕尔乡，设立乌帕尔镇。2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]194号）同意将疏附县阿克喀什乡划归喀什市管辖。
  29. ^2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：喀什地区 (in Simplified Chinese).National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019.Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved7 April 2020.统计用区划代码 名称 653101000000 喀什市 653121000000 疏附县 653122000000 疏勒县 653123000000 英吉沙县 653124000000 泽普县 653125000000 莎车县 653126000000 叶城县 653127000000 麦盖提县 653128000000 岳普湖县 653129000000 伽师县 653130000000 巴楚县 653131000000 塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县
  30. ^喀什地区2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Simplified Chinese). Kashgar Prefecture People's Government.Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved7 April 2020.年末人口总户数119.08万户，总人口464.97万人，比上年增加13.5万人，城镇人口106.50万人，占总人口比重为22.90%。汉族人口28.8万人，占总人口比重为6.2%；维吾尔族人口429.52万人，占总人口比重为92.4%；塔吉克族人口4.35万人，占总人口比重为0.94%；其他民族人口2万人，占总人口比重为0.43%。全年出生率12.83‰，死亡率4.82‰，人口自然增长率8.01‰。
  31. ^"KĀSHÍ DÌQŪ (Prefecture, Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ĕr Zìzhìqū) Population".City Population.Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved2017-08-11.
  32. ^ab3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Chinese (China)). Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics.Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved2017-09-03.
  33. ^Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004).Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers(PDF).University of Washington Press. p. 179.ISBN 0-295-98390-6.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2020-01-07. Retrieved2020-05-09.
  34. ^2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料.Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. 2003.ISBN 7-105-05425-5.
  35. ^Stanley W. Toops (August 2012). Susan M. Walcott; Corey Johnson (eds.).Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea. Routledge. pp. 65–66.ISBN 978-1-135-07875-1.Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved2017-08-11.
  36. ^"数千亿资金涌动新疆振兴规划即将发布".China Daily Website (in Chinese). 2010-05-20. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  37. ^等高柏 (2015).高铁：欧亚大陆经济整合与中国21世纪大战略. 城市研究. 高铁系列 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. p. 440.ISBN 978-7-5097-6905-8. Retrieved2025-01-08.
  38. ^"西部年内将建4个"经济特区"".新浪财经_手机新浪网 (in Chinese). 2010-04-30. Retrieved2025-01-08.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toKashgar Prefecture.

39°28′N75°59′E / 39.47°N 75.99°E /39.47; 75.99

Prefecture-level cities
Ürümqi
Karamay
Turpan
Kumul / Hami
Sub-provincial
autonomous prefecture
Ili Kazakh
Tacheng1
Altay1
Prefectures
Aksu
Kashgar / Kashi
Hotan / Hetian
Autonomous
prefectures
Changji Hui
Bortala Mongol
Bayingholin Mongol
Kizilsu Kyrgyz
XPCC administered
County-level cities
  • 1Tacheng and Altay are prefectures within and under the administration of the Ili Prefecture.
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