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| Palikúr | |
|---|---|
| Karipuna | |
| Pa'ikwené,Pa'ikwaki | |
| Native to | Brazil,French Guiana |
| Ethnicity | Palikur, formerlyKaripuna do Amapá |
Native speakers | (1,500 cited 2000–2010)[1] |
Arawakan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | plu |
| Glottolog | pali1279 |
| ELP | Palikur |
Palikúr (Brazilian Portuguese:Palicur,French:Palikur) is anArawakan language ofBrazil andFrench Guiana, spoken by thePalikur and formerly theKaripuna do Amapá.[2] Knowledge ofFrench andPortuguese is common among the Palikur, andFrench Guianese Creole is used as the common language among the tribes in the area and with the local population. Palikúr is considered endangered in French Guiana and vulnerable in Brazil.[3][4]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Glide | w | j | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | iĩ | uũ | |
| Mid | eẽ | oõ | |
| Open | aã |
Palikúr has dependent and independentpersonal pronouns.[6] The verb marks the object by using suffixes, but not the subject, which must appear in the form of anominal group or as an independent pronoun. Thisaffixation of only the object and not of the subject is linguistically very rare: the norm is the affixation for both or for only the subject. The noun complement is marked by a possessive prefix.[4]
| Palikúr | English | Prefixes Noun, Relation, Subject of Verb | Suffixes Object of verb | Independent Pronouns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | I | n(u)- | -(u)n | náhu |
| 2sg | you (singular) | pi- | -pi | písu |
| 3msg | he | ri- | -ri | irV |
| 3fsg | she | ru- | -ru | erV |
| 1pl.incl | we (inclusive) | u- | -wi | wísu |
| 1pl.excl | we (exclusive) | w(a)- | u-su | |
| 2pl | you (plural) | ji- | -ji | jí-su |
| 3pl | they | ri-...-kisV, ru-...-kisV | -rikisV, rukisV | irV-kisV |
Palikúr has severalloanwords, many of which are wildlife-related, from theCarib language, including:[6]
| English | Palikúr | Carib |
|---|---|---|
| Sloth | waikuli | waikore |
| Anteater | tamanua | tamaanuwa |
| Giant armadillo | malulaima | manuraimo |
| Paca | urana | urana |
| Agouti | kuʃiwai | akusiwai |
| Peccary | pakira | pakiira |
| Coati | kuwaʃ | kuwasi |
| Otter | saruru | sarooro |
| Squirrel monkey | akarma | akarima |
| Pied tamarin | kusiri | kusiri |
| Spider monkey | kuwata | kuwata |
| Hummingbird | tukusi | tukuʔsi |
| Juruti | wilusi | werusi |
| Thrush | kuwaswi | kurasiwai |
| Southern American bushmaster | urukru | urukuku |
| Tortoise | wajamu | wajaamu |
| Giant Amazonian ants | irakrĩ | irako |
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