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Palikúr language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromKaripuna do Amapa language)
Arawakan language spoken in Brazil and French Guiana
Not to be confused withKaripuna language (disambiguation).
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Palikúr
Karipuna
Pa'ikwené,Pa'ikwaki
Native toBrazil,French Guiana
EthnicityPalikur, formerlyKaripuna do Amapá
Native speakers
(1,500 cited 2000–2010)[1]
Arawakan
  • Northern
    • Palikuran
      • Palikúr
Language codes
ISO 639-3plu
Glottologpali1279
ELPPalikur

Palikúr (Brazilian Portuguese:Palicur,French:Palikur) is anArawakan language ofBrazil andFrench Guiana, spoken by thePalikur and formerly theKaripuna do Amapá.[2] Knowledge ofFrench andPortuguese is common among the Palikur, andFrench Guianese Creole is used as the common language among the tribes in the area and with the local population. Palikúr is considered endangered in French Guiana and vulnerable in Brazil.[3][4]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Consonant phonemes
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptk
voicedbdɡ
Fricativesʃh
Nasalmn
Glidewj
  • Plosives in word-final position are heard unreleased as [p̚, t̚, k̚, b̚, d̚, ɡ̚].
  • /p/ can be heard as[v] or[β] when before close vowels /i, u/, or within intervocalic positions.
  • /t, d, n/ when before front vowels /i, ĩ/ are heard as palatal and post-alveolar sounds [tʃ, dʒ, ɲ].

Vowels

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Vowel phonemes
FrontCentralBack
Closeiĩuũ
Mideoõ
Openaã
  • /e, o/ are heard as [ɛ, ɔ] within different positions.
  • /a/ is heard as a nasalized central vowel sound [ɐ̃] when preceding a nasal consonant.[5]

Pronouns

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Palikúr has dependent and independentpersonal pronouns.[6] The verb marks the object by using suffixes, but not the subject, which must appear in the form of anominal group or as an independent pronoun. Thisaffixation of only the object and not of the subject is linguistically very rare: the norm is the affixation for both or for only the subject. The noun complement is marked by a possessive prefix.[4]

PalikúrEnglishPrefixes
Noun, Relation, Subject of Verb
Suffixes
Object of verb
Independent Pronouns
1sgIn(u)--(u)nnáhu
2sgyou (singular)pi--pipísu
3msgheri--riirV
3fsgsheru--ruerV
1pl.inclwe (inclusive)u--wiwísu
1pl.exclwe (exclusive)w(a)-u-su
2plyou (plural)ji--jijí-su
3pltheyri-...-kisV, ru-...-kisV-rikisV, rukisVirV-kisV

Loanwords

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Palikúr has severalloanwords, many of which are wildlife-related, from theCarib language, including:[6]

EnglishPalikúrCarib
Slothwaikuliwaikore
Anteatertamanuatamaanuwa
Giant armadillomalulaimamanuraimo
Pacauranaurana
Agoutikuʃiwaiakusiwai
Peccarypakirapakiira
Coatikuwaʃkuwasi
Ottersarurusarooro
Squirrel monkeyakarmaakarima
Pied tamarinkusirikusiri
Spider monkeykuwatakuwata
Hummingbirdtukusitukuʔsi
Jurutiwilusiwerusi
Thrushkuwaswikurasiwai
Southern American bushmasterurukruurukuku
Tortoisewajamuwajaamu
Giant Amazonian antsirakrĩirako

References

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  1. ^Palikúr atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^"Change Request Documentation: 2022-013".iso639-3.sil.org.
  3. ^Rosélis Remor de Souza Mazurek (2016)."Mapping in the Oiapoque Indigenous Territories".Revue d'ethnoécologie (9).doi:10.4000/ethnoecologie.2701.Archived from the original on 2023-02-14. Retrieved2021-03-27.
  4. ^ab"Le palikur".Sorosoro (in French).Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved27 March 2021.
  5. ^da Silva, Elissandra Barros (2016).A Língua Parikwaki (Palikur, Arawak): Situação Sociolinguística, Fonética e Fonologia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
  6. ^abRamirez, Henri (17 March 2021).Enciclopédia das línguas Arawak acrescida de seis novas línguas e dois bancos de dados (in Brazilian Portuguese). Editora CRV.ISBN 9786555788822.

External links

[edit]
  • Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012)."Phonological inventory of Palikúr".The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
Official language
Regional languages
Indigenous
languages
Arawakan
Arawan
Cariban
Pano–Tacanan
Macro-Jê
Nadahup
Tupian
Chapacuran
Tukanoan
Nambikwaran
Purian
Yanomaman
Bororoan
Harákmbut–Katukinan
Guaicuruan
Ticuna-Yuri
Nukak–Kakwa
Kariri
Isolates
Unclassified
Interlanguages
Sign languages
Non-official
Italics indicateextinct languages
Official language
Local languages
Sign languages
Arawakan (Maipurean) languages
Caribbean
Amapá
Central
Bahuanaic
Pidjanan
Rio Negro
Upper Amazon
Japurá-Colômbia
Upper Orinoco
Lower Ucayalí
Pozuzo
Mato Grosso
Xaray
Xingú
Purus
Bolivia
Preandine
Italics indicateextinct languages
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