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Karel Hynek Mácha | |
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 Karel Hynek Mácha painted byJan Vilímek | |
| Born | (1810-11-16)16 November 1810 |
| Died | 5 November 1836(1836-11-05) (aged 25) Litoměřice, Bohemia, Austrian Empire |
| Resting place | Vyšehrad Cemetery, Prague |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Language | Czech |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Education | Prague University |
| Literary movement | Czech national revival |
| Notable works | Máj |
| Partner | Eleonora Šomková |
| Children | Ludvík Šomek |
Karel Hynek Mácha (Czech pronunciation:[ˈkarɛlˈɦɪnɛkˈmaːxa]) (16 November 1810 – 5 November 1836) was aCzechromantic poet. His poemMáj is among the most important poems in the history ofCzech literature.
Mácha was born on 16 November 1810 inPrague. He grew up in Prague, the son of a foreman at a mill. He learnedLatin and German in school. He went on to study law atPrague University; during that time he also became involved in theatre (as an actor he first appeared inJan Nepomuk Štěpánek's playCzech and German in July 1832 inBenešov[1]), where he metEleonora Šomková, with whom he had a son out of wedlock. He was fond of travel, enjoying trips into the mountains, and was an avid walker. Eventually he moved toLitoměřice, a quiet town some 60 km from Prague, to prepare for law school exams and to write poetry. Three days before he was to be married to Šomková, just a few weeks after he had begun working as a legal assistant, Mácha overexerted himself while helping to extinguish a fire and soon thereafter died. It is not certain what he died of. Some sources state that the cause of his death was pneumonia.[2] The official record lists Mácha's cause of death asBrechdurchfall, a milder form ofcholera characterized by retching and diarrhea.[3] The day after his death had been scheduled as his wedding day in Prague.
Mácha was buried in Litoměřice in a pauper's grave. Recognition came after his death: in 1939, his remains were exhumed, and they were given a formal state burial at theVyšehrad Cemetery in Prague.[2]
A statue was erected in his honor in Petřín Park, Prague.[2] In 1937 a biographical film,Karel Hynek Mácha, was made byZet Molas.Lake Mácha (Czech:Máchovo jezero) was named after him in 1961.
Mácha was honored on a 50 haléř and a 1 koruna stamp on 30 April 1936, Scott Catalog #213–214. The stamp depicts a statue of Mácha that is found in Prague and was issued by the postal agency of Czechoslovakia. He was again honored on a 43 koruna postage stamp issued by the postal agency of the Czech Republic on 10 March 2010. This 43 koruna postage stamp is presented on a miniature souvenir sheet. The Scott catalog number for this postage stamp honoring Macha is Scott #3446.
Karel Mácha was appointed patron saint of the youth collective "De Barries" in 2019.
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His lyrical epic poemMáj (May), published in 1836 shortly before his death, was judged by his contemporaries as confusing, too individualistic, and not in harmony with the national ideas.[2] Czech playwrightJosef Kajetán Tyl even wrote a parody of Mácha's style, "Rozervanec" (The Chaotic). "Máj" was rejected by publishers, and was published by a vanity press at Mácha's own expense, not long before his early death.Josef Bohuslav Foerster set May for choir and orchestra as his Op.159.
Mácha's genius was discovered and glorified much later by the poets and novelists of the 1850s (e.g.,Jan Neruda,Vítězslav Hálek, andKarolina Světlá) and "Máj" is now regarded as the classic work of CzechRomanticism and is considered one of the best Czech poems ever written.[4] It contains forebodings of many of the tendencies of 20th-century literature: existentialism, alienation, isolation, surrealism, and so on.
Mácha also authored a collection of autobiographical sketches titledPictures From My Life, the 1835–36 novelCikáni (Gypsies),[5] and several individual poems, as well as a journal in which, among other things, he detailed his sexual encounters with Šomková.[2] TheDiary of Travel to Italy describes his journey toVenice,Trieste, andLjubljana (where he met theSlovene national poetFrance Prešeren) in 1834. TheSecret Diary describes his daily life in autumn 1835 with cipher passages concerning his relationship with Eleonora Šomková.[6]
