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| Karamanlı Turkish | |
|---|---|
| Karamanlıca -Karamanlı Türkçesi | |
| Native to | Greece,Bulgaria,North Macedonia,Turkey |
| Ethnicity | Karamanlides |
| Era | 19th century |
| Greek | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | kara1469 |
Karamanli Turkish (Turkish:Karamanlı Türkçesi;Greek:Καραμανλήδικα,romanized: Karamanlídika) is an extinct dialect of theTurkish language spoken by theKaramanlides. Although the official Ottoman Turkish was written in theArabic script, the Karamanlides used theGreek alphabet to write their form of Turkish. Karamanli Turkish had its own literary tradition and produced numerous published works in print during the 19th century, some of them published by theBritish and Foreign Bible Society as well as by Evangelinos Misailidis in the Anatoli or Misailidis publishing house.[1][2]
Karamanli writers and speakers were expelled from Turkey as part of theGreek-Turkish population exchange in 1923. Some speakers preserved their language in the diaspora. The written form stopped being used immediately afterTurkey adopted theLatin alphabet.
A fragment of a manuscript written in Karamanli was also found in theCairo Geniza.[3]
| Greek letter | Latin equivalent | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Α | a | [a] |
| Π˙ | b | [b] |
| ΔΖ | c | [d͡ʒ] |
| ΤΖ | ç | [t͡ʃ] |
| Δ/Τ˙ | d | [d] |
| Ε | e | [e] |
| Φ | f | [f] |
| Γ | g | [g] |
| Γ/ΓΧ | ğ | [-/j] |
| Χ | h | [h] |
| Ι/Η | ı | [ɯ] |
| Ι | i | [i] |
| Κ/Ξ/ΧΧ˙ | k | [k/c] |
| Λ | l | [l] |
| Μ | m | [m] |
| Ν | n | [n] |
| Ο | o | [o] |
| Ο˙/ΙΟ/Ω | ö | [ø] |
| Π | p | [p] |
| Ρ | r | [r] |
| Σ/Ξ | s | [s] |
| Σ˙ | ş | [ʃ] |
| Τ/Θ | t | [t] |
| ΟΥ | u | [u] |
| ΟΥ˙ | ü | [y] |
| Β | v | [v] |
| Γ | y | [j] |
| Ζ | z | [z] |
There was a Karamanli Turkish newspaper,Anatoli, published from 1850 to 1922,[5] made byEvangelinos Misailidis. Other publications in Karamanli wereAnatol Ahteri,Angeliaforos,Angeliaforos coçuklar içun,Şafak, andTerakki. The second and third were created by theAmerican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.Demetrius Nicolaides also applied to make his own Karamanli publication,Asya ("Asia"), but was denied; he instead made an Ottoman Turkish newspaper calledServet. Evangelina Baltia and Ayșe Kavak, authors of "Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century," wrote that they could find no information explaining why Nicolaides' proposal was turned down.[6]
Up to 500 works of literature are thought to have been printed in Karamanli.[2] One of the largest distributors of these works was theBritish and Foreign Bible Society which published numerous editions of theOld Testament and theNew Testament.[2] A Karamanli author named Anastasios Karakioulaphis translatedAristotle'sPhysiognomica from Greek to Karamanli.[7] Other translations includeConfucius' works andXavier de Montepin's novels.[2] A great deal of books and works in the Karamanli dialect are preserved in theCentre of Asia Minor Studies inAthens,Greece.[8]
Karamanli inscriptions have been found in many cemeteries in Turkey, most of them inBalıklı.[2] Many of these inscriptions often talk about the humble origins of unimportant craftsmen fromcentral Anatolia. According to historianRichard Clogg, these inscriptions offer a "glimpse of a long past world ofGreek andTurkish symbiosis".[2]
"Kamayim vurdum yere" is a folk dance belonging to theKaramanlides &Turkish-speakingCappadocian Greeks.
Lyrics
Καμαΐμ βουρντούμ γερέ
Κανληνήμ ντόλτου ντερέ
Αχ μεντίλ μεντίλ μεντίλ, γκάλντηρ κολλάρην μεντίλ
Χεπ σιοζλέρνιν μπιρ γιαλάντηρ
Γκιρ κογιουνουμά ινάντηρ.
Τσαγρήν ανάν μη γκέλσιν; Μπενίμ ακράμπαμ νερέ;
Καμά τσεκέριμ καμά
Μπιρ κηζ βερίν αρκαμά
Μπιρ κηζ μπανά τσοκ μουντούρ
Μα λενιζντέ γιοκ μου ντούρ.
Transliteration
Kamayim vurdum yere
Kanlınım doldu dere
Ah mendil mendil mendil galdır golların mendil
Hep sözlerin bir yalandır gir goynuma inandır.
Çağrın anan mı gelsin? Benim akrabam nere?
Kama çekerim kama
Bir kız verin arkama
Bir kız bana çok mudur
Ma’lenızde yök mu dur.[9]
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