Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Karamanids

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromKaramanid Dynasty)

1250–1487 beylik in south-central Anatolia

For other uses, seeKaraman (disambiguation).

This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Karamanids" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Beylik of Karaman

1250–1487

The Karamanidbeylik and other eastern Mediterranean states in 1450

Status

Beylik

Capital

Larende
Ermenek
Konya (1307–1468)
Mut
Ereğli^[1]

Common languages

Persian,Old Anatolian Turkish^[a]

Religion

Sunni Islam

Government

Monarchy

Bey

• 1256?

Karaman Bey

• 1483–1487

Mahmud Bey

Historical era

Late Medieval

• Established

1250

• Disestablished

1487

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Sultanate of Rum

Ottoman Empire

Part ofa series on the

History ofTurkey

Turkey in Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, 1921

Prehistory

Prehistory of Anatolia

Palaeolithic Anatolia	c. 500,000– 10,000 BC
Mesolithic Anatolia	c. 11,000– 9,000 BC
Neolithic Anatolia	c. 8,000– 5,500 BC

Bronze Age

Troy	3000–700 BC
Hattians	2500–2000 BC
Akkadian Empire	2400–2150 BC
Luwians	2300–1400 BC
Assyria	1950–1750 BC
Kussara	1780–1680 BC
Achaeans (Homer)	1700–1300 BC
Kizzuwatna	1650–1450 BC
Hittites	1680–1220 BC
Arzawa	1500–1320 BC
Mitanni	1500–1300 BC
Hayasa-Azzi	1500–1290 BC
Lycia	1450–350 BC
Assuwa	1300–1250 BC
Diauehi	1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites	1200–800 BC
Phrygia	1200–700 BC
Caria	1150–547 BC
Tuwanuwa	1000–700 BC
Ionia	1000–545 BC
Urartu	859–595/585 BC

Iron Age

Diauehi	1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites	1200–800 BC
Phrygia	1200–700 BC
Caria	1150–547 BC
Doris	1100–560 BC
Aeolis	1000–560 BC
Tuwanuwa	1000–700 BC
Ionia	1000–545 BC
Urartu	859–595/585 BC
Median Empire	678–549 BC
Lydia	685–547 BC

Classical Age

Achaemenid Empire	559–331 BC
Kingdom of Alexander the Great	334–301 BC
Kingdom of Cappadocia	322–130 BC
Antigonids	306–168 BC
Seleucid Empire	305–64 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom	305–30 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	302–64 BC
Bithynia	297–74 BC
Attalid kingdom	282–129 BC
Galatia	281–64 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC–224 AD
Armenian Empire	190 BC–428 AD
Roman Republic	133–27 BC
Commagene	163 BC–72 AD
Ancient Rome	133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
Sasanian Empire	224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)

Medieval Age

Medieval Anatolia

Eastern Roman Empire	(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile asEmpire of Nicaea)
Rashidun Caliphate	(637–656)
Great Seljuk State	(1037–1194)
Danishmends	(1071–1178)
Sultanate of Rum	(1077–1307)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	(1078–1375)
Anatolian beyliks	(1081–1423)
County of Edessa	(1098–1150)
Artuqids	(1101–1409)
Empire of Trebizond	(1204–1461)
Latin Empire	(1204–1261)
Karamanids	(1250–1487)
Ilkhanate	(1256–1335)
Kara Koyunlu	(1375–1468)
Ak Koyunlu	(1378–1501)

Ottoman Era

Periods of Ottoman Empire

Rise	(1299–1453)
Classical Age	(1453–1566)
Transformation	(1566–1703)
Old Regime	(1703–1789)
Decline and modernization	(1789–1908)
Defeat and dissolution	(1908–1922)

Republic of Turkey

Periods of Turkey

War of Independence	(1919–1922)
Provisional government	(1920–1923)
One-party period	(1923–1930) (1930–1945)
Multi-party period	(1945–present)

By topic

Timeline

Turkey portal

TheKaramanids (Turkish:Karamanoğulları orKaramanoğulları Beyliği), also known as theEmirate of Karaman andBeylik of Karaman (Turkish:Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was anAnatolian beylik ofSalur tribe origin, centered in South-CentralAnatolia around the present-dayKaraman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerfulbeyliks in Anatolia.^[3]

History

[edit]

Page from theQuran manuscript made forHalil of Karaman.Konya, 1314.Mevlâna Museum

The Karamanids traced their ancestry from Hodja Sad al-Din and his sonNure Sufi Bey, who emigrated fromArran (roughly encompassing modern-dayAzerbaijan) toSivas because ofthe Mongol invasion in 1230.

The Karamanids were members of theSalur tribe ofOghuz Turks.^[4] According to others, they were members of theAfshar tribe,^[5] which participated in therevolt led byBaba Ishak and afterwards moved to the westernTaurus Mountains, near the town ofLarende, where they came to serve theSeljuks.Nure Sofi worked there as a woodcutter. His son,Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey, gained tenuous control over the mountainous parts ofCilicia in the middle of the 13th century. A persistent but spurious legend, however, claims that theSeljuq Sultan of Rum,Kayqubad I, instead established a Karamanid dynasty in these lands.^[5]

Karaman Bey expanded his territories by capturing castles inErmenek,Mut,Ereğli,Gülnar, andSilifke. The year of the conquests is reported as 1225,^[6] during the reign ofAla al-Din Kaykubadh I (1220–1237), which seems excessively early. Karaman Bey's conquests were mainly at the expense of theKingdom of Lesser Armenia (and perhaps at the expense ofRukn al-Din Kilij Arslan IV, 1248–1265); in any case it is certain that he fought against the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia (and probably even died in this fight) to such extent that KingHethum I (1226–1269) had to place himself voluntarily under the sovereignty of the greatKhan, in order to protect his kingdom fromMamluks andSeljuks (1244).

The rivalry betweenKilij Arslan IV andIzz al-Din Kaykaus II allowed the tribes in the border areas to live virtually independently. Karaman Bey helped Kaykaus, but Arslan had the support of both the Mongols andPervâne Sulayman Muin al-Din (who had the real power in the sultanate).

TheMongolian governor and generalBaiju was dismissed from office in 1256 because he had failed to conquer new territories. Still, he continued to serve as a general and appeared, the same year, fightingthe Sultan of Rum, who had not paid the tax, and he managed to defeat the sultan a second time. Rukn al-Din Kilidj Arslan IV got rid of almost all hostilebegs andamirs except Karaman Bey, to whom he gave the town ofLarende (nowKaraman, in honour of the dynasty) and Ermenek (c. 1260) in order to win him to his side. In the meantime, Bunsuz, brother of Karaman Bey, was chosen as aCandar, or bodyguard, forKilij Arslan IV. Their power rose as a result of the unification of Turkish clans that lived in the mountainous regions of Cilicia with the new Turkish population transferred there by Kayqubad.

Good relations between theSeljuqs and the Karamanids did not last. In 1261, on the pretext of supportingKaykaus II, who had fled to Constantinople as a result of the intrigues of the chancellorMu'in al-Din Suleyman, the Pervane, Karaman Bey and his two brothers, Zeynül-Hac and Bunsuz, marched towardKonya, the Seljuq capital, with 20,000 men. A combinedSeljuq andMongol army, led by the Pervane, defeated the Karamanid army and captured Karaman Bey's two brothers.

After Karaman Bey died in 1262, his older son,Mehmet I of Karaman, became the head of the house. He immediately negotiated alliances with otherTurkmen clans to raise an army against theSeljuqs andIlkhanids. During the 1276 revolt of Hatıroğlu Şemseddin Bey against Mongol domination in Anatolia, Karamanids also defeated several Mongol-Seljuq armies. In theBattle of Göksu in 1277 in particular, the central power of the Seljuq was dealt a severe blow. Taking advantage of the general confusion,Mehmed Bey capturedKonya on 12 May and placed on the throne a pretender calledJimri, who claimed to be the son ofKaykaus. In the end, however, Mehmed was defeated by Seljuq and Mongol forces and executed with some of his brothers in 1278.

Despite these blows, the Karamanids continued to increase their power and influence, largely aided by theMamluks ofEgypt, especially during the reign ofBaybars. Karamanids captured Konya on two more occasions at the beginning of the 14th century but were driven out the first time by emirChupan, theIlkhanid governor of Anatolia, and the second time by Chupan's son and successorTimurtash. An expansion of Karamanoğlu power occurred after the fall of the Ilkhanids in the 1330s. A second expansion coincided withKaramanoğlu Alâeddin Ali Bey's marriage toNefise Hatun, the daughter of the Ottoman sultanMurat I, the first important contact between the two dynasties.

As Ottoman power expanded into theBalkans, Aleaddin Ali Bey captured the city ofBeyşehir, which had been an Ottoman city. However, it did not take much time for theOttomans to react and march on Konya, the Karamanoğlu capital city. A treaty between the two kingdoms was formed, and peace existed until the reign ofBayezid I.

Timur gave control of the Karamanid lands to Mehmet Bey, the oldest son of Aleaddin Ali Bey. AfterBayezid I died in 1403, the Ottoman Empire went into a political crisis as theOttoman family fell prey to internecine strife. It was an opportunity not only for Karamanids but also for all of the Anatolianbeyliks. Mehmet Bey assembled an army to march onBursa. He captured the city and damaged it; this would not be the last Karamanid invasion ofOttoman lands. However, Mehmet Bey was captured by Bayezid Pasha and sent to prison. He apologized for what he had done and was forgiven by the Ottoman ruler.

Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey capturedTarsus while Mehmet Bey was in prison. Mustafa Bey, son of Mehmet Bey, retook the city during a conflict between the Emirs ofSham andEgypt. After that, the Egyptian sultanSayf ad-Din Inal sent an army to retake Tarsus from the Karamanids. TheEgyptian Mamluks damagedKonya after defeating the Karamanids, and Mehmet Bey retreated fromKonya. Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey pursued and captured him; according to an agreement between the two leaders, Mehmet Bey was exiled to Egypt for the rest of his life.

During theCrusade of Varna against the Ottomans in 1443–44, Karamanidİbrahim Bey marched onAnkara andKütahya, destroying both cities. In the meantime, the Ottoman sultanMurad II was returning fromRumelia with a victory against theHungarian Crusaders. Like all other Islamic emirates in Anatolia, the Karamanids were accused of treason. Hence, İbrahim Bey accepted all Ottoman terms. The Karamanid state was eventually terminated by the Ottomans in 1487, as the power of their Mameluke allies was declining. Some were resettled in various parts of Anatolia. Large groups were accommodated in northern Iran on the territory of present-dayAzerbaijan. The main part was brought to the newly conquered territories in north-eastern Bulgaria – theLudogorie region, another group – to what is now northern Greece and southern Bulgaria— present-dayKardzhali region andMacedonia. Ottomans foundedKaraman Eyalet from former territories of Karamanids.

Power of the Karamanid state in Anatolia

[edit]

According to Mesâlik-ül-Ebsâr, written by Şehâbeddin Ömer, the Karamanid army had 25,000 riders and 25,000saracens. They could also rely on some Turkmen tribes and their warriors.

Their economic activities depended mostly on control of strategic commercial areas such asKonya,Karaman and the ports of Lamos,Silifke,Anamur, andManavgat.

Karamanid architecture

[edit]

Tiledmihrab niche from the Karamanoglu Ibrahim Bey Imaret, Karaman, now displayed in theTiled Kiosk ofIstanbul

66mosques, 8hammams, 2caravanserais and 3medreses built by the Karamanids survived to the present day. Notable examples of Karamanid architecture include:

Hasbey Medrese (1241)
Şerafettin Mosque (13th century)
İnce Minare (Dar-ül Hadis) Medrese (1258–1279)
Hatuniye Medrese (Karaman)
Mevlana Mosque and Tomb in Konya
Mader-i Mevlana (Aktekke) mosque in Karaman
Ibrahim Bey Mosque (Imaret) in Karaman

List of Karamanid Rulers

[edit]


No.	Name	Reign start	Reign end
1.	Nure Sofi	1250	1256
2.	Karim al-Din Karaman	1256	1263
3.	Mehmed I	1263	1277
4.	Güneri Beg	1277	1300
5..	Badr al-Din Mahmud	1300	1311
6.	Yahsi Han Bey	1311	1312
7.	Haci Sufi Musa	1st:1312 2nd:1352	1st:1318 2nd:1356
8.	Ibrahim I	1st:1318 2nd:1340	1st:1332 2nd:1349
9.	Alaeddin Halil	1332	1340
10.	Ahmed I	1349	1350
11	Şemseddin Beg	1350	1352
12.	Süleyman	1356	1361
13.	Alaattin Ali	1361	1398
14.	Mehmed II	1st:1398 2nd:1421	1st:1420 2nd:1423
15.	Alaatin Ali II	1420	1421
16.	Ibrahim II	1423	1464
17.	Ishak Beg	1464	1465
18.	Pir Ahmed II	1465	1466
19.	Kasım Beg	1466	1483
20.	Turgutoglu Mahmut II	1483	`1487
21.	Mustafa Beg	1487	1501

Family tree

[edit]

Karamanid dynasty

Sufi Bey
r. 1250–1256

Karaman Bey
r. 1256–1261

Guneri Bey
r. 1277–1300

Mehmet I Bey
r. 1261–1277

Mahmut Bey
r. 1300–1308

Yahshi
Han Bey
r. 1308–1312

Musa Bey
r. 1312–1333,
1351–1356

Ibrahim I Bey
r. 1312–1333,
1348–1349

Halil
Mirza Bey
r. 1333–1348

Ahmet Bey
r. 1349–1350

Shemseddin
Bey
r. 1350–1351

Suleyman Bey
r. 1356–1361

Alaeddin
Ali Bey
r. 1361–1398

Nefise Hatun

Bengi
Ali Bey
r. 1423–1424

Mehmet II Bey
r. 1398–1399,
1402–1420,
1421–1423

Ibrahim II Bey
r. 1424–1464

Ishak Bey
r. 1464–1465

Pir Ahmad
Bey
r. 1465–1474

Kasim Bey
r. 1474–1483

Turgut Bey

Turgutoglu
Mahmut Bey
r. 1483–1487

Notes

[edit]

^"The secondary literature often mentions that Turkish was made the official language by the Karamanid ruler of south-central Anatolia, Mehmed Beg, on his conquest of Konya in 1277. However, this derives from a statement by the Persian historian Ibn Bibi that was probably intended to discredit Mehmed Beg as a barbaric Turkmen. There is no other evidence that the Karamanids ever used Turkish for official purposes or even much for literary ones.” Andrew Peacock, personal communication, May 10, 2017.^[2]

References

[edit]

^Türk Tarih Sitesi, Türk Tarihi, Genel Türk Tarihi, Türk Cumhuriyetleri, Türk Hükümdarlar – Tarih Archived 24 July 2011 at theWayback Machine
^Green 2019, p. 62.
^Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009).Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 40.ISBN 9781438110257.
^Boyacıoğlu, Ramazan (1999).Karamanoğulları'nın kökenleri (The Origin Of The Karamanids)Archived 19 March 2013 at theWayback Machine. Language: Turkish. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi C.I S.3 Sivas 1999 s.,27–50
^^a ^bCahen, Claude,Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History c. 1071–1330, trans. J. Jones-Williams (New York: Taplinger, 1968), pp. 281–2.
^Encyclopedia of Islam vol. IV, page 643.

Sources

[edit]

Leiser, Gary (2010). "The Turks in Anatolia before the Ottomans". InFierro, Maribel (ed.).The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 310.ISBN 978-0-521-83957-0.His ally the Qaramanid Muhammad (r. 660–77/1261–78) did capture Konya in 675/1276 and attempted to replace Persian with Turkish as the official government language.
Green, Nile (2019). "Introduction". In Green, Nile (ed.).The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca. University of California Press.
Mehmet Fuat Köprülü (1992).The Origins of the Ottoman Empire. Translated by Gary Leiser.State University of New York Press.ISBN 0-7914-0819-1.

Ancient and Middle Ages	Prehistory of Anatolia Classical Anatolia Byzantine Anatolia
Seljuks andBeyliks	Seljuk Empire Battle of Manzikert Sultanate of Rum Anatolian beyliks
Ottoman Empire	Rise Classical Age Conquest of Constantinople Transformation Ottoman Old Regime Tulip era Decline and modernization Tanzimat First Constitutional Era Second Constitutional Era Dissolution Partition
Republic of Türkiye	War of Independence Proclamation of the republic Atatürk's reforms Language reform Secularism One-party period Multi-party period
Overviews	Constitutional Economic Ottoman Military
Topics	Turkic migration Oghuz Turks Turkification Ancient peoples of Anatolia History of Anatolia History of Thrace

Geography

Regions (west to east)	Marmara region Aegean region Mediterranean region Black Sea region Central Anatolia region Eastern Anatolia region Southeastern Anatolia region
Topics	Climate Climate change Earthquakes East Anatolian Fault North Anatolian Fault Environmental issues Air pollution Waste management Fauna Flora and vegetation Geology Lakes Mountains National parks Rivers Turkish Riviera Wildlife

Government

Branches	Legislative Executive Cabinet Judicial Constitutional Court Court of Cassation Court of Jurisdictional Disputes Council of State
Politics	Elections Parliamentary elections Presidential elections Electoral system Political parties Referendums
Topics	Administrative divisions Foreign relations Intelligence Services Ministry of the Interior National Police Gendarmerie The constitutional system Turkish Armed Forces Air Force Land Navy

Economy

Demographics

Society

Culture	Anthem Architecture Seljuk Ottoman Art Carpet Cinema Cuisine Ottoman Festivals Flag Folk dance Folklore Illumination Intangible cultural heritage Literature Media TV Newspapers Radio stations Miniature Music Names Painting Pottery Sports Football Theater TV series Video games Wine World heritage sites

Seljuk Sultanate of Rum

Ancestor: Qutalmish
Founder: Suleyman I
Capital: İznik, thenKonya

Important centers and extension

Dynasty

Suleyman I (1077–1086)
Kilij Arslan I (1092–1107)
Melikshah (1107–1116)
Mesud I (1116–1156)
Kilij Arslan II (1156–1192)
Kaykhusraw I (1192–1196)
Süleymanshah II (1196–1204)
Kilij Arslan III (1204–1205)
Kaykhusraw I (2nd reign) (1205–1211)
Kaykaus I (1211–1220)
Kayqubad I (1220–1237)
Kaykhusraw II (1237–1246)
Kaykaus II (1246–1260)
Kilij Arslan IV (1248–1265)
Kayqubad II (1249–1257)
Kaykhusraw III (1265–1282)
Mesud II (1282–1284)
Kayqubad III (1284)
Mesud II (2nd reign) (1284–1293)
Kayqubad III (2nd reign) (1293–1294)
Mesud II (3rd reign) (1294–1301)
Kayqubad III (3rd reign) (1301–1303)
Mesud II (4th reign) (1303–1307)
Mesud III (1307)

Chronology

Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum

Wars and major battles

Culture

Arts	Anatolian Seljuk architecture
Writers and scholars	Rumi Haji Bektash Veli Fakhr al-Din Iraqi Siraj al-Din Urmavi Karim al-Din Aqsarayi Ibn Bibi

Other notable people

Anatolian beyliks

Tzachas (1081 - 1092)
Founder Tzachas Capital İzmir
Important centers and extension:	Ephesus Lesbos Chios

Shah-Armens (1100–1207)
Founder Sökmen el Kutbi Capital Ahlat
Important centers and extension:	Silvan Malazgirt Erciş Adilcevaz Başkale Eleşkirt Van Tatvan Bitlis Muş Hani
Dynasty:	Sökmen el Kutbi (1100–1112) Ibrahim bin Sökmen (? - ?) Ahmed bin Ibrahim (? - ?) Sökmen the Second (1128–1185) Seyfeddin Begtimur (1185–1193) Aksungur (1193–1197) Muhammed bin Begtimur (1185–1207)
Important works:	Ahlat Tombs

Artuqids (1102 - )
Ancestors Eksük and his sonArtuk, fromDöğer Oghuz Türkmen clan Founder Muinüddin Sökmen Bey Capitals Three branches inHasankeyf,Mardin andHarput
Important centers and extension:	Diyarbakır Hasankeyf Silvan Mardin Midyat Harput Palu Aleppo (temporarily in 1117)
Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:	Müinüddin Sökmen Bey (1102–1104) Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey (1104–1131)
Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:	Necmeddin Ilgazi (1106–1122) Hüsameddin Timurtaş (1122–1154) Necmeddin Alp (1154–1176)
Harput Dynasty:	Belek Bey (1112–1124) Nureddin Muhammed (? - ?) Sökmen the Second (? - ?)

Danishmends (1071–1178)
Founder Danishmend Gazi Capitals Sivas Niksar
Important centers and extension:	Sivas Niksar Malatya Kayseri Tokat Amasya Kastamonu Ankara
Dynasty:	Danishmend Gazi (1071–1084) Gazi Gümüshtigin (1084–1104) Emir Gazi (1104–1134) Melik Mehmed (1134–1142) Melik Zünnun (1142–1143) Yağıbasan (1143–1164) Melik Ismail (1164–1175) Nasreddin Muhammed (1175-1178)

Mengujekids (1071–1277)
Founder Mengücek Bey Capitals Erzincan, later alsoDivriği
Important centers and extension:	Erzincan Divriği Kemah Şebinkarahisar
Dynasty:	Mengücek Bey (1071–1118) Mengücekli Ishak Bey (1118–1120) 1120–1142 Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik ofDanishmends
Erzincan and Kemah Branch	Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?) 1228 Incorporation into theSeljuk Sultanate of Rum
Divriği Branch	Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?) 1277 Beylik destroyed byAbaka

Saltukids (1072–1202)
Founder Saltuk Bey Capital Erzurum
Important centers and extension:	Erzurum Tercan
Dynasty:	Saltuk Bey (1072–1102) Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım (1102 - ~1124) Ziyâüddin Gazi (~1124–1132) Izzeddin Saltuk (1132–1168) Nâsırüddin Muhammed (1168–1191) Mama Hatun (1191–1200) Melikshah bin Muhammed (1200–1202)

Aydinids (1307–1425)
Founder Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey Capitals Birgi, laterAyasluğ
Important centers and extension:	Tire İzmir Alaşehir Aydın Sakız/Chios (between 1336–1344)
Dynasty:	Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey (1307–1334) Umur Beg (1334–1348) Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey (? - ?) Aydınoğlu Isa Bey (- 1390)
Events	1390 First period of incorporation (by marriage) into theOttoman Empire underBayezid I the Thunderbolt 1402–1414 Second period of Beylik reconstituted byTamerlane toAydınoğlu Musa Bey (1402–1403) Aydınoğlu Umur Bey (1403–1405) İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey (1405–1425with intervals) 1425 Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm underMurad II

Candaroğulları (~1300–1461)
Founder Şemseddin Yaman Candar, commander descended fromKayı branch ofOghuz Turks in the imperial army ofSeljuk Sultanate of Rum Capital Kastamonu
Important centers and extension:	Sinop Eflani Çankırı Kalecik Tosya Araç Samsun (temporarily)
Dynasty:	Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha (1309 - ~1340) Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey (1340–1345) Candaroğlu Adil Bey (1340–1361) Celaleddin Bayezid (1361–1385) Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second (1384–1392)
Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :	Isfendiyar Bey (1385–1440) Taceddin Ibrahim Bey (1440–1443) Kemaleddin Ismail Bey (1443–1461)

Chobanids (1227–1309)
Founder Hüsamettin Çoban Bey, commander fromKayı Oghuz clan of theSeljuk Sultanate of Rum Capital Kastamonu
Important centers and extension:	Kastamonu Taşköprü
Dynasty:	Hüsamettin Çoban Bey (1309 - ?) Alp Yürek (? - ?) Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan (? - ?) Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey (? - 1309)

Dulkadirids (1348- ~1525)
Ancestor Hasan Dulkadir Founder Zeyneddin Karaca Bey Capital Elbistan
Important centers and extension:	Maraş Malatya Harput Kayseri Antep
Dynasty:	Zeyneddin Karaca Bey (1348–1348) Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey (1348–1386) Sûli Bey (1386–1396) Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey (1396–1443) Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey (1443–1454) Melik Arslan (?-?) Shah Budak (?-1492) Şahsuvar (?-?) Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey (1492–1507) Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey (1507- ~1525)

Eretnids (1328–1381)
Founder Eretna Bey, brother-in-law of theIlkhanid governor for Anatolia,Timurtash Capital Sivas, laterKayseri
Important centers and extension:	Sivas Kayseri Niğde Tokat Amasya Erzincan Şebinkarahisar Niksar
Dynasty:	Eretna Bey (1328–1352) Giyath al-Din Muhammad (1352–1365) Alâeddin Ali Bey (1365–1380) Mehmed Bey the Second (1380–1381)

Eshrefids (1288–1326)
Founder Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey, regent to theSeljuk Sultanate of Rum Capital Beyşehir
Important centers and extension:	Beyşehir Akşehir Bolvadin
Dynasty:	Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (1288–1302) Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey (1302–1320) Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second (1320–1326)

Germiyanids (1300–1429)
Ancestor Kerimüddin Alişir Founder Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First Capital Kütahya
Important centers and extension:	Kula (District), Manisa Simav Yenicekent Yenicekent (Beylik of Lâdik between 1300–1368)
Dynasty:	Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First (1300–1340) Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey (1340–1361) Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah (1361–1387)

Hamidids (~1280–1374)
Ancestors Hamid and his sonIlyas Bey, frontier rulers underSeljuk Sultanate of Rum Founder Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey Capital Isparta
Important centers and extension:	Eğirdir Uluborlu Gölhisar Korkuteli andAntalya transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brotherTekeoğlu Yunus Bey
Dynasty:	Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey (~1280–1324) Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey (1324–1330) Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey (? - ?) Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey (? - ?) Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey (? - ?) Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey (? - 1391)

Karamanids (~1250–1487)

Ancestor: Nure Sûfi fromAfshar Oghuz clan
Founder: Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
Capitals: successivelyEreğli; Ermenek; Larende (Karaman); Konya; Mut

Dynasty:

Kerîmeddin Karaman (1256–1261)
Mehmet I (1261–1283)
Güneri (1283–1300)
Bedreddin Mahmut (1300–1308)
Yahşı Han (1308–1312)
Bedreddin Ibrahim I (1312–1333)
Alâeddin Halil Mirza (1333–1348)
Bedreddin Ibrahim I,2nd reign (1348–1349)
Fahreddin Ahmed (1349–1350)
Şemseddin (1350–1351)
Burhaneddin Musa (1351–1356)
Seyfeddin Süleyman (1356–1357)
Alâeddin Ali (1357–1398)
Nasreddin Mehmed Bey (1398–1399)
Sultanzâde Mehmet II (1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
Bengi Alâeddin Ali (1418–1424)
Ibrahim II (1424–1464)
Sultanzâde Ishak (1464)
Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed (1464–1469)
Kasım (1469–1483)
Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey (1483–1487)

Karasids (1303–1360)
Ancestor Melik Danişmend Gazi Founder Karesi Bey Capital Balıkesir
Important centers and extension:	Aydıncık Bergama Edremit Bigadiç Ezine
Dynasty:	Karesi Bey (1307–1328) Demir Han (1328–1345) Yahşı Han (1328–1345) Süleyman Bey (1345–1360)

Ladik (~1300–1368)
Ancestor Germiyanlı Ali Bey Founder Inanç Bey Capital Denizli
Important centers and extension:	Denizli
Dynasty:	Inanç Bey (~1300 - ~1314) Murad Arslan (~1314 - ?) Inançoğlu Ishak Bey (? - ~1360) Süleyman Bey (1345–1368)

Menteshe (~1261–1424)
Founder Menteshe Bey Capitals Beçin castle and nearbyMilas, later alsoBalat
Important centers and extension	present-dayMuğla Province Muğla Finike Kaş Çameli Acıpayam Tavas Bozdoğan Çine temporarilyAydın andGüzelhisar, alsoRhodes between 1300–1314
Dynasty:	Menteshe Bey (~1261 - ~1282) Mesut (~1282 - ~1320) Orhan (~1320 - ~1340) Ibrahim (~1340 - ~1360)

Pervâneoğlu (1261–1322)
Ancestor Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî (vizier of theSeljuk Sultanate of Rum) Founder Süleyman Pervâne Capital Sinop
Important centers and extension:	Sinop
Dynasty:	Süleyman Pervâne (1261–1277) Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey (1277–1296) Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey (1296–1300) Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi (1300–1326)

Ramadanids (1352–1516)
Founder Ramazan Bey fromYüreğir Oghuz clan Capitals Adana
Important centers and extension:	Adana Tarsus
Dynasty:	Ibrahim Bey (1344-?) Ahmed Bey (?-1416) Ibrahim Bey (1416–1417) Hamza Bey (1417–1427) Mehmed Bey (1427-?) Eyluk Bey (? - ?) Dündar Bey (? - ?) Omer Bey (?-1490) Giyas al-Din Halil Bey (1490–1511) Hahmud Bey (1511–1516) Selim Bey (?-?) Kubad Bey (1517-?)

Sahib Ataids (1275–1341)
Founder Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali,vizier of theSeljuk Sultanate of Rum Capital Afyonkarahisar
Important centers and extension:	Akşehir Beyşehir Sandıklı Denizli
Dynasty	Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali (1275–1288) and sons Nusreddin Ahmed (1288–1341)

Sarukhanids (1302–1410)
Founder Saruhan Bey Capital Manisa
Important centers and extension:	Demirci Nif (Kemalpaşa) Akhisar Gördes Menemen
Dynasty	Saruhan Bey (1302–1345) Fahreddin Ilyas Bey Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey (-1388) Hızır Shah (1388–1390)

Teke (1301–1423)
Ancestors Hamidoğlu dynasty Founder Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey Capitals Antalya Korkuteli
Important centers and extension:	Antalya (lost to theKingdom of Cyprus between 1361–1373) Teke Peninsula
Dynasty:	Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey (1301-?) Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey (?-1327) Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey (? - ?) Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey (?-?) Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey (~1360 - ~1375) Tekeoğlu Osman Bey (~1375–1390)

Turkey portal

v t e States in late medieval Anatolia (after 1071)
Muslim states	Ahis Aq Qoyunlu Alaiye Artuqids Aydinids Candaroğulları Canik Chobanids Çubukoğulları Danishmendids Dilmachids Dulkadirids Eretnids Erzincan Eshrefids Germiyanids Hacıemir Hamidids Inalids Kadi Burhan al-Din Karamanids Karasids Ladik Mengüjekids Menteshe Ottoman Empire Pervâneoğlu Qara Qoyunlu Ramadanids Shah-Armens Sultanate of Rum Sahib Ataids Saltukids Sarukhanids Tacettinids Tanrıbermiş Teke Tzachas
Christian states	Byzantine Empire Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Empire of Nicaea Empire of Trebizond Knights Hospitaller Latin Empire Philaretos Brachamios Zaccaria family

States in late medieval Anatolia (after 1071)

Muslim states