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Kam–Tai languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromKam–Tai)
Proposed primary branch of Kra–Dai
Kam–Tai
Dong–Tai
Zhuang–Dong
Geographic
distribution
Southern China,Southeast Asia,Hainan
Linguistic classificationKra–Dai
  • Kam–Tai
Proto-languageProto-Kam–Tai
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologkamt1241

TheKam–Tai languages, also calledDong–Tai (Chinese:侗台语支) orZhuang–Dong (Chinese:壮侗语族) in China, are a proposed primary branch of theKra–Dai language family. However, since the 2000s in China, the namesDong–Tai (Chinese:侗台语支) andZhuang–Dong (Chinese:壮侗语族) have been used to refer to the entireKra–Dai language family, including theKra languages, due to the extensive documentation and comparative work done on Kra languages in China starting from the 2000s.

Definitions

[edit]

The termKam–Tai always includes at least bothTai andKam–Sui by definition, and can refer to:[1]

  1. The entireKra–Dai language family (as used by Chinese-speaking scholars)
  2. MostKra–Dai branches, but typically excludingKra andHlai (in most Western classifications, and also the definition used in this article)
  3. A coreKra–Dai group that includes all Kra–Dai languages except forBiao andLakkia (Norquest 2021)

History of classification

[edit]

In Western scholarship, a Kam–Tai group consisting ofKam–Sui andTai is accepted byEdmondson & Solnit (1988).[2][3] Hansell (1988)[4] considers Be to be asister of theTai branch based on shared vocabulary, and proposes aBe–Tai grouping within Kam–Tai. This classification is also followed byNorquest (2015).[5]

However, Ostapirat (2005)[6] and various other linguists do not make use of the Kam–Tai grouping.

Dispersal

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Liang & Zhang (1996:18)[7] estimate that the Kam-Sui, Tai, and Hlai branches had already formed by about 5,000 years B.P.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Norquest, Peter (2021). "Classification of (Tai-)Kadai/Kra-Dai languages".The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 225–246.doi:10.1515/9783110558142-013.ISBN 9783110558142.S2CID 238672319.
  2. ^Edmondson, Jerold A. and David B. Solnit, editors. 1988. Comparative Kadai: Linguistic studies beyond Tai. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, 86. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. vii, 374 p.
  3. ^Edmondson, Jerold A. and David B. Solnit, editors. 1997. Comparative Kadai: the Tai branch. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, 124. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. vi, 382 p.
  4. ^Hansell, Mark. 1988. The Relation of Be to Tai: Evidence from Tones and Initials. InComparative Kadai: Linguistic studies beyond Tai. Edited by Jerold A. Edmondson and David B. Solnit. Summer Institute of Linguistics and The University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics No. 86: 239–288.
  5. ^Norquest, Peter. 2015.A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Leiden: Brill.
  6. ^Ostapirat, Weera. (2005). "Kra–Dai and Austronesian: Notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution", pp. 107–131 in Sagart, Laurent, Blench, Roger & Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia (eds.),The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics. London/New York: Routledge-Curzon.
  7. ^Liang Min 梁敏 & Zhang Junru 张均如. 1996.Dongtai yuzu gailun 侗台语族概论 /An introduction to the Kam–Tai languages. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press 中国社会科学出版社.ISBN 9787500416814
  • Edmondson, J. A., & Solnit, D. B. (eds.) (1988).Comparative Kadai: linguistic studies beyond Tai. Summer Institute of Linguistics publications in linguistics, no. 86. Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.ISBN 0-88312-066-6
  • Liang Min 梁敏 & Zhang Junru 张均如. 1996.Dongtai yuzu gailun 侗台语族概论 /An introduction to the Kam–Tai languages. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press 中国社会科学出版社.ISBN 9787500416814
  • Ni Dabai 倪大白. 1990.Dongtai yu gailun 侗台语概论 /An introduction to the Kam-Tai languages. Beijing: Central Nationalities Research Institute Press 中央民族学院出版社.
Kra
Gelao
Kam–Sui
Biao
Lakkia
Hlai
Jiamao
BeJizhao
Tai
(Zhuang, etc.)
Northern
Central
Southwestern
(Thai)
Northwestern
Lao–Phutai
Chiang Saen
Southern
(other)
(mixed)
(mixed origins)
proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicateextinct languages
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