Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park | |
 Honokōhau Hālau | |
  | |
| Location | Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi, United States |
|---|---|
| Nearest city | Kailua-Kona, Hawaiʻi |
| Coordinates | 19°40′43.32″N156°01′19.20″W / 19.6787000°N 156.0220000°W /19.6787000; -156.0220000 |
| Area | 1,161 acres (470 ha) |
| Architectural style | Dry stack masonry |
| Visitation | 351,422 (2024)[2] |
| Website | Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park |
| NRHP reference No. | 78003148[1] |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 10, 1978 |
| Designated NHL | December 29, 1962[3] |
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is aUnited StatesNational Historical Park located in theKona District onHawaiʻi Island in the U.S. state ofHawaiʻi. It includes theNational Historic Landmarked archaeological site known as theHonokōhau Settlement. The park was established on November 10, 1978, for the preservation, protection and interpretation of traditional native Hawaiian activities and culture.
Kaloko andHonokōhau are the names of two of the four differentahupuaʻa, or traditional mountain-to-sea land divisions encompassed by the park. Although in ancient times this arid area of lava rock was calledkekaha ʻaʻole wai (lands without water), the abundant sea life attracted settlement for hundreds of years.
Kaloko (meaning "the pond" in theHawaiian language)[4] is a site of fishponds used inancient Hawaiʻi is on the north end of the park.The first reference to the pond comes from the story ofKamalalawalu, about 300 years ago.Thekuapā (seawall)[5] is over 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and 6 feet (1.8 m) high, stretching for 750 feet (230 m). Constructed by hand without mortar, the angle and gaps between the stones deflected the surf better than many modern concrete seawalls.[6]
ʻAimakapā fishpond[7] is an importantwetland area protecting native birds including thekoloa maoli (Hawaiian duck,Anas wyvilliana),ʻalae keʻokeʻo (Hawaiian coot,Fulica alai),āeʻo (Hawaiian stilt,Himantopus mexicanus knudseni),auʻkuʻu (black-crowned night heron,Nycticorax nycticorax), among others.The area is currently under reforestation, after the removal of non-native invasive plants.[8]It was added to the Register of Historic Places in 1978.[1]
Honokōhau means "bay drawing dew" and refers to the ancient settlement on the south part of the park.This area can be reached via trails from the park visitor center, or from the small boat harbor access road on Kealakehe Parkway.[9]Features includeloko iʻa (Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture fishponds),kahua (house site platforms),kiʻi pōhaku (petroglyphs),hōlua (stone slides) andheiau (religious sites).TheʻAiʻopio Fishtrap is a 1.7-acre (0.69 ha) pond, with a stone wall forming an artificial enclosure along the naturally curved shoreline of a bay.Small openings allowed young fish to enter from the sea, but as they grew larger (or at low tide) they were easily caught with nets inside the trap as needed.It was designated aNational Historic Landmark in 1962, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.[1]
Several restored trails include about one mile of theMāmalahoa Trail.[10]It was built in the mid-19th century, and evolved over the years into theHawaii Belt Road which encircles the entire island.The coastal trail is part of theAla Kahakai National Historic Trail.The Honokōhau boat harbor provides a launching area for traditional canoes, fishing boats,scuba diving andsnorkeling tours of the area.
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