Kalaburagi Gulbarga | |
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City | |
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 Kalaburagi in Karnataka | |
| Coordinates:17°19′44″N76°49′30″E / 17.329°N 76.825°E /17.329; 76.825 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Kalaburagi |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal corporation |
| • Body |
|
| • Mayor | Yellappa Naikodi |
| • Member of Parliament | Radhakrishna Doddamani |
| Area | |
• City | 192 km2 (74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 454 m (1,490 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• City | 533,587[1] |
| • Density | 8,275/km2 (21,430/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 543,147[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 585101-106 |
| Telephone code | 91(847)-2XXXXXX |
| Vehicle registration | KA-32 |
| Official language | Kannada[2] |
| Website | kalaburagicity |
Kalaburagi, formerly known asGulbarga,[3] is a city in the Indian state ofKarnataka. It is headquarters of the eponymousKalaburagi district andKalaburagi division. Kalaburagi city is governed by a Municipal Corporation. It is home to famous religious structures, like the HazrathKhwaja Banda Nawaz Dargah, theSharana Basaveshwara Temple and theBuddha Vihar. It also contains afort built during the Bahmani rule. Other Bahmani monuments include theHaft Gumbaz (seven domes together) and the Shor Gumbad. Kalaburagi has the world's largest cannon,[4][5][6][7] Kalaburagi has a few architectural marvels built during the Bahamani Kingdom rule, including the Jama Masjid in the Kalaburagi Fort. Kalaburagi houses the circuit bench of theHigh Court of Karnataka. Under the nameMonuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate, several buildings in the city and with others in the region were put byUNESCO on its "tentative list" ofWorld Heritage Site in 2014.[8]
The city was ranked among the top 10 Indian cities with the cleanest air and bestAQI in 2024.[9]
The name Gulbarga means '(City of) Flower Gardens' ultimately from the Persian words gul 'flower' and bāgh 'garden'.[10]
Gulbarga was renamed asKalaburagi in 2014 which stands for 'Rocky Land' in Kannada.[11][12]
The history of Kalaburagi dates to the sixth century. TheRashtrakutas gained control over the region, but theChalukyas regained their domain within a short period and reigned supreme for over 200 years. The Kalyani Kalachuris who succeeded them ruled until the 12th century. Around the end of the 12th century, theYadavas ofDevagiri and theHoysalas of Dwarasamadra destroyed the supremacy of theChalukyas andKalachuris of Kalyani. Around the same period, theKakatiya kings ofWarangal came into prominence and the presentKalaburagi andRaichur districts formed part of their domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1308 and the entireDeccan, including the district of Kalaburagi, passed under the control of theDelhi Sultanate.
The revolt of the officers appointed fromDelhi resulted in the founding of theBahmani Sultanate in 1347 byAla-ud-Din Bahman Shah, who chose Gulbarga (Hasanabad) to be the capital.[13] When the Bahmani Sultanate came to an end in 1527, the kingdom broke up into five independentDeccan sultanates,Bijapur,Bidar,Berar,Ahmednagar, andGolconda. The present Gulbarga district came partly under the sultanate ofBidar and partly under the sultanate ofBijapur. The last of these sultanates, Golconda, finally fell toAurangzeb in 1687.
With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Gulbarga passed under theMughal Empire. In the early part of the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal Empire,Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I, one of Aurangzeb's generals, formed the kingdom ofHyderabad, in which a major part of the Gulbarga area was also included. In 1948,Hyderabad State became a part of the Indian Union, and in 1956, excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh, tbe Gulbarga district became part of the new Mysore State through theStates Reorganisation Act[14] in 1956.
The entire district is on the Deccan Plateau, and the elevation ranges from 300 to 750 m above MSL. Two main rivers, theKrishna andBhima, flow through the district. The predominant soil type isblack soil. The district has many tanks, which irrigate the land along with the river. TheUpper Krishna Project is a major irrigation venture in the district of Kalaburagi. The main crops are groundnuts, rice, and pulses. Kalaburagi is the largest producer oftoor dal, orpigeon peas, in Karnataka. Kalaburagi is an industrially backward district but is showing signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather and chemical industries. Kalaburagi has a university with Medical and Engineering Colleges. Central University of Karnataka (CuK) is located in Kadaganchi, Åland Taluk of Kalaburagi.[15] The geographical area of the city is 64 square kilometres.[16]
Kalaburagi has ahot semi-arid climate (BSh) bordering on atropical wet and dry climate (Aw). The climate of the district is generally dry, with temperatures ranging from 8 °C to 45 °C and an annual rainfall of about 750 mm. The year in Kalaburagi is divided into three main seasons. The summer lasts from late February to May. It is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts from late June to late October. This is then followed by dry winter weather from late November until February.
| Climate data for Kalaburagi (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.3 (97.3) | 40.3 (104.5) | 43.0 (109.4) | 45.1 (113.2) | 47.3 (117.1) | 46.0 (114.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 37.8 (100.0) | 37.4 (99.3) | 38.2 (100.8) | 35.7 (96.3) | 36.2 (97.2) | 46.1 (115.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.9 (89.4) | 34.7 (94.5) | 38.1 (100.6) | 40.3 (104.5) | 40.8 (105.4) | 35.6 (96.1) | 32.4 (90.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.4 (88.5) | 34.6 (94.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.9 (78.6) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.3 (70.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 21.4 (70.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.8 (55.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 12.7 (54.9) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 17.8 (64.0) | 10.0 (50.0) | 7.8 (46.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | 5.6 (42.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 2.9 (0.11) | 2.4 (0.09) | 6.4 (0.25) | 21.1 (0.83) | 28.2 (1.11) | 118.4 (4.66) | 132.7 (5.22) | 145.8 (5.74) | 184.3 (7.26) | 98.9 (3.89) | 14.6 (0.57) | 1.6 (0.06) | 757.4 (29.82) |
| Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 46.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 34 | 28 | 24 | 27 | 30 | 49 | 60 | 62 | 61 | 54 | 46 | 37 | 43 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[17][18][19] | |||||||||||||
Gulburga has been ranked 33rd best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[20]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 59.62% | |||
| Islam | 37.29% | |||
| Christianity | 0.52% | |||
| Jainism | 0.40% | |||
| Others† | 2.17% | |||
| Distribution of religions †IncludesSikhs (0.2%),Buddhists (<0.2%). | ||||
As of the 2011 Indian census,[1] Kalaburagi city has a population of 533,587. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kalaburagi has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 70%, while that of females is 30%. In Kalaburagi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
At the time of the 2011 census, 55.04% of the population spokeKannada, 35.78%Urdu, 3.56%Marathi, 2.37%Hindi, 1.20%Telugu and 1.14%Lambadi as their first language.[22]
Kalaburagi has been home to two ex-chief ministers of Karnataka, namelyVeerendra Patil (1968–1971, 1988–1992) andDharam Singh (2004–2006); both belonged to theIndian National Congress party.
Kalaburagi comes underKalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency.Radhakrishna Doddamani fromIndian National Congress (INC) is the Member of Parliament (MP) since 2024. Mallikarjun Kharge (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician, who is the current president of the Indian National Congress, and Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 16 February 2021. He was also Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 16 February 2021 to 1 October 2022. He was the Former Minister of Railways and Minister of Labour and Employment in the Government of India. Kharge was a Member of Parliament for Gulbarga, Karnataka from 2009 to 2019.[23]
Kalaburagi city has twoVidhan Sabha constituencies:Kalaburagi Uttar (North) andKalaburagi Dakshin (South). Both are part of the Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency. The MLA for Kalaburagi Uttar is Kaneez Fatima from Indian National Congress, while the MLA for Kalaburagi Dakshin is from Indian National congress (2023).
The largest collection of Islamic art is seen at the domed ceiling and walls are adorned with paintings containing calligraphy designs and floral, flower and plants and geometric patterns inside the 14th-century tomb of Sufi saint Syed Shah Qhabulullah Husayni with natural colours. By religious restrictions, the artist was prohibited from depicting living beings in the interior of tomb, and his imagination was therefore employed either in inventing new designs for religious texts or in adding further delicacy and subtleness to the geometric and floral devices by making the drawings more and more intricate. A small tomb beside the said Sufi's has an excellent work of painted flower plants on the ceiling. Another vacant Shore Gumbad outside the city has delicate designs on its domed ceiling is superb.[citation needed]
The walls and ceiling of the tomb of Sultan Firuz Shah Bahmani can be appreciated which, although monotone, represents faithfully the creepers and floral patterns, the numerous geometric devices and calligraphic styles. The most notable building, however, of this period is the Jama Masjid of Kalaburagi fort, built by a Persian architect named Rafi in 1367 during the reign of Bahmani KingMohammed Shah I.
The glory of the towns in north Karnataka waned with the decline of the Bahmani dynasty, although Barid Shahi andAdil Shahi Kings kept up its beauty during their chequered rule. It suffers from pollution through nickel and lead.
Royal patronage played an important role in the making of Islamic art, as it has in the arts of other cultures. From the 14th century onwards, especially in eastern lands, the books of art provide the best documentation of courtly patronage.
Kalaburagi has its own airport namedKalaburagi airport which was inaugurated byKarnataka CMYediyurappa on 22 November 2019 and started on the same day.[24] It is connected withBangalore andTirupati byStar Air andAlliance Air.
Kalaburagi airport has second longest runway in Karnataka after theKempegowda International Airport of Bangalore.[25]
_Junction_railway_station_under_Solapur_Railway_Division_06.jpg)
Kalaburagi has a railway station namedKalaburagi Junction which comes under theSolapur division ofIndian Railways. There are two railway lines that pass throughKalaburagi namely,Mumbai–Chennai line (Solapur–Guntakal section) andKalaburagi -Bidar line.
Kalaburagi is directly linked through daily trains withMumbai,Bangalore,Hyderabad,Chennai,Itarsi Junction,Mysore,Hassan,Hubli,Vijayawada,Coimbatore,Kochi,Kanyakumari etc.
Kalaburagi is planned to be a part of proposedhigh-speed rail corridor running fromMumbai toHyderabad.[26]
Kalaburagi is the headquarter of theNEKRTC also called asKalyana Karnataka RTC bus transport which was founded and started on 15 August 2000 and serves the North-Eastern Districts ofKarnataka.[27] It also hasNrupatunga city bus service which serves Kalaburagi urban andSedam and is operated by NEKRTC itself.[28]
TheCentral University of Karnataka is located in Kalaburagi. TheGulbarga University,Sharnbasva University, andKhaja Bandanawaz University, are the other universities in the city. It also has anESIC Medical College.
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