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Kai Tak Development 啟德發展計劃 | |
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 The Kai Tak Development site in July 2017. | |
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  Kai Tak Development Location within Hong Kong | |
| Coordinates:22°19′38″N114°11′52″E / 22.3272°N 114.1978°E /22.3272; 114.1978 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 320 ha (790 acres) |
| Website | ktd.gov.hk |
| Kai Tak Development | |||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 啟德發展計劃 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 启德发展计划 | ||||||||||
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| South East Kowloon Development | |||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 東南九龍發展計劃 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 东南九龙发展计划 | ||||||||||
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TheKai Tak Development (Chinese:啟德發展計劃), abbreviated as"KTD" and formerly calledSouth East Kowloon Development (東南九龍發展計劃),[1] refers to the redevelopment of the formerKai Tak Airport site inKai Tak, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
After the airport relocated toChek Lap Kok in 1998, the Hong Kong government planned for urban development on the old airport site. The plan calls for a multi-purpose sports complex, a metro park, theKai Tak Cruise Terminal, a hotel, a housing estate, and commercial and entertainment construction projects over an area of more than 328 hectares (810 acres). The plan also covered nearby development in areas includingMa Tau Wai,Kowloon City,San Po Kong,Kowloon Bay andKwun Tong.
The planned population is 86,000 people, accommodated in 30,000 housing units, including 13,000 constructed as part ofpublic housing estates. The total gross floor area is over 14,400,000 square feet (1,340,000 m2) with over 110 hectares (270 acres) of open space. The total cost for the development is about HK$100 billion.
After several years of planning and discussion, and the decision of a judicial review onCentral and Wan Chai Reclamation, the Hong Kong government restarted KTD review and planning in 2004.[2] TheExecutive Council passed the revised development plan and restarted the project. According to the development plan, the first stage projects were to be finished in or before 2013. The second stage projects were to be finished in or before 2016, and the final stage projects were to be completed in or before 2025.
TheHong Kong colonial government commissioned the "Study on Harbour Reclamations and Urban Growth" (海港填海及市區發展研究) in October 1983. It was a study for a proposed plan to address the urban development of Hong Kong. The government worked on the "Metroplan Selected Strategy" study (都會計劃選定策略研究) between 1987 and 1990. Its purpose was to provide a wide-ranging plan forurban renewal-focused land-use, transport andenvironmental planning. The studied areas includedWest Kowloon,Kai Tak and other regions. The study was passed by theExecutive Council on 17 September 1991. Afterwards, related government departments implemented the strategy according to the study.[3]
In 1998, the Planning Department undertook several studies on East Kowloon development. After several modifications, the land reclamation plan and the population plan were altered considerably.
This plan proposed the development of Kai Tak as a "City Within a City", covering 580 hectares (1,400 acres), including 300 hectares (740 acres) of reclaimed land. It proposed land development for residential, commercial and industrial use. The designated population of thisnew town was around 285,000. The development would also include a 7.9-hectare (20-acre) park and a 2.7-kilometre (1.7 mi) promenade. The proposed development included twoMTR connections, withDiamond Hill andKwun Tong.[4]
The study refocused the development as a "City Within a City" with territorial facilities. The site area and reclamation provisions remained the same as in the previous proposal. However, the designated population rose to 320,000 while the metropark was expanded to 50 hectares (120 acres). It was also the first plan to propose leisure facilities, such as a multi-purpose sports complex and aviation museum. Other facilities, including a hospital, rail yard, and post office were proposed. The MTR provisions were replaced by theSha Tin to Central Link.[4]
The study re-designated the Kai Tak Development as an "Environmentally Friendly City". In response to opinions on land reclamation, the authority reduced the reclamation area to 133 hectares (330 acres) while the overall site area declined to 460 hectares (1,100 acres). The new designated population is 26,0000. The metropark was to shrink to 24 hectares (59 acres) but the promenade would be extended to 5.4 kilometres (3.4 mi). It also first proposed acruise terminal. The MTR-centric strategy continued in the study, with the newEnvironmentally Friendly Linkage System proposal.
In June 2002, the Executive Council of Hong Kong approved Outline Zoning Plans (S/K19/3 and S/K21/3) for Kai Tak (North) and Kai Tak (South). Major development projects included theMTRSha Tin to Central Link depot on the original airport site, a multi-use stadium, a metro park, the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal with helicopter landing site at the end of former runway, and theCentral Kowloon Route. A new road: Trunk Road T2, paralleling theKwun Tong Bypass, will be built within the development area, allowing traffic to go directly toTseung Kwan O through theTseung Kwan O - Lam Tin Tunnel.
However, on 27 February 2003, the non-government organisationSociety for Protection of the Harbour applied for Judicial Review against the Town Planning Board. The Society believed that theWan Chai Development Phase II would violate theProtection of the Harbour Ordinance. The High Court's final judgement is against the Town Planning Board. The reclamation plan was suspended. The High Court's judgement raised three tests had to be satisfied for reclamation:
This judgement affected the reclamation plan within Kai Tak Development. In order to satisfy the three tests, the newHarbour-front Enhancement Committee was established for consultation on the reclamation in Wan Chai and Kai Tak. The committee, led by chairman Lee Chack-fan, was organised by six government officials and twenty-three members from different professional organisations, environmental organisations, harbour protection organisations and business merchants.[6]
Due to the High Court judgement, the Planning Department began the Kai Tak Planning Review with "no reclamation" as its principle. This was the final plan.[citation needed]
The first stage infrastructure projects are mostly completed and open. These are the first stage projects:[7]
The second stage infrastructure projects were expected to completed after 2016. These are the second stage projects:[7]
The final stage infrastructure projects are expected to completed after 2024. These are the final stage projects:
TheTuen Ma line involves construction of two stations within the KTD:Kai Tak station andSung Wong Toi station.
The Environmentally Friendly Linkage System (EFLS) is a monorail transportation system with 12 stations proposed by the government. It will cost around 1.2 billion Hong Kong dollars. The estimated passenger count is up to 200,000 in 2031. The system will account for 15 percent of the public transportation in the Kowloon East Development. The EFLS project is now headed by the Development Bureau with public consultation carried out by theCivil Engineering and Development Department. Construction was predicted to start in 2018 and to be completed in 2023, but was put on hold indefinitely.[10][11][12][13][14]
There is opposition to the monorail system and other proposing atram system (usingground-level power supply) as a more feasible alternative.[15]
Hong Kong'sRoute 6 is proposed to cross the KTD area, using theCentral Kowloon Route,Trunk Road T2 andTseung Kwan O–Lam Tin Tunnel. It will connectWest Kowloon,Kowloon East andTseung Kwan O.
Urban areas of Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Territories | |||||||||||
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| MHong Kong1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |  | ||||||||||
| MOld KowloonKL,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
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| MNew KowloonNKL,2,3,4,5,6,7,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
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| New Territories |
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Official place names are summarized from "Geoinfo Map" of Government ofHong Kong Special Administrative Region, "Hong Kong Guide" ofLands Department, "Hong Kong Guide Book" of Universal Publications Ltd. and "Areas and Districts" ofRating and Valuation Department. M：Narrow meaning of urban areas KL:Kowloon Peninsula at the south ofBoundary Street NKL: Former New Territories area at the north of Boundary Street and at the south ofLion Rock 1: Common definition (1) 2: Common definition (2) 3: Common definition (3) 4: Areas not adopting small house concessionary right ofindigenous inhabitants 5: Jurisdiction area of formerUrban Council 6: Definition of "Metropolitan Area" ofPlanning Department 7: Jurisdiction area ofUrban Renewal Authority 8: Unique operating area ofurban taxis 9: "Urban" (9a) and "Extended Urban" (9b) areas defined byHong Kong Housing Authority 10: Definition of Urbanrates 11: Hospital cluster belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 12: Police region belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 13: Regions having 999-year land lease 14:Geographical Constituency inHong Kong Legislative Council belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 15:Regional Education Office belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 16:Primary One Admission School Net belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon | |||||||||||
22°19′38″N114°11′52″E / 22.3272°N 114.1978°E /22.3272; 114.1978