 Kaggle logotype | |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Data science |
| Founded | April 2010 |
| Founder | |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, United States |
Key people |
|
| Products | Competitions, Kaggle Kernels, Kaggle Datasets, Kaggle Learn |
| Parent | Google (2017–present) |
| Website | kaggle |
Kaggle is adata science competition platform andonline community fordata scientists andmachine learning practitioners underGoogle LLC. Kaggle enables users to find and publish datasets, explore and build models in a web-based data science environment, work with other data scientists and machine learning engineers, and enter competitions to solve data science challenges.[1]
Kaggle was founded byAnthony Goldbloom in April 2010.[2]Jeremy Howard, one of the first Kaggle users, joined in November 2010 and served as the President and Chief Scientist.[3] Also on the team wasNicholas Gruen serving as the founding chair.[4] In 2011, the company raised $12.5 million andMax Levchin became the chairman.[5] On March 8, 2017,Fei-Fei Li, Chief Scientist at Google, announced thatGoogle was acquiring Kaggle.[6]
In June 2017, Kaggle surpassed 1 million registered users, and as of October 2023, it has over 15 million users in 194 countries.[7][8][9]
In 2022, founders Goldbloom and Hamner stepped down from their positions and D. Sculley became theCEO.[10]
In February 2023, Kaggle introduced Models, allowing users to discover and use pre-trained models through deep integrations with the rest of Kaggle’s platform.[11]
In April 2025, Kaggle partnered withWikimedia Foundation.[12]
Manymachine-learning competitions have been run on Kaggle since the company was founded. Notable competitions include gesture recognition forMicrosoft Kinect,[13] making afootballAI forManchester City, coding a trading algorithm forTwo Sigma Investments,[14] and improving the search for theHiggs boson atCERN.[15]
The competition host prepares the data and a description of the problem; the host may choose whether it's going to be rewarded with money or be unpaid. Participants experiment with different techniques and compete against each other to produce the best models. Work is shared publicly through Kaggle Kernels to achieve a better benchmark and to inspire new ideas. Submissions can be made through Kaggle Kernels, via manual upload or using the KaggleAPI. For most competitions, submissions are scored immediately (based on their predictive accuracy relative to a hidden solution file) and summarized on a live leaderboard. After the deadline passes, the competition host pays the prize money in exchange for "a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable and royalty-free license [...] to use the winning Entry", i.e. the algorithm, software and relatedintellectual property developed, which is "non-exclusive unless otherwise specified".[16]
Alongside its public competitions, Kaggle also offers private competitions, which are limited to Kaggle's top participants. Kaggle offers a free tool for data science teachers to run academic machine-learning competitions.[17] Kaggle also hosts recruiting competitions in which data scientists compete for a chance to interview at leading data science companies likeFacebook,Winton Capital, andWalmart.
Kaggle's competitions have resulted in successful projects such as furtheringHIV research,[18]chess ratings[19] andtraffic forecasting.[20]Geoffrey Hinton and George Dahl used deepneural networks to win a competition hosted byMerck.[citation needed] Vlad Mnih (one of Hinton's students) used deep neural networks to win a competition hosted byAdzuna.[citation needed] This resulted in the technique being taken up by others in the Kaggle community. Tianqi Chen from theUniversity of Washington also used Kaggle to show the power ofXGBoost, which has since replacedRandom Forest as one of the main methods used to win Kaggle competitions.[citation needed]
Several academic papers have been published based on findings from Kaggle competitions.[21] A contributor to this is the live leaderboard, which encourages participants to continue innovating beyond existing best practices.[22] The winning methods are frequently written on the Kaggle Winner's Blog.
Kaggle has implemented a progression system to recognize and reward users based on their contributions and achievements within the platform. This system consists of five tiers: Novice, Contributor, Expert, Master, and Grandmaster. Each tier is achieved by meeting specific criteria in competitions, datasets, kernels (code-sharing), and discussions.[23]
The highest tier, Kaggle Grandmaster, is awarded to users who have ranked at the top of multiple competitions including high ranking in a solo team. As of April 2, 2025, out of 23.29 million Kaggle accounts, 2,973 have achieved Kaggle Master status and 612 have achieved Kaggle Grandmaster status.[24]
Kaggle includes a free, browser-basedonline integrated development environment, called Kaggle Notebooks, designed fordata science andmachine learning. Users can write and execute code inPython orR, import datasets, use popular libraries, and train models onCPUs,GPUs, orTPUs directly in the cloud. This environment is often used for competition submissions, tutorials, education, and exploratorydata analysis.[25][26]
