Similarly, ajury mast is a replacementmast after adismasting.[2] If necessary, ayard would also be fashioned andstayed to allow a watercraft to resume makingway.
TheOxford English Dictionary states thatjury-mast is "Of unknown origin", adding "Apparently either a corruption of some earlier name, or a jocular appellation invented by sailors. For the suggestion that it may have been short for injury-mast, no supporting evidence has been found." It defines it as "Nautical: A temporary mast put up in place of one that has been broken or carried away." and the earliest citation given is from 1616, with the spellinglury mast.[3]
The 1881 edition ofBrewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable definesJury Mast as "A corruption ofjoury mast, i.e. a mast for the day, a temporary mast, being a spar used for the nonce when the mast has been carried away. (French,jour, a day)",[4] but the 1970 Centenary Edition of the same work states that "the etymology of 'jury' here is a matter of surmise".[5] A further suggested derivation is from the old Frenchajurie (aid).[6]
Asail-powered boat may carry a limited amount of repair materials, from which some form of jury-rig can be fashioned. Additionally, anything salvageable, such as aspar orspinnaker pole, could be adapted to carry a makeshiftsail.
Ships typically carried a selection of spare parts such astopmasts. However, due to their much larger size, at up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, the lower masts were too large to carry as spares. Example jury-rig configurations include:
Thebowsprit set upright and tied to the stump of the original mast.
Thejury mast knot may provide anchor points for securing makeshiftstays andshrouds to support a jury mast, although there is differing evidence of the knot's actual historical use.[7][8][9]
Jury-rigs are not limited to sail-powered boats. Anyunpowered watercraft can carry jury sail. Arudder,tiller, or any other component can be jury-rigged by improvising a repair out of materials at hand.[1]
Jerry-built things, which are things 'built unsubstantially of bad materials', has a separate unknown etymology. It is probably linked to earlier pejorative uses of the wordjerry, attested as early as 1721, and may have been influenced byjury-rigged.[10][11][12] The blended termsjerry rigging andjerry-rigged are also common.[13][14]
Afro engineering (short forAfrican engineering)[15] ornigger-rigging[16] is a highly offensive term[17] for a fix that is temporary, done quickly, technically improperly, or without attention to or care for detail. It can also be shoddy, second-rate workmanship, with whatever available materials.[18]Nigger-rigging originated in the 1950s United States;[15] the term waseuphemized asafro engineering in the 1970s[16][19] and later again asghetto rigging. The terms have been used in the U.S.auto mechanic industry to describe quick makeshift repairs.[20] These phrases have largely fallen out of common usage due to their highly offensive nature.
The American expressionredneck technology similarly refers to crude forms of technology, often hastily or poorly finished, but broadly functional.[21]
ToMacGyver (orMacGyverize) something is to rig up something in a hurry using materials at hand, from the title character of the American television show of the same name, who specialized in such improvisation stunts.[22]
In New Zealand, having aNumber 8 wire mentality means to have the ability to make or repair something using any materials at hand, such as standard farm fencing wire.[23]
In British slang,bodge andbodging refer to doing a job serviceably but inelegantly using whatever tools and materials are at hand; the term derives frombodging, for expedientwoodturning using unseasoned, green wood (especially branches recently removed from a nearby tree).
The chiefly English termdo-it-yourself (DIY) relatedly refers to creating, repairing, or modifying things without professional or expert assistance.
Similar concepts in other languages include:jugaad in Hindi andjugaar in Urdu,urawaza (裏技) in Japanese,tapullo inGenoese dialect,tǔ fǎ (土法) in Chinese,Trick 17 in German,desenrascar in Portuguese andgambiarra inBrazilian Portuguese,degaje in Haitian Creole,système D in French,jua kali inSwahili. Several equivalent terms in South Africa aren boer maak 'n plan inAfrikaans,izenzele inZulu,iketsetse inSotho, anditirele inTswana.[24]
^Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1881)."Jury Mast".Dictionary of phrase and fable. J.B. Lippincott. p. 468.
^Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1977). "Jury mast". In Evans, Ivor H. (ed.).Brewer's dictionary of phrase and fable (Centenary ed.). London: Cassell. p. 599.ISBN0304935700.
^Israel, Mark (29 September 1997)."jerry-built" / "jury-rigged".www.Yaelf.com. alt.usage.english Word Origins FAQ. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved28 February 2013.
^William Morris; Mary Morris (1988).Morris Dictionary of Words and Phrase Origins, 2nd Edition. New York:HarperCollins. pp. 321–322.
^Wilton, Dave."jerry-built / jury rig".www.WordOrigins.org. Word Origins.org. Archived fromthe original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved28 February 2013.
^Jackson, Shirley A. (2015).Routledge International Handbook of Race, Class, and Gender.Routledge. Intersections of discourse: Racetalk and class talk.ISBN978-0-415-63271-3 – via Google Books.'I can't even nigger-rig it.' ... 'The proper terminology is Afro-engineering.' Here, blackness is demarcated in a classed way. 'Nigger-rigging' is a quick, temporary fix to a problem, but it is a solution that is second rate to the 'right' way. ... declares that this type of knowledge is racialized and classed in a way that deems it inherently inferior. ... implies that black ingenuity and innovation as sub-par and second rate to white ingenuity and innovation. ... By responding indirectly ... consents to this classed usage of the word 'nigger'. Not only does this trivialize whether the slur's usage is inappropriate in the first place, but it equates 'nigger-rigging' with 'Afro-engineering'. ... denotes these terms as synonymous, thus imposing an even more classed meaning to this racial slur.
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