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Junín | |
|---|---|
 View of theAndes Mountains | |
 Flag  Seal | |
.svg) Location of the Junín Region in Peru | |
| Coordinates:11°29′S74°59′W / 11.48°S 74.98°W /-11.48; -74.98 | |
| Country | Peru |
| Subdivisions | 9 provinces and 123 districts |
| Capital | Huancayo |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Zósimo Cárdenas Muje (2023–actuality) |
| Area | |
• Total | 44,197.23 km2 (17,064.65 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 4,818 m (15,807 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
• Total | 1,246,038 |
| • Density | 28/km2 (73/sq mi) |
| UBIGEO | 12 |
| Dialing code | 064 |
| ISO 3166 code | PE-JUN |
| Principal resources | Potato, coffee, fruit, silver, zinc, lead. |
| Website | www.regionjunin.gob.pe |
Junín (Spanish pronunciation:[xuˈnin]) is adepartment andregion in the centralhighlands and westernmostPeruvian Amazon. Its capital isHuancayo.
The region has a very heterogeneoustopography. The westernrange located near the border with theLima Region, has snowy and ice-covered peaks. On the east, there are high glacier valleys which end up in highplateaus (Altiplano). Among them is theJunín Plateau that is located between the cities ofLa Oroya andCerro de Pasco.
TheMantaro Valley becomes wider before Jauja up to the limit with theHuancavelica Region. This area concentrates a large share of the region's population. Towards the east, near thejungle, there is an abundance of narrow and deepcanyons, with highly inclined hillsides, covered by woods under low-lying clouds.
TheWaytapallana mountain range is located in the south central area of the region. This range holds a great fault which is the reason earthquakes happen in the area. The upperjungle, with valleys of great length, modelled by the Tulumayu, Pawqartampu,Perené andEne rivers, is located on the eastern side of the region.
Lake Junin, the largestlake entirely within Peru, is located in the region, except for its northernmost tip which belongs to thePasco Region. Junín Region is also home toMount Toromocho.
It is rich in minerals, including silver, copper, mercury, bismuth, molybdenum, lead and coal.[1]
The Junín Region borders the regions ofPasco in the north,Ucayali in the northeast andCusco in the east. TheMantaro River marks the border of the region with theAyacucho andHuancavelica regions in the south and in the west it is bordered by theLima Region.
The Junín Region has an average annual temperature of 13.1 °C (56 °F), a maximum high of 17 °C (62 °F) and a minimum low of 0 °C (32 °F).
Therainy season runs from November to April, and from December to March intropical areas.
The region is divided into nine provinces (Spanish:provincias, singular:provincia), which are composed of 123 districts (distritos, singular:distrito). The provinces and their capitals are:
| Province | Seat |  |
|---|---|---|
| Chanchamayo | Chanchamayo | |
| Chupaca | Chupaca | |
| Concepción | Concepción | |
| Huancayo | Huancayo | |
| Jauja | Jauja | |
| Junín | Junín | |
| Satipo | Satipo | |
| Tarma | Tarma | |
| Yauli | La Oroya |
According to the2007 Peru Census, the language learnt first by most of the residents wasSpanish (86.63%) followed byQuechua (9.29%). The Quechua varieties spoken in Junín areHuanca Quechua (in the Southwest),Yaru Quechua (in the Northwest, especially inTarma Province). The following table shows the results concerning the language learnt first in the Junín Region by province:[2]
| Province | Quechua | Aymara | Asháninka | Another native language | Spanish | Foreign language | Deaf or mute | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chupaca | 3,162 | 17 | 9 | 135 | 45,616 | 2 | 80 | 49,021 |
| Concepción | 3,986 | 18 | 8 | 47 | 52,293 | 5 | 113 | 56,470 |
| Chanchamayo | 14,723 | 131 | 5,965 | 729 | 136,580 | 17 | 201 | 158,346 |
| Huancayo | 52,904 | 286 | 119 | 494 | 386,622 | 84 | 428 | 440,937 |
| Jauja | 1,903 | 33 | 11 | 10 | 84,776 | 3 | 170 | 86,906 |
| Junín | 4,418 | 24 | 2 | 6 | 24,254 | - | 20 | 28,724 |
| Satipo | 18,433 | 264 | 30,945 | 6,148 | 122,661 | 19 | 186 | 178,656 |
| Tarma | 5,657 | 24 | 9 | 57 | 100,309 | 11 | 150 | 106,217 |
| Yauli | 1,826 | 21 | 4 | 37 | 45,050 | 6 | 36 | 46,980 |
| Total | 107,012 | 818 | 37,072 | 7,663 | 998,161 | 147 | 1,384 | 1,152,257 |
| % | 9.29 | 0.07 | 3.22 | 0.67 | 86.63 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 100.00 |
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Until the arrival of theIncas the eastern plains of the Junín region, known in Quechua as "Pampas," were inhabited by theYanesha' and theAsháninka people, who lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and tended to be hostile towards outsiders. Meanwhile, the southwestern Mantaro Valley was inhabited by theHuancas.Sapa IncaPachacuti conquered this region in 1460, bringing it under the domain of theInca Empire.Huancayo became the region's main highway rest stop on the Inca Trail.
Woolen mills (known in Spanish as "obrajes" or "mills") were created during the viceroyalty, where the tissue and its craft became a tradition that continues today. On September 13, 1825,Simón Bolívar issued a decree creating what is now the Junín Region, to commemorate his victory in theBattle of Junín, the last real cavalry charge in South America where no shot was fired. Major events of national importance occurred during this period: Huancayo hosted the Assembly that issued the 1839 Constitution and on December 3, 1854,Ramón Castilla signed a decree that granted freedom toAfro-Peruvian slaves.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Junin".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 556.Peru'sLima Province is not part of any region. |
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