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Manifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation

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Political manifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation
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Photo of the PKWN Manifesto
A propaganda photo of a citizen reading the PKWN Manifesto.

TheManifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation, also known as theJuly Manifesto (Polish:Manifest lipcowy) or thePKWN Manifesto (Manifest PKWN), was a politicalmanifesto of thePolish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN), aSoviet-backed administration, which operated in opposition to theLondon-basedPolish government in exile.[1][2]

It was officially proclaimed inChełm on 22 July 1944,[3][4] and shortly after, its text was personally amended byJoseph Stalin in Moscow, before being printed there as well. Printing in Poland was staged for the media by the Soviets.

Contents

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The manifesto was addressed to the Polish nation at that time: individuals both withinNazi-occupied Poland, and thosein exile abroad due to the ongoingWorld War II. It was arranged into thirteen main points. Among and within these points:

  • It declares the legitimacy of the comingState National Council, a Soviet-backed administration composed ofpopulists,democrats,socialists,communists and other organisations. It then denounces the London-based Polish government in exile, the one ousted by theNazi-Soviet military takeover at the outbreak of World War II.
  • It condemns thePolish Constitution of 1935 which was unlawful andfascist and claims theConstitution of 1921 is the only current legal constitution. The State National Council will operate on the 1921 Constitution, until a new one can be written by newSejm legislators in futuredirect,popular, free,elections bysecret ballot.
  • It urges support of the Polish people for thePeople's Army and theRed Army, by capturing and turning in weapons, ammunition and supplies, and providing any intelligence or information, and doing their part in the fight againstGermany.
  • It acknowledges that for 400 years there has been sustained, mutually-detrimental conflict betweenPoles and theUkrainians,Belarusians, andRussians, but their alliance, common cause and side-by-side fighting in the war should solidify a lasting strong, friendly, mutually-beneficial alliance between Poland and the Soviet Union.
  • It calls for further fight for return to Poland of theUpper Silesia,East Prussia andPomerania up to the border on theOder river and for the wide access to the sea.
  • It calls for negotiation of the Polish-Soviet and Polish-Czechoslovak borders to be reached by mutual agreement, where Polish land will belong to Poland, but Ukrainian, Belarusian and Lithuanian lands to respective Soviet republics.
  • It calls for continued alliance with the United Kingdom and the United States, based on blood shed against a common enemy, and also maintaining Poland's traditional alliance with France and continued co-operation with the democratic countries of the world. It states that going forward, Polish government policy will bedemocratic and based on collective security.
  • Reparations will be demanded from Germany for Polish losses.
  • It claims for PKWN authority to extend to all liberated Polish territory, and asks Polish patriots in areas where the PKWN does not exercise authority to democratically elect members to participate in the PKWN.
  • It calls for the creation of a new police force, theCitizen's Militia, as a solution to lack of order caused by the removal of the Polish Police of theGeneral Government, the so-calledBlue Police.
  • It promises that Germanwar criminals and Polish traitors will receive quick justice in independent courts.
  • It offers promise of restoration of democratic freedoms, equality of all citizens without distinction ofrace,religion, ornationality, freedom of political organisations, unions,press andconscience. Fascist organisations will be repressed to fullest extent of the law.
  • Property stolen by the Germans will be returned to individual citizens, institutions, and the church. German assets will be confiscated. National assets reclaimed from the German Reich and individual Germancapitalists will be put under the Interim National Management Board.
  • To speed up national reconstruction, broadland reform will be enacted in liberated territories.
  • Minimum wages will be raised, and asocial security will be instituted, based on the principal of democratic self-government
  • Free,universal,compulsory education, and the Polishintelligentsia will be rebuilt.
  • Steps will be taken to encourage and organiseimmigration of Poles back to Poland, but the borders will be closed toNational Socialist agents and organisers of theInvasion of Poland (1939).
  • It places an appeal to national unity, without which it would be impossible to accomplish the monumental task of liberating Poland, winning the war, acquiring a dignified place for Poland among the nations of the world and rebuilding a destroyed country.
  • It urges the Polish people to do everything possible to liberate the country and defeat the Germans.

The manifesto ends with a call to arms:

"To the fight! To arms!
Long live the united Polish Army, fighting for the freedom of Poland!
Long live the allied Red Army, carrying out the liberation of Poland!
Long live our great allies - the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States of America!
Long live national unity!
Long live the State National Council - the representation of the fighting people!
Long live free, strong, independent, sovereign and democratic Poland!"

References

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  1. ^Górski, Grzegorz (2014-11-20)."Political Foundations of the Communist Poland 1944-1945".Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations.1 (1):5–11.doi:10.2478/conc-2014-0001.ISSN 2391-5536. Retrieved2025-02-23.
  2. ^Chmielewska, Katarzyna; Mrozik, Agnieszka; Wołowiec, Grzegorz (2021-04-30).Reassessing Communism. Budapest, Hungary New York, NY: Central European University Press. p. 95-96.ISBN 978-963-386-379-4.
  3. ^"On this Day, in 1944: the Polish Committee of National Liberation was proclaimed".Kafkadesk. 2021-07-22. Retrieved2025-02-23.
  4. ^"Research Guides: Polish-American Relations, 1918 to Present: Manuscript Resources at the Library of Congress: A Brief Timeline of Modern Polish History".Research Guides at Library of Congress. 2018-11-27. Retrieved2025-02-23.

See also

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