Julian Filipowicz | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1895-09-13)13 September 1895 |
| Died | 14 August 1945(1945-08-14) (aged 49) |
| Allegiance |  Austria-Hungary Poland Polish Underground State |
| Branch | Polish Legions Austro-Hungarian Army Polish Armed Forces Home Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1945 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment 3rd Regiment of Horse Rifles "Crown Hetman Stefan Czarniecki" [pl] Wołyńska Cavalry Brigade |
| Battles / wars | World War I Polish–Ukrainian War Polish Soviet War World War II |
Julian Filipowicz (13 September 1895 – 14 August 1945) was a major general of thePolish Armed Forces[1] and a commander of theHome Army in the Kraków-Silesia Area. He was also a commander of theService for Poland's Victory in the Kraków area and inspector of the main headquarters of theUnion of Armed Struggle and Home Army.[2]
Filipowicz was born on 13 September 1895 inLemberg, in the family of Antoni and Justyna Derpowska. He was the brother ofPaweł Piotr [pl] andTadeusz Justyn [pl], lieutenant colonels of artillery; in 1940 both would be victims of theKatyn massacre.[3]
In 1913, he graduated from a real school in Lemberg,[4] then a student of the local polytechnic.[1]
After the outbreak of World War I, he joined thePolish Legions from August 1914 to July 1917, where he fought in the1st Uhlans Regiment. From 5 February to 31 March 1917 he was a student of the cavalry officer course at the 1st Uhlans' regiment inOstrołęka. He completed the course with a very good result. At that time, he had the rank of chief chief's.[5] On 23 July 1917, after theOath crisis,[1] he became a member of the Polish Auxiliary Corps in Galicia.[4]
In September of the same year, he was arrested on suspicion of agitation and spent two months in a prison inPrzemyśl. After his release, he was drafted into the 8th Uhlans of the Austrian Army, stationed in Transylvania. In June 1918 he was granted leave, then deserted and joined thePolish Military Organization in the Lublin region.[4]
During his stay in Lemberg in November 1918, he joined the unit of CaptainMieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz as soon as thePolish–Ukrainian War broke out. On 15 November, he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant. From December 1918 to May 1919, he served in the intelligence service of the 4th field artillery regiment on the Ukrainian front. In June, he was transferred to the11th Legions Uhlan Regiment as a squadron commander in thePolish–Soviet War. Already in October, he was sent to the Officers' School of Driving, after graduating in April 1920, he became an instructor and liaison at the Ukrainian 6th Division. In July of the same year, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. In August, he returned to his home 11th Uhlans as a squadron commander.[4]
After the end of the war, he remained in the 11th Regiment as a squadron commander. From 15 August 1924, after being promoted to the rank of major, he was the commander of the NCO school in his regiment. During theMay Coup, he sent the regiment to Warsaw in emergency mode, where he supportedPiłsudski's units.[4] On 23 May 1927, he was appointed deputy regiment commander.[6]In the years 1928–1930 he was a student of theWyższa Szkoła Wojenna inWarsaw. On 1 November 1930, after completing the course and obtaining a certified officer diploma, he was appointed commander of the7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment inMińsk Mazowiecki.[6] On 4 July 1935, he took command of the 3rd regiment of mounted rifles inWołkowysk.[7]
In June 1939, he was entrusted with the command of theWołyńska Cavalry Brigade inRówne. He led the brigade during theSeptember Campaign, passing the combat route from Mokra through Warsaw to theBattle of Tomaszów Lubelski.[3]
On 23 September 1939, he disbanded the remnants of his unit and, in civilian clothes, made his way toWarsaw, where he joined thePolish Underground State in underground activities of theService for Poland's Victory. At the beginning of 1940, he was arrested by theGestapo and imprisoned in thePawiak prison, from which he escaped on 10 May 1940, hidden in a garbage truck.[4]
After his escape and convalescence, he became the head of the Kraków District, which he commanded until March 1941 when he was re-arrested and imprisoned atMontelupich Prison, where he was tortured during interrogations. As he was tortured and unconscious, he was mistakenly pronounced dead and taken to the morgue, from which he escaped after regaining consciousness.[4] He contractedtuberculosis while in prison and while escaping, evacuated toOtwock where he was placed in a private guesthouse near a pulmonary sanatorium. Due to his inability to return to Kraków, he was appointed commander of the Białystok AK district. Due to serious illness, he did not manage to take up a new position; he was put on leave and transferred to the personnel reserve. On 15 August 1942, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general at the request of the Commander-in-Chief of the Home Army.[4]
Before theWarsaw Uprising, he was appointed to the headquarters of the Home Army Headquarters, but he did not come because the Red Army entered. Due to the diseases he acquired, he developed lung cancer. He died on 14 August 1945 in Otwock[4] as a result of a tumor-induced hemorrhage and was buried at the local parish cemetery (sector V-15-353c).[1][8] At the request of the Minister of National Defense, President of the Republic of PolandAndrzej Duda, by a decision of 11 July 2019, appointed him posthumously to the rank of Major General.[9]
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