Jules Bianchi was born in Nice, France, to Philippe[5] and Christine Bianchi.[6] He had two siblings,[7] and was the godfather of future Formula One driverCharles Leclerc.[8]
Bianchi was the grandson ofMauro Bianchi, who competed inGT racing during the 1960s and three non-championship Formula One Grands Prix in1961. He was also the grandnephew ofLucien Bianchi, who competed in 19Formula One Grands Prix between1959 and1968 and 13 consecutive24 Hours of Le Mans (1956–1968), finishing 1st in Class three times at Le Mans, including the overall win at the1968 24 Hours of Le Mans,[9][10] before dying during Le Mans testing the following year.
Bianchi's exposure to motorsport started at around 3 years of age throughkarting and was facilitated by the fact that his father owned a kart track.[11] Since age 17, Bianchi was professionally managed byNicolas Todt.[5][12]
Bianchi drove for ART in the subsequentGP2 Asia season and the2010 GP2 season.[19] He competed in three of the four rounds of the GP2 Asia championship.[20] In the main series, Bianchi took two pole positions and a number of points positions before he was injured in a first-lap crash at theHungaroring.[21] In the feature race, he spun into the path of the field exiting the first corner, and was struck head-on byHo-Pin Tung, sustaining a fractured secondlumbar vertebra in the process.[22] Bianchi was fourth in the drivers' championship at the time of his injury. Despite initial pessimistic assessments of the severity of his injury, he recovered to take part in the next round of the championship.[23]
Bianchi remained with ART for 2011, and was partnered by2010GP3 Series championEsteban Gutiérrez. He starred in the first two rounds of the2011GP2 Asia Series, holding offRomain Grosjean for victory in the feature race[24] and gaining fourth in the sprint race,[25] but he was later penalised.[26] He finished runner-up to Grosjean in the drivers' championship.[27] In themain series, Bianchi finished third in the championship, behind Grosjean andLuca Filippi.[5]
On 11 November 2010 he was confirmed by Ferrari as the team's test and reserve driver for the2011 season, replacingLuca Badoer,Giancarlo Fisichella andMarc Gené, as well as confirming he would test for the team during the young driver test inAbu Dhabi over 16–17 November.[34] Bianchi carried on his GP2 racing, as Formula 1 allows test and reserve drivers to race in parallel in other competitions. On 13 September 2011, Bianchi tested for Ferrari atFiorano, as part of theFerrari Driver Academy, with fellow academy member andSauber F1 driverSergio Pérez. Bianchi completed 70 laps and recorded a quickest lap time of 1:00.213.[35] For the2012 season, Ferrari loaned him to the Sahara Force India team, for whom he drove in nine Friday free practice sessions over the course of the year as the outfit's test and reserve driver.[36]
On 1 March 2013, Marussia announced that Bianchi was to replaceLuiz Razia as a race driver after Razia's contract was terminated, due to sponsorship issues.[37] Bianchi qualified 19th for theAustralian Grand Prix, out-qualifying team-mateMax Chilton by three-quarters of a second. Bianchi overtookPastor Maldonado andDaniel Ricciardo on the first lap, and he eventually finished 15th on his debut.[38] He was 19th on the grid again in Malaysia, 0.3 seconds away from Q2. Bianchi fell behind the Caterhams at the start of the race, but moved up the order after the pit stops, eventually going on to finish 13th, ahead of his teammate, and bothCaterhams.[39] As of theHungarian Grand Prix, Bianchi had beaten his teammate in all qualifying sessions and all races that both of them had finished.[40] In theJapanese Grand Prix he andCharles Pic ofCaterham were given ten-place grid penalties for receiving three reprimands over the season, and at the race, his race ended early after a collision withGiedo van der Garde.[41]
In October 2013, Marussia confirmed that Bianchi would stay at the team for the following season.[42] After starting off the season with struggles inAustralia, in which he was not classified, Bianchi overcame the odds to score his – and his team's – first World Championship points by finishing ninth at theMonaco Grand Prix.[1][43]
Out of the nine races which Bianchi and Chilton completed without retiring, during the 2014 season, he was the quicker driver in eight of them, establishing his status as the first driver.[44][45] Chilton retired twice, and Bianchi five times, with three of Bianchi's retirements being mechanical failures.
Days before his fatal accident, Bianchi declared himself "ready" to step into theScuderia Ferrari race seat should the team need him amid the looming departure ofFernando Alonso.[46]
On lap 42 of the scheduled 53-lap race,Adrian Sutil'sSauber spun out of control and crashed in the run-off area on the outside of the Dunlop Curve (turn seven). On lap 43, Bianchi did not slow down enough to avoid losing control while approaching thedouble waved yellow flags near the Dunlop Curve, lost control of his car, and veered right – directly towards the same spot where the Sauber had stopped. Bianchi collided with the rear of awheel loader that was tending to the removal of Sutil's car.[47] Spectators' video footage and photographs of the accident revealed that the left side of Bianchi's Marussia car was extensively damaged and theroll bar destroyed as it slid under the wheel loader. The impact was such that the wheel loader was partially jolted off the ground, causing Sutil's Sauber, which was suspended in the air by the crane, to fall back to the ground.[48] The race was stopped on lap 44, andLewis Hamilton was declared the winner.
Bianchi was reported as being unconscious after not responding to either a team radio call ormarshals. He was treated at the crash site before being taken by ambulance to the circuit's medical centre. Since transport by helicopter was not possible due to poor weather conditions,[49] Bianchi was further transported by ambulance, for 32 minutes[50] under police escort. The destination was the nearest hospital, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center inYokkaichi, which was 15 km (9.3 mi) away from the Suzuka circuit.[51][52][53] Initial reports by his father to television channelFrance 3, were that Bianchi was in critical condition with a head injury and was undergoing an operation to reduce severe bruising to his head.[54] TheFIA subsequently said thatCT scans showed Bianchi suffered a "severe head injury" in the crash, and that he would be admitted tointensive care following surgery.[55][56]
Among his first hospital visitors immediately after the Grand Prix were Marussia's CEOGraeme Lowdon and team principalJohn Booth (the latter staying by Bianchi's side even after the inaugural Russian Grand Prix), as well as Ferrari's team principalMarco Mattiacci and fellow driverFelipe Massa.
Bianchi's parents arrived on 6 October and were joined, three days later, by their other children as well as Bianchi's best friend Lorenzo Leclerc, the older brother of his godsonCharles.[7] The family released a statement the next day, expressing appreciation for the outpouring of support from the public and for the presence of Professor Gerard Saillant, president of the FIA Medical Commission, and Professor Alessandro Frati, neurosurgeon of theSapienza University of Rome, who travelled to Japan at the request ofScuderia Ferrari. They also provided a medical update, confirming that the injury suffered was adiffuse axonal injury and that Bianchi was in a critical but stable condition.[57][58][59]
Initial media reports in October 2014—said to be based on information obtained fromFédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) documents—claimed that the speed at the moment of loss of control was recorded at 212 km/h (132 mph)[60] and that the impact generated92 g0 (900 m/s2).[61] This data had been sourced from Bianchi's g-sensors in his earplugs; however, it was understood that these slipped out at a crucial moment.[62]
Subsequent calculations in July 2015 indicated a peak of254 g0 (2,490 m/s2) and data from the FIA's World Accident Database (WADB)—which sources information from racing accidents worldwide—also indicate Bianchi's impact occurred 2.61 seconds after the loss of control, at a speed of 123 km/h (76 mph) and at an angle of 55 degrees. According to Andy Mellor, Vice President of the FIA Safety Commission, this is the equivalent of "dropping a car 48 metres (157 ft) to the ground without a crumple zone".[62]
At the inauguralRussian Grand Prix, one week after the accident, Marussia originally registeredAlexander Rossi in place of the hospitalised Bianchi, before finally deciding to field only a single car driven byMax Chilton.[63]
There were several tributes at the race to show support for Bianchi:
Marussia adopted a "#JB17" livery on the cockpit sides of itsMR03 car (which continued to be used in the subsequent year).[64]
Every driver wore a sticker on their helmet saying "Tous avec Jules #17" ("We're all with Jules #17"),[65] being an idea championed by fellow French driver,Jean-Éric Vergne.[66]
The drivers held a one-minute silence in honour of Bianchi just beforethe next race.[67]
The day after theJapanese Grand Prix, then-outgoing Ferrari president,Luca di Montezemolo, disclosed to the media that Bianchi had been poised to become the third Ferrari driver in 2015 if the championship moved to three-car teams, as had widely been speculated at the time.[69]
Following the Russian Grand Prix, Marussia's CEO Graeme Lowdon confirmed that the team would return to a two-car operation for the remainder of the season, however, the team enteredadministration prior to the next race, theUnited States Grand Prix.[70][71][72] The team's financial backer, Andrei Cheglakov, later revealed that Bianchi's crash was a key factor in the Russian's decision to end his financial support of the team and quit Formula One.[73]
After the2015 Australian Grand Prix in March, John Booth, now team principal of the newly establishedManor Marussia F1 team, paid tribute to Bianchi's point performance at the 2014 Monaco Grand Prix since the prize money won enabled the team to stay in Formula One.[74] In addition, coinciding with theMonaco Grand Prix, Manor Marussia continued to show support for Bianchi with special red wristbands inscribed with "Monaco 2014 P8 JB17".[75][76]
Following Bianchi's accident, the FIA began an investigation and also considered appropriate changes to safety procedures, such as those at theBrazilian Grand Prix, where the location of a tractor crane serving the SennaS chicane was altered.
The FIA released its initial findings at a special conference held during the inaugural Russian Grand Prix on the Saturday after the Japanese Grand Prix weekend. Among other things, it was revealed that Bianchi had slowed down at Suzuka's Turn 7, but without disclosing by what margin or the speed of impact, and that the journey to the hospital by ambulance took only an extra 37 minutes relative to the helicopter, without any adverse effects on Bianchi's condition.
Further, the FIA confirmed ongoing research into closed cockpits for Formula One cars, the possibility of fitting protective skirting to all recovery vehicles, as well as ways to slow down cars in crash zones more effectively than double yellow flags. With respect to the latter, the FIA moved to quickly consider the introduction of avirtual safety car – or VSC system – which was then tested during the season's final three Grands Prix in theUnited States,Brazil andAbu Dhabi – based on a Le Mans racing "slow zone" arrangement that does not neutralise race proceedings as much as safety car periods.[77]
The following week, the FIA reportedly emailed all teams to request that they retain any information related to Bianchi's Suzuka accident, for exclusive use by an accident panel established by the FIA to investigate Bianchi's accident.[78]
One week later the FIA announced a review panel to investigate the cause of the accident, which was made up of former drivers and team principals,[79] and published its findings four weeks later.[80] The report found that there was no single cause of Bianchi's accident. Instead, the contributing factors were found to include track conditions, car speed and the presence of a recovery vehicle on the circuit.[81] The report also made several suggestions to improve safety when recovering stricken vehicles — which were subsequently introduced for the2015 season — before concluding that it would not have been possible to mitigate Bianchi's injuries through changes to the cockpit design. The report also revealed that Bianchi pressed both the throttle and brake which should shut off power to the engine. However, Marussia's uniquely designed brake-by-wire system was found to be incompatible with the FailSafe so the engine was not shut off. Despite this, Marussia was not found to be responsible for the accident.[81]
For the 2015 season, on safety grounds, the FIA also implemented measures requiring that no race can start less than 4 hours before sunset or dusk, except in the case of official night races. The revised regulations affected the start time ofAustralian,Malaysian,Chinese,Japanese andRussian Grands Prix.[82]
In July 2015, Peter Wright, the chairman of the FIA Safety Commission, was quoted as saying that a closed cockpit would not have averted Bianchi's head injuries, while the Vice President, Andy Mellow, also confirmed that attaching impact protection to recovery vehicles was not a feasible solution.[62]
The first family update following Bianchi's emergency surgery was made by his father in the week beginning 13 October 2014. Bianchi was reported to be in a "desperate" condition, with doctors describing his survival as a miracle. Even so, the father openly stated that he drew hope fromMichael Schumacher waking from his coma.[83] Marussia also issued regular updates on Bianchi's condition while rejecting initial speculation about their role in the accident.[84]
While hospitalised in Yokkaichi, Bianchi remained in a critical but stable condition, and required amedical ventilator.[85][86][87] He was taken out of his artificial coma in November 2014 and began breathing unaided, making his relocation to France for admission at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU) possible.[88] There, Bianchi remained unconscious and in a critical condition but more accessible to his family for their daily vigil.[89][90] On 13 July 2015, Bianchi's father publicly conceded becoming "less optimistic" as a consequence of no significant progress and the lapse of time since the accident.[91]
In their official statement, Bianchi's family said:[95][96]
It is with deep sadness that the parents of Jules Bianchi, Philippe and Christine, his brother Tom and sister Mélanie, wish to make it known that Jules passed away last night at theCentre Hospitalier Universitaire in Nice. Jules fought to the end, as he has always done, but yesterday his battle ended. We feel an immense and indescribable pain.
In May 2016 it was announced that Bianchi's family planned to take legal action against the FIA, Bianchi's Marussia team, andBernie Ecclestone's Formula One Group.[99]
Widespread tributes followed from fellow past and present drivers,Bernie Ecclestone, French presidentFrançois Hollande, and other sports personalities.[100] The Manor Marussia team also published a statement on their Facebook page describing Bianchi as, among other things, "a magnificent human being" and a "shining talent".[100]
TheGrand Prix Drivers' Association announced that it felt a responsibility "to never relent in improving safety".[101] FIA presidentJean Todt also announced that race number 17 would be retired from the list of those available for Formula One drivers, as a mark of respect.[102][103] In paying his respects,Ferrari chairmanLuca Cordero di Montezemolo also stated that, owing to his GP2 experience, strong performances with Marussia and test sessions with Ferrari, Bianchi was the designated replacement forKimi Räikkönen atScuderia Ferrari.[104][105]
Max Chilton dedicated his maidenIndy Lights pole position and race win to Bianchi, which he achieved on the same weekend as Bianchi's death.[106][107] A minute's silence was observed before the start of the2015 Hungarian Grand Prix in Bianchi's honour, in the presence of his family. Commemorative stickers on helmets and cars were other tributes at that race.[108]Sebastian Vettel dedicated his win at the Grand Prix to Bianchi and his family, acknowledging that the Frenchman would have been a part of the team in the future.Daniil Kvyat also dedicated his maiden podium finish to Bianchi, along with the third-placedDaniel Ricciardo.[109]
Bianchi's godson,Charles Leclerc, wore a tribute helmet to Bianchi at the2019 Monaco Grand Prix, with Bianchi's helmet design on one side and his father, Herve Leclerc's, on the other side.[111] He used a full tribute design to Bianchi at the2024 Japanese Grand Prix, in memory of the 10 year anniversary of his accident.[112]
From 2018 onwards, theFIA mandated thehalo cockpit protection device in all FIA open-wheel championships, a curved titanium bar designed to protect the driver's head from serious trauma, and prevent similar accidents to Bianchi's.[113]
In December 2015, Bianchi's father announced plans to create a foundation in his son's honour to uncover and nurture young drivers throughout their careers. The initiative involves exhibiting Jules Bianchi's memorabilia (from go-karts and single-seaters to personal pictures and videos) and merchandising with JB17 branding, sponsoring opportunities and events. Among the supporters isPrince Albert of Monaco, where the foundation is based.[115]
French musicianBenjamin Biolay composed a song titled "Grand Prix", part of an album of the same name, with lyrics that describe Bianchi's accident and death.[116] At the 2021Victoires de la Musique, the album won the award for Best Album.[117]
Bianchi also appeared as an extra in theFormula E docudrama film titledAnd We Go Green, produced byLeonardo DiCaprio, using archived video footage of him from when he was alive. The film was released in 2020.[118]
^Cheese, Caroline (28 August 2009)."Belgian GP practice as it happened".BBC Sport. BBC.Archived from the original on 11 September 2019. Retrieved5 September 2009.Entertaining kerfuffle in the Ferrari garage as Jules Bianchi, who is the latest driver to be linked with Luca Badoer's seat, stands behind Badoer's car like some kind of Grim Reaper.