Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Judith River Formation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, part of the Judith River Group
Judith River Formation
Stratigraphic range:Campanian,79–75.3 Ma
Judith River Formation, Upper Missouri Breaks National Monument
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMontana Group
Sub-unitsParkman Sandstone Member, McClelland Ferry Member, Coal Ridge Member, Woodhawk Member
UnderliesBearpaw Formation
OverliesClaggett Formation,Pakowki Formation
Thicknessmax 360 meters (1,180 ft)[1]
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone andsandstone
Location
RegionAlberta,Montana,South Dakota,Saskatchewan,Wyoming
CountryCanada,United States
Type section
Named forJudith River near the confluence with theMissouri River
Named byF.V. Hayden, 1871;[2] F.B. Meek, 1876.[3]

TheJudith River Formation is afossil-bearinggeologic formation inMontana, and is part of theMontana Group. It dates to the LateCretaceous, between 79 and 75.3 million years ago,[4] corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age. It was laid down during the same time period as portions of theTwo Medicine Formation of Montana[5] and theOldman Formation ofAlberta.[6]It is an historically important formation, explored by early Americanpaleontologists such asEdward Drinker Cope, who named several dinosaurs from scrappy remains found here on his 1876 expedition (such asMonoclonius). Modern work has found nearly complete skeletons of the hadrosauridBrachylophosaurus.

Lithology

[edit]

The Judith River Formation is composed ofmudstone,siltstone andsandstone.[1]Coal beds,bentonite andcoquinas are also observed.

Surface exposures of the Judith River Formation from theUSGS, map courtesy ofOpenStreetMap.
Judith River Formation, Upper Missouri Breaks National Monument

Relationship with other units

[edit]

The Judith River Formation conformably overlies theClaggett Formation andPakowki Formation. It is overlain by theBearpaw Formation.[1] It is equivalent to theBelly River Formation in the southernCanadian Rockies foothills, theLea Park Formation incentral Alberta and theWapiti Formation in the northwestern plains.

Sub-divisions

[edit]
Missouri River carved through the Judith River Formation, Upper Missouri Breaks National Monument

The Judith River Formation is divided into four members, the Parkman Sandstone Member, the McClelland Ferry Member, the Coal Ridge member, and the Woodhawk Member.[7] The McClelland Ferry Member (78.7-76.3 Ma) is believed to be equivalent to theOldman Formation, with the Coal Ridge Member (76.3-75.3 Ma) equivalent to theDinosaur Park Formation.[4]

Fauna

[edit]
Dinosaurs of Judith River Formation

Faunal list follows a review published by Ashok Sahni in 1972 unless otherwise noted.[8]

Color key
TaxonReclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonymIchnotaxonOotaxonMorphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are insmall text;crossed out taxa are discredited.

Amphibians

[edit]

There are three potential species of discoglossid frogs. Hip bones, possibly representing a North American member of theEuropean spadefoot toad family are also known from the formation.

Amphibians of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Habrosaurus

H. dilatus

Asiren

Lisserpeton

L. bairdi

Ascapherpetonidsalamander

Nezpercius[9]N. dodsoniClambank HollowAfrog known from a partial illium.

Opisthotriton

O. kayi

A possiblelungless salamander

Prodesmodon

P. copei

Alungless salamander

Scapherpeton

S. tectum

A scapherpetonid salamander

Fish

[edit]

Bony fish

[edit]
Bony fishes of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages
ArotusA. hieroglyphusAholostean.[10]
BelonostomusBelonostomus longirostrisAnaspidorhynchiform.
The holotype of Priscosturion, MOR 1184
CyclurusC. fragosusAbowfin.[11]
LepisosteusL. occidentalisScales[12]Agar.
?Paralbula?P. sp.Abonefish.
PriscosturionP. longipinnisMcClelland Ferry[13]Upper Campanian[13]Asturgeon.
PsammorhynchusP. longipinnisMcClelland Ferry[13]Upper Campanian[13]Preoccupied name, renamedPriscosturion.[14]
PolyodontidaeIndeterminateApaddlefish. Known remains exceeded size ofChinese paddlefish, total length would exceed 2 metres (6.6 ft).[15]


Cartilaginous fish

[edit]
Cartilaginous fishes of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Myledaphus

M. bipartitus

Astingray.

CretalamnaC. spMontanaAn Otodontid shark
CarchariasCarcharias sp.A sand tiger shark
SqualicoraxS.kaupiAn Anacoracid shark

Plesiosaurs

[edit]
Plesiosaurs of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Plesiosauria[16]

Plesiosauria indet.

Pterosaurs

[edit]
Pterosaurs of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

?Quetzalcoatlus[17]

Hidden Valley Quarry
PterosauriaindetJDM QuarryMcClelland Ferry[18]
A pterosaur metacarpal from the JDM quarry

Choristoderes

[edit]
Choristoderes of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Champsosaurus

C. sp.

Champsosaurus

Crocodilians

[edit]
Crocodilians of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Brachychampsa

B. montana

Analligatorid.
Brachychampsa

Leidyosuchus

L. canadensis

An alligatoroid.
DeinosuchusD. hatcheri[19]Two giant dorsal vertebrae and a number of osteoderms.An enormous alligatoroid.
Deinosuchus

Lizards

[edit]
Lizards of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Chamops

C. segnis

Awhiptail.

Exostinus

E. lancensis

Aknob-scaled lizard.

Leptochamops

L. denticulatus

A whiptail.

Paraderma

P. bogerti

Aparasaniwid.

Parasaniwa

P. wyomingensis

A parasaniwid.

Ornithischians

[edit]

Ankylosaurs

[edit]
Ankylosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
EdmontoniaE.longicepsIsolated teeth[20]A nodosaurid.
Edmontonia
ZuulZ. crurivastatormiddle Coal RidgeCranial and postcranial skeletal remains and soft tissue,type specimenAn ankylosaurid.
Zuul

Hadrosaurs

[edit]
Hadrosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages

Brachylophosaurus

B. canadensis

middle McClelland Ferry

A hadrosaurid which was one of the more common dinosaurs in the area.[21]

Brachylophosaurus
CorythosaurusC. sp.[22]middle Coal Ridgetwo partial skeletonsAlambeosaurine hadrosaurid

Diclonius

D. calamarius

"Teeth."[23]

Nomen dubium

D. pentagonius

"Fragmentary dentary with teeth,"[23]type specimen

A dubious hadrosaurid

D. perengulatus

"Teeth."[23]

Nomen dubium

Hadrosaurus

H. paucidens

Reclassified asLambeosaurus?paucidens

?"Kritosaurus"

?"K."breviceps

A dubious hadrosaurid

?Lambeosaurus

?L. paucidens

"Squamosal, maxilla."[23]

Nomendubium. An indeterminate lambeosaurine.[24]

Paleoscincus

P. costatus

"Tooth,"[12]type specimen

A dubious ankylosaur

Probrachylophosaurus

P. bergei

lower McClelland Ferry

Abrachylophosaurin hadrosaur

Skull of the holotype

Pteropelyx

P. grallipes

"Skeleton lacking skull."[25]

A dubious hadrosaurid

Trachodon

T. mirabilis

Isolated teeth,type specimen[12]

A dubious hadrosaurid

Marginocephalians

[edit]
Ceratopsians
[edit]
Ceratopsians reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages

Albertaceratops

A. nesmoi[26]

Reclassified asMedusaceratops lokii

Avaceratops

A. lammersi[26]

lower McClelland Ferry

"[Two] partial skulls, skeleton, juvenile,"[27]type specimen

A ceratopsid

Avaceratops

Ceratops

C. montanus

"occipital condyle, paired horn cores,"[28]type specimen

A dubious ceratopsid

Chasmosaurinaegen. et sp. nov.A mostly complete skullMOR 11940, An unnamedChasmosaur housed at theMuseum of the Rockies.
The skull of the newChasmosaurine in lateral (side view).

Dysganus

D. bicarinatus

"Isolated teeth."[28]

Nomen dubium

D. encaustus

"Single tooth and [five] tooth fragments."[23] "Isolated teeth."[28]

Nomen dubium

D. haydenianus

"Isolated teeth."[28]

Nomen dubium

D. peiganus

"Tooth."[28]

Nomen dubium

FurcatoceratopsF. elucidansFergus County, Montana[29]Upper Coal Ridge[29]Nearly complete subadult skeleton.[29]A ceratopsid
Furcatoceratops

Judiceratops[30]

J. tigris[30]

lower McClelland Ferry

A ceratopsid

Judiceratops

Lokiceratops

L. rangiformis[31]

Kennedy Couleelower McClelland FerryDisarticulated, associated skeleton including most of the skull and fragmentary postcrania[31]

A ceratopsid

Lokiceratops

Medusaceratops

M. lokii[32]

lower McClelland Ferry

Bonebed[32]

A ceratopsid

Medusaceratops

Mercuriceratops

M. gemini[33]

lower Coal Ridge

"one apomorphic squamosal"[33]

A ceratopsid

Mercuriceratops

Monoclonius

M. crassus[26]

lower Coal Ridge

"[Five] skulls, [one] complete."[27]Type specimen

A dubious ceratopsid

SpiclypeusS. shipporumMcClelland Ferry[34]Partial skull, vertebrae, ribs, humerus, ilium, femur, tibia, and fibula.A ceratopsid
Spiclypeus
Pachycephalosaurs
[edit]
Pachycephalosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
ColepiocephaleC. lambei[35]Kennedy Couleelower McClelland Ferry"nearly complete frontoparietal dome"A pachycephalosaurid closely related toStegoceras.
Colepiocephale
HanssuesiaH.sternbergiApachycephalosaurid. Also present in the Dinosaur Park and Oldman Formations. Possible synonym ofStegoceras.
Hanssuesia

Theropods

[edit]

Dromaeosaurs

[edit]
Dromeosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages

Dromaeosaurus

D. albertensis

Ox Hill Quarry, Careless Creek Quarry, Hidden Valley Quarry & Blackbird Ridge Quarry.[36]lower McClelland Ferry

Teeth[36]

A dromaeosaurid, also found in theDinosaur Park Formation

Dromaeosaurus

D. explanatus

"Tooth."[37]

Possible relative ofSaurornitholestes

D. laevifrons

"Tooth."[37]

Possible relative ofSaurornitholestes

SaurornitholestesS. langstoniCareless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat, Hidden Valley & Blackbird Ridge quarries.[36]Lower McClelland FerryNumerous teeth[36]Adromaeosaurid
Saurornitholestes

Zapsalis[38]

Z. abradens

"Teeth,"[37]type specimen

Adromaeosaurid

Troodonts

[edit]
Troodonts reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Theropod "A"Antelope Head, Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat, Hidden Valley, Blackbird Ridge & Jensen Ranch quarries.[36]28 teeth[36]Teeth of a large theropod distinct from those of tyrannosaurids

Troodon

T. formosus

Antelope Head, Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat & Hidden Valley quarries.[36]

Teeth (type specimen),[12][36] egg

A troodontid, possibly dubious.

Troodon

Tyrannosaurs

[edit]
Tyrannosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages

Aublysodon

A. lateralis

"Isolated teeth,"[39][40]type specimen

Junior synonym ofDeinodon horridus[8]

A. mirandus

Teeth,type specimen

Possible junior synonym ofDeinodon horridus[8]

DaspletosaurusD. torosusCoal RidgeMaxilla[41]A largetyrannosaurid.
Daspletosaurus
D. wilsoni[42]Jack's B2lower Coal Ridge[43]Partial skull, cervical, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, and a rib, chevron, and first metatarsalOriginally considered to be a transitional species betweenD. torosus andD. horneri, though the validity of this claim has been questioned[44]
D. sp.Coal Ridge[44]Partial skeleton[45]Not referrable toD. torosus[43]

Deinodon

D. falculus

Teeth

Isolated tyrannosaur teeth classified in the dubious genusDeinodon

D. hazenianus

Teeth

Junior synonym ofDeinodon horridus[8]

D. horridus

"Teeth,"[12]type specimen

Isolated tyrannosaur teeth that formed the basis of the dubious genusDeinodon

D. incrassatus

Teeth

Junior synonym ofDeinodon horridus[8]

D. lateralis

Junior synonym ofDeinodon horridus[8]

GorgosaurusG. libratusPostorbital[41]A large tyrannosaurid, also found in theDinosaur Park Formation and possibly theTwo Medicine Formation.
Gorgosaurus
?TyrannosaurusT. sp.Fergus CountyA LacrimalFound alongside a specimen ofDeinosuchus,[46] but may not be from the Judith River Formation[47]

Other theropods

[edit]
Theropods reported from the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages

Hesperornis

H. altus

Partial tibiotarsus

One of the only known freshwater occurrences of ahesperornithid.[48]

Hesperornis

Ornithomimus

O. tenuis

"Fragmentary metatarsal."[49]

A possible troodontid or juvenile tyrannosaurid

Ornithomimosauria indet.[50]IndeterminateCoal Ridge MemberA left and right dentaryA large ornithomimosaur with potential affinities to theDeinocheiridae
Skull reconstruction of the possible Judith River deinocheirid

Paronychodon

P. lacustris

Teeth,type specimen

An indeterminate maniraptoran, also found in theDinosaur Park,Milk River, andKirtland Formations

RichardoestesiaR. gilmoreiCareless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Hidden Valley & Blackbird Ridge quarries.[36]12 teeth[36]Acoelurosaur

Turtles

[edit]
Turtles of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages
Adocus[51]A. sp.
Aspideretoides[51]A. sp
Aspideretoides[51]A. foveatus
Axestemys[51]A. spledidus
Basilemys[51]B. sp.

AMesoamerican river turtle.

Boremys[51]B. sp
Boremys[51]B. pulchra
Chelydridae[51]indet.
Neuankylus[51]N. sp.
Neuankylus[51]N. eximius
Plesiobaena[51]P. antiqua

Flora

[edit]

All the flora stated below is pulled from the PBDB.[52][53][54][55]

Ferns

[edit]
Ferns of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages
AzollopsisA. coccoidesMontana

Azolla

A. simplex

Montana
BiretisporitesB. deltoideusMontana
BaculatisporitesB. spMontana
CyathiditesC. spMontana
DeltoidosporaD. diaphanaMontana
EchinatisporisE. spMontana
LaevigatosporitesL. haardtiiMontana
TodisporitesT. dubiusMontana

Gymnosperms

[edit]

Cycadophyta

[edit]
Ferns of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages
CycadopitesC. fragilisMontana

Conifers

[edit]
Ferns of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages
AraucarialesIndeterminateMontana

Pityosporites

P. constrictus

Montana
TaxodiaceaepollenitesT. hiatusMontana

Angiosperms

[edit]
Ferns of the Judith River Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages
ScabrastephanocolpitesS. lepidusMontana

Monosulcites

M. riparius

Montana
TubulifloriditesT. aediculaMontana
ErdtmanipollisE. procumbentiformisMontana
LiliaciditesL. sp.Montana

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcLexicon of Canadian Geologic Units."Judith River Formation". Retrieved2009-02-06.
  2. ^Hayden, F.V., 1871. Geology of the Missouri Valley: Preliminary report (4th annual) of the Geol. Surv. of Wyoming and portions of contiguous territories.
  3. ^Meek, Fielding Bradford, 1876. A report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country, Hayden, F.V., Geologist in Charge; United States Geologic and Geographic Survey of the Territories, vol. 9, page 629
  4. ^abRamezani, Jahandar; Beveridge, Tegan L.; Rogers, Raymond R.; Eberth, David A.; Roberts, Eric M. (2022-09-26)."Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western Interior Basin by CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology".Scientific Reports.12 (1): 16026.doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w.ISSN 2045-2322.PMC 9512893.PMID 36163377.
  5. ^Sullivan, R.M. and Lucas, S. G. (2006). "The Kirtlandian land-vertebrate "age"–faunal composition, temporal position and biostratigraphic correlation in the nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of western North America." Pp. 7-29 in Lucas, S. G. and Sullivan, R.M. (eds.),Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35.
  6. ^Eberth, David A. (1997). "Judith River Wedge". InCurrie, Philip J.; Padian Kevin (eds.).Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 379–380.ISBN 0-12-226810-5.
  7. ^Rogers, Raymond R.; Kidwell, Susan M.; Deino, Alan L.; Mitchell, James P.; Nelson, Kenneth; Thole, Jeffrey T. (2016-01-01). "Age, Correlation, and Lithostratigraphic Revision of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation in Its Type Area (North-Central Montana), with a Comparison of Low- and High-Accommodation Alluvial Records".The Journal of Geology.124 (1):99–135.Bibcode:2016JG....124...99R.doi:10.1086/684289.ISSN 0022-1376.S2CID 130555911.
  8. ^abcdefSahni, A. (1972). "The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana."Bulletin of the AMNH, v.147 article 6: 321-415.
  9. ^Martín, C.; Sanchiz, B. (2014)."Nezpercius Blob, Carrano, Rogers, Forster et Espinoza, 2001".Lisanfos KMS. 1.2. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Madrid (Spain). Archived fromthe original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved20 February 2014.
  10. ^Gardner, James D.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Murray, Alison M. (2025-06-01)."Reidentification of the holotype of 'Ceratodus' hieroglyphus Cope from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana, USA, as the scale of a holostean fish".Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments.105 (2):545–572.doi:10.1007/s12549-025-00663-4.ISSN 1867-1608.
  11. ^Grande, Lance; Bemis, William E. (1998-04-10)."A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Study of Amiid Fishes (Amiidae) Based on Comparative Skeletal Anatomy. an Empirical Search for Interconnected Patterns of Natural History".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.18 (sup1):1–696.doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011114.ISSN 0272-4634.
  12. ^abcdeLeidy, J. (1856-12-31)."Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. FV Hayden in the Bad Lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory".Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.8:72–73.doi:10.5281/zenodo.1038128.
  13. ^abcdGrande, Lance; Hilton, Eric J. (July 2006)."An Exquisitely Preserved Skeleton Representing a Primitive Sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae: N. Gen. and Sp.)".Journal of Paleontology.80 (S65):1–39.doi:10.1666/05032.1.ISSN 0022-3360.S2CID 131689748.
  14. ^Grande, Lance; Hilton, Eric J. (March 2009)."A replacement name for †Psammorhynchus Grande & Hilton, 2006 (Actinopterygii, Acipenseriformes, Acipenseridae)".Journal of Paleontology.83 (2):317–318.doi:10.1666/08-137.1.ISSN 0022-3360.S2CID 85233540.
  15. ^Grande, Lance; Bemis, William E. (1991)."Osteology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Fossil and Recent Paddlefishes (Polyodontidae) with Comments on the Interrelationships of Acipenseriformes".Memoir (Society of Vertebrate Paleontology).1: ii–121.doi:10.2307/3889328.ISSN 1062-161X.
  16. ^"Cow Creek (Cretaceous to of the United States)".PBDB.org.
  17. ^Fiorillo, Anthony R. (January 1989)."The Vertebrate Fauna from the Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Wheatland and Golden Valley Counties, Montana".The Mosasaur.4:127–142.
  18. ^Prieto-Marquez, Albert (2005-03-11)."New information on the cranium of Brachylophosaurus canadensis (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae), with a revision of its phylogenetic position".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.25 (1):144–156.doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0144:NIOTCO]2.0.CO;2.ISSN 0272-4634.
  19. ^Schwimmer, David (2002).King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 200.
  20. ^Sahni, Ashok (1972)."The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana".Bulletin of the AMNH.147 (6).hdl:2246/1099.
  21. ^Trexler, David; Murphy, Nate; Thompson, Mark (June 2007). ""Leonardo," a Mummified Brachylophosaurus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Judith River Formation of Montana". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.).Horns and Beaks. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 117–133.
  22. ^Takasaki, Ryuji; Chiba, Kentaro; Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Brink, Kirstin S.; Evans, David C.; Fanti, Federico; Saneyoshi, Mototaka; Maltese, Anthony; Ishigaki, Shinobu (2022-10-23). "Description of the first definitiveCorythosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) specimens from the Judith River Formation in Montana, USA and their paleobiogeographical significance".The Anatomical Record.306 (7):1918–1938.doi:10.1002/ar.25097.ISSN 1932-8486.PMID 36273398.S2CID 253081338.
  23. ^abcde"Table 20.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 442.
  24. ^Prieto-Márquez, Alberto; Weishampel, David B.; Horner, John R. (2006)."The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus"(PDF).Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.51 (1):77–98.
  25. ^"Table 20.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 443.
  26. ^abcRyan and Evans, 2005
  27. ^ab"Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 495.
  28. ^abcde"Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 496.
  29. ^abcIshikawa, Hiroki; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Manabe, Makoto (2023-07-20)."Furcatoceratops elucidans, a new centrosaurine (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the upper Campanian Judith River Formation, Montana, USA".Cretaceous Research.151 105660.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105660.ISSN 0195-6671.S2CID 260046917.
  30. ^abNicholas R. Longrich (2013). "Judiceratops tigris, a New Horned Dinosaur from the Middle Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana".Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History.54 (1):51–65.doi:10.3374/014.054.0103.S2CID 129801786.
  31. ^abLoewen, Mark A.; Sertich, Joseph J. W.;Sampson, Scott;O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Carpenter, Savhannah; Sisson, Brock; Øhlenschlæger, Anna; Farke, Andrew A.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Longrich, Nick;Evans, David C. (2024-06-20)."Lokiceratops rangiformis gen. et sp. nov. (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana reveals rapid regional radiations and extreme endemism within centrosaurine dinosaurs".PeerJ.12 e17224.doi:10.7717/peerj.17224.ISSN 2167-8359.PMC 11193970.
  32. ^abRyan, Michael J.; Russell, Anthony P., and Hartman, Scott. (2010). "A New Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid from the Judith River Formation, Montana", In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds),New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium, Indiana University Press, 656 pp.ISBN 0-253-35358-0.
  33. ^abRyan, Michael J.; Evans, David C.; Currie, Phillip J.; Loewen, Mark A. (2014). "A New chasmosaurine from northern Laramidia expands frill disparity in ceratopsid dinosaurs". Naturwissenschaften. doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1183-1
  34. ^Fowler, Denver Warwick (2017-11-22)."Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America".PLOS ONE.12 (11) e0188426.Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288426F.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188426.ISSN 1932-6203.PMC 5699823.PMID 29166406.
  35. ^Schott, Ryan K.; Evans, David C.; Williamson, Thomas E.; Carr, Thomas D.; Goodwin, Mark B. (2009-09-12). "The anatomy and systematics ofColepiocephale lambei (Dinosauria: Pachycephalosauridae)".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.29 (3):771–786.doi:10.1671/039.029.0329.ISSN 0272-4634.
  36. ^abcdefghijFiorillo, Anthony R.; Currie, Philip J. (1994-03-31)."Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central Montana".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.14 (1):74–80.doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011539.ISSN 0272-4634.
  37. ^abc"Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 186.
  38. ^Larson, D. W.; Currie, P. J. (2013). "Multivariate Analyses of Small Theropod Dinosaur Teeth and Implications for Paleoecological Turnover through Time". In Evans, Alistair Robert. PLoS ONE 8: e54329. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054329. edit
  39. ^"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
  40. ^"Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 114.
  41. ^abCarr, Thomas D. (2018)."Significant geographic range extension for the sympatric tyrannosauridsAlbertosaurus libratus andDaspletosaurus torosus from the Judith River Formation (Late Campanian) of northern Montana"(PDF).Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.38 (Supplement 1): 102.
  42. ^Warshaw, Elías A.; Fowler, Denver W. (2022)."A transitional species ofDaspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana".PeerJ.10. e14461.doi:10.7717/peerj.14461.PMC 9703990.PMID 36452080.
  43. ^abWarshaw, Elías A.; Guevara, Daniela Barrera; Fowler, Denver W. (November 2024)."Anagenesis and the tyrant pedigree: A response to "Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis withinTyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)"".Cretaceous Research.163 105957.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105957.ISSN 0195-6671.
  44. ^abScherer, Charlie Roger; Voiculescu-Holvad, Christian (November 28, 2023)."Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis withinTyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)".Cretaceous Research (In press) 105780.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780.ISSN 0195-6671.
  45. ^Maltese, Anthony E. "DIFFICULT EXCAVATION AND PREPARATION OF A LARGE DASPLETOSAURUS SPECIMEN." Methods in Preparation: 63.
  46. ^Urban, Michael A.; Lamanna, Matthew C. (December 2006)."Evidence of a Giant Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Campanian) of Montana".Annals of Carnegie Museum.75 (4):231–235.doi:10.2992/0097-4463(2006)75[231:EOAGTD]2.0.CO;2.ISSN 0097-4463.
  47. ^Dalman, Sebastian G.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Malinzak, D. Edward (2018)."Tyrannosaurid teeth from the upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine Formation of Montana".New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin.79:125–139.
  48. ^Fox, R.C. (1974). "A middle Campanian, nonmarine occurrence of the Cretaceous toothed birdHesperornis Marsh."Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,11: 1335-1338.
  49. ^"Table 6.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 139.
  50. ^Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar; Takasaki, Ryuji; Chiba, Kentaro; Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Saneyoshi, Mototaka; Ishigaki, Shinobu (2025-09-10). "A potential deinocheirid ornithomimosaur from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Montana, U.S.A.) and its paleobiogeographic implications".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e2536844: (13 pages).doi:10.1080/02724634.2025.2536844.
  51. ^abcdefghijkSmith, Heather F.; Berg, Madison; Adrian, Brent (2023)."A well-preserved cranium from the Judith River Formation (Montana, USA) reveals the inner ear and neuroanatomy of a Campanian baenid turtle".The Anatomical Record.306 (6):1431–1451.doi:10.1002/ar.25185.ISSN 1932-8494.
  52. ^"JWHall #223, Phillips Co., MT (Cretaceous to of the United States)".PBDB.org.
  53. ^"Leo Site, Malta (Cretaceous of the United States)".PBDB.org.
  54. ^"West end of the Fort Peck reservoir at the Robinson Bridge (Cretaceous to of the United States)".PBDB.org.
  55. ^"Loki Quarry, Kennedy Coulee (Cretaceous of the United States)".PBDB.org.
Hydrocarbon history
Depositional regions
Central Alberta
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_River_Formation&oldid=1321166793"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp