Judith Kanakuze | |
|---|---|
 Kanakuze in 2007 | |
| Born | (1959-09-19)19 September 1959 |
| Died | (aged 51) |
| Known for | Rwandan women's rights activism |
| Political party | Rwandan Patriotic Front (from 2008) |
Judith Kanakuze (19 September 1959 – 7 February 2010) was a Rwandan politician and women's rights activist best known for passing legislation againstgender-based violence, including Rwanda's first legal definition of rape, and contributing constitutionalgender quotas that required women's representation in governmental bodies. She worked in multiple fields, including nutrition and civil service, before becoming a prominent leader of women after the 1994Rwandan genocide, in which she lost most of her extended family. Kanakuze founded the early women's organizationRéseau des Femmes and represented women's interests at theArusha Accords and onRwanda's committee to establish a constitution. The gender quotas that required women to compose at least 30 percent of governmental bodies subsequently quickly spurred women's participation to exceed the quotas in parliament. She was elected toParliament in 2003 and reelected in 2008. During her terms, she presided over theRwanda Women Parliamentary Forum.
Judith Kanakuze was born 19 September 1959, inRusizi District, Rwanda. She studieddemography in college and graduated with a bachelor's degree. Kanakuze worked as a schoolteacher for two years beginning in 1980 and later became a nutritionist. She served as National Supervisor of Rwanda Nutritional Centres for four years beginning in 1986, after which she coordinated a household energy saving project withSNV Netherlands Development Organisation. In 1992, she officiated studies and research with the Ministry of Public Works.[1] During this time, Kanakuze represented women and children in theArusha Accords.[2] She also led a feminist organization, Twese Hamne (Pro-Femmes).[3] She lived through the 1994Rwandan genocide, in which most of her extendedTutsi family was murdered in aKibuye church in west Rwanda, where they had gone forsanctuary.[4]
After the conflict, she returned to Rwanda from arefugee camp inGoma to reopen a women'scredit union that specialized inmicrofinance and also offered educational andconflict resolution programming.[5] Kanakuze founded the early women's organizationRéseau des Femmes,[6] for which she was a consultant in the late 1990s.[1]
Kanakuze, by this time known as a leader for women's rights in Rwanda, was selected to serve on the country's2001 Constitutional Commission as a gender equality advocate[7][8][4] and one of three women on the 12-person panel.[2] She contributed numerous gender-related clauses towards the constitution, the most significant of which created gender quotas in which women must compose at least 30 percent of seats on Rwanda's decision-making bodies.[7][8][4] Women's civil society organizations and individual women supplemented Kanakuze to convince the other commission members.[8] Rwandan women began to enter male-controlled committees and were recognized on issues other than gender.[4] By 2003, women held nearly half of the seats inParliament[7] and Kanakuze was elected to one of them.[2] The next year, she presided over theRwanda Women Parliamentary Forum, which designed laws to targetgender equality within the government.[2] Kanakuze served as a member of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Gender and Family Promotion.[9] Her most significant legislative act was a 2008 law againstgender-based violence, includingdomestic violence andrape.[6][10] It established the definition of rape in Rwandan law and marked the first legislation introduced by parliamentarians—instead of the executive branch—since the 2003 election.[11][12] Kanakuze was reelected in 2008 under theRwandan Patriotic Front political party.[1]
She fell ill during a meeting in December 2009 and did not recover.[1] Kanakuze died on 7 February 2010, at the age of 51. Parliament closed for a day to mourn and honor her memory.[9]
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