Computer scientist (born 1936)
Judea Pearl (born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-Americancomputer scientist andphilosopher , best known for championing the probabilistic approach toartificial intelligence and the development ofBayesian networks (see the article onbelief propagation ). He is also credited for developing a theory of causal and counterfactual inference based on structural models (see article oncausality ). In 2011, theAssociation for Computing Machinery (ACM) awarded Pearl with theTuring Award , the highest distinction in computer science, "for fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning".[ 1] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference The Book of Why
Judea Pearl is the father of journalistDaniel Pearl , who was kidnapped and murdered by terrorists inPakistan connected with Al-Qaeda and the International Islamic Front in 2002 for his American and Jewish heritage.[ 6] [ 7]
Judea Pearl was born inTel Aviv ,British Mandate for Palestine , in 1936 to Eliezer and Tova Pearl, who werePolish Jewish immigrants, grew up inBnei Brak . His grandfather Chaim Pearl was one of Bnei Brak's founders.[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] Menachem Mendel of Kotzk on his mother's side. After serving in theIsrael Defense Forces and joining akibbutz , Pearl decided to study engineering in 1956. He received a B.S. in electrical engineering from theTechnion 1960. That same year, he emigrated to the United States and pursued graduate studies. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Newark College of Engineering (nowNew Jersey Institute of Technology ) in 1961, and went on to receive an M.S. in physics fromRutgers University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now theNew York University Tandon School of Engineering ) in 1965.[ 11] RCA Research Laboratories (nowSRI International ) inPrinceton, New Jersey on superconductiveparametric amplifiers and storage devices and at Electronic Memories, Inc., on advanced memory systems.[ 11] semiconductors "wiped out" Pearl's work, as he later expressed it,[ 12] UCLA 'sSchool of Engineering in 1970 and started work on probabilisticartificial intelligence . He is one of the founding editors of theJournal of Causal Inference .
Pearl is currently a professor of computer science and statistics and director of the Cognitive Systems Laboratory at UCLA. He and his wife,Ruth , had three children. In addition, as of 2011[update] NGO Monitor .[ 13]
Former Israeli Chief Rabbi, RabbiYisrael Meir Lau , partnered with Judea Pearl in the documentaryWith My Whole Broken Heart .[ 14] [ 15]
Murder of Daniel Pearl [ edit ] In 2002, his son,Daniel Pearl , a journalist working for theWall Street Journal Pakistan , leading Judea and the other members of the family and friends to create theDaniel Pearl Foundation .[ 16] Wall Street Journal titledDaniel Pearl and the Normalization of Evil: When will our luminaries stop making excuses for terror? .[ 17]
EmeritusChief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks quoted Judea Pearl's beliefs in a lesson onJudaism : "I asked Judea Pearl, father of the murdered journalist Daniel Pearl, why he was working for reconciliation between Jews and Muslims...he replied with heartbreaking lucidity, 'Hate killed my son. Therefore I am determined to fight hate.'"[ 18]
On his religious views, Pearl states that he is a "practicing disbeliever."[ 19] [ 20] kiddush on Friday night.[ 21]
Judea Pearl is credited for "laying the foundations of modern artificial intelligence, so computer systems can process uncertainty and relate causes to effects."[ 2] Bayesian networks and theprobabilistic approach toartificial intelligence , and one of the first to mathematize causal modeling in the empirical sciences. His work is also intended as a high-levelcognitive model . He is interested in thephilosophy of science ,knowledge representation ,nonstandard logics , and learning. Pearl is described as "one of the giants in the field of artificial intelligence" by UCLA computer science professorRichard E. Korf .[ 22] causality has "revolutionized the understanding of causality in statistics, psychology, medicine and the social sciences" according to theAssociation for Computing Machinery .[ 23]
Notable contributions [ edit ] A summary of Pearl's scientific contributions is available in a chronologicalaccount authored byStuart J. Russell (2012). Anannotated bibliography of Pearl's contributions was compiled by the ACM in 2012. A video describing Pearl's major contributions to AI is availablehere . Pearl's opinion pieces, touching on Jewish identity, the war on terrorism, and the Middle East conflict can be accessedhere . Heuristics , Addison-Wesley, 1984Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems , Morgan-Kaufmann, 1988Pearl, Judea (2000).Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference I Am Jewish: Personal Reflections Inspired by the Last Words of Daniel Pearl National Jewish Book Award )Causal Inference in Statistics: A Primer , (with Madelyn Glymour and Nicholas Jewell), Wiley, 2016.ISBN 978-1119186847 Pearl, Judea ; Dana Mackenzie (2018).The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect Kampe De Feriet Award from the Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty (IPMU) (2024)Test of Time Award from International Conference on Priciples of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (2023)BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award [ 2] Carnegie Corporation of New York as an honoree of theGreat Immigrants Awards [ 24] Classic Paper Award, Artificial Intelligence JournalAIJ Awards (2020) Honorary Fellow, Royal Statistical SocietyAI pioneer named Royal Statistical Society Honorary Fellow (2020) Fellow of the American Statistical Association .[ 25] Honorary Doctorate, Hebrew University of Jerusalem[1] (2018) Honorary Doctorate,Yale University Judea Pearl receives honorary doctorate from Yale , (2018) Edward A. Dickson Award, UCLAJudea Pearl Wins UCLA Edward A. Dickson Emeritus Professorship Award | CS (2018) Ulf Grenander Prize, American Mathematical SocietyNews from the AMS (2018) Sells Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement, Society for Multivariate Experimental PsychologySells Award for Distinguished Multivariate Research | SMEP (2016) Fellow,ACM Judea Pearl named Association for Computing Machinery Fellow (2015) Dickson Prize, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPearl wins Dickson Prize from Carnegie Mellon (2015) Classic Paper Award, Artificial Intelligence Journal2015 AIJ CLASSIC PAPER AWARD (2015) Honorary Doctorate, Carnegie Mellon UniversityJudea Pearl to receive honorary doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University (2015) Member,National Academy of Sciences .[ 26] UCLA artificial intelligence pioneer elected to the National Academy of Sciences (2014) Honorary Doctorate, Texas A&MGraduation - Honorary Degrees (2014) Lynford Lecture and Distinguished Alumni Award, NYU-PolytechnicComputer Scientist and Philosopher Judea Pearl Delivers 15th Annual Lynford Lecture on Science of Cause and Effect | NYU Tandon School of Engineering (2013) Medallion Lecture, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, JSM-2013Institute of Mathematical Statistics | Medallion Lecture: Judea Pearl (2013) Special Issue honoring Judea Pearl, Cognitive Science Journal[2] (2013) ACM Turing Award ,[ 1] [ 3] Judea Pearl Wins 2011 ACM Turing Award (2012)Fellow, American Academy of Arts and SciencesJudea Pearl (2012) Harvey Prize, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology[3] (2012) Fellow, Cognitive Science SocietyFellows of the Society Archived April 4, 2022, at theWayback Machine (2011) David E. Rumelhart Prize, Cognitive Science SocietyRumelhart Prize (2011) IEEE Intelligent Systems ' AI's Hall of Fame[ 27] Otis Dudley Duncan Memorial Lecture, American Sociological Society (2010) Festschrift and symposium in honor of Judea PearlTRIBUTE TO JUDEA PEARL (2010) Heuristics, Probability and Causality: A Tribute to Judea Pearl, R. Dechter, H. Geffner, and J.Y. Halpern (Eds.), College Publication[4] (2010) Honorary Doctorate, Chapman University[5] (2008) Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computers and Cognitive Science, The Franklin Institute[6] (2008) Honorary Doctorate of Science, University of Toronto[7] (2007) Purpose PrizeJudea Pearl and Akbar Ahmed (2006) Classic Paper Award, AAAI2006 AAAI CLASSIC PAPER AWARD (2006) Allen Newell Award, Association for Computing MachineryJudea Pearl (2004) Pekeris Memorial Lecture, The Weizmann Institute of Sciencelect82-net (2003) Corresponding Member, Spanish Academy of Engineering (2002) Lakatos Award , The London School of Economics and Political Science[8] (2001)Classic Paper Award, AAAI2000 AAAI CLASSIC PAPER AWARD (2000) IJCAI Research Excellence Award in Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference in Artificial IntelligenceIJCAI-99 (1999) UCLA 81st Faculty Research LecturerNOTES - UCLA 81st FACULTY RESEARCH LECTURE SERIES (1996) Member,National Academy of Engineering (NAE) (1995) Fellow, American Association of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI ) (1990), Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE ) (1988), RCA Laboratories Achievement Award (1965)^a b c Judea Pearl – A. M. Turing Award winner , ACM, retrieved March 14, 2012.^a b c BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2021). Judea Pearl -Announcement Speech , June 2022. ^a b Gold, Virginia (March 15, 2012)."Judea Pearl Wins ACM A.M. Turing Award for Contributions that Transformed Artificial Intelligence" . TheAssociation for Computing Machinery . Archived fromthe original on March 17, 2012. RetrievedMarch 15, 2012 .ACM , theAssociation for Computing Machinery today named Judea Pearl of theUniversity of California, Los Angeles the winner of the 2011 ACMA.M. Turing Award for innovations that enabled remarkable advances in the partnership between humans and machines that is the foundation ofArtificial Intelligence (AI). ^ Judea Pearl author profile page at theACM Digital Library^ Goth, G. (2006). "Judea Pearl Interview: A Giant of Artificial Intelligence Takes on All-Too-Real Hatred".IEEE Internet Computing .10 (5):6– 8.doi :10.1109/MIC.2006.107 .S2CID 9932352 . ^ Fonda, Daren (September 27, 2003)."On the Trail of Daniel Pearl" .TIME the original on October 1, 2003. RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 . ^ Escobar, Pepe (June 28, 2003)."Who killed Daniel Pearl?" .Book Review .Asia Times Online . Archived from the original on June 29, 2003. RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 .^ Judea Pearl: Reflections on Loss, Artificial Intelligence, and “Zionophobia” ^ "This Day in Jewish History / Journalist Daniel Pearl murdered in Pakistan by Islamic terrorists" .Haaretz .^ The Audacious Joy of Judea Pearl ^a b "Judea Pearl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate" .amturing.acm.org .^ Leah Hoffmann (2012)."Q&A: A Sure Thing" .Communications of the ACM 55 (6):135– 136.doi :10.1145/2184319.2184347 ^ "International Advisory Board Profiles" .NGO Monitor . 2011. RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 .^ Wilkinson, Phaedra (July 10, 2015)."From the community: With My Whole Broken Heart" .Chicago Tribune . ^ With My Whole Broken Heart trailer YouTube ^ "Biography of Dr. Judea Pearl" .Daniel Pearl Foundation . 2011. Archived fromthe original on June 30, 2011. RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 .^ Pearl, Judea (February 3, 2009)."Daniel Pearl and the Normalization of Evil" .The Wall Street Journal . RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 .^ Jonathan Sacks (September 5, 2014)."Judaism: Covenant & Conversation: Against Hate" .Israel National News ^ Mathew Philips."Tragedy and Opportunity: The parents of slain journalist Danny Pearl have devoted their lives to improving Muslim-Jewish relations" . RetrievedJuly 12, 2013 .I turned secular at the age of 11, by divine revelation. [Laughs.] I was standing on the roof of the house my father built, looking down on the street and suddenly it became very clear to me that there is no God. ^ "Robots and the Illusion of Free Will – Conversation with Judea Pearl, Rumelhart Prize Winner" . Starting from 41:14: The Science Network. July 22, 2011.I'm, of course, prisoner of my upbringing, which means my store of metaphors comes from the Bible and comes from history of the Jewish people. But I don't believe in God. Actually, I know there isn't [a] God. {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: location (link )^ Fishman Orlins, Susan (November 2006)."The Price of Being Jewish: An Interview with Judea Pearl" . Moment.Did you pray for Danny's safe return? No, I don't believe in a God [that] would listen to me. But I do pray every morning. I lay tefillin. I started a year ago. But aren't you a secular Jew? I'll give you the same answer I gave 10 Muslims who joined me for dinner one Friday night. I said, 'Oh, it's Friday night. I have to do Kiddush.' ^ Amundson, Marlys (Fall 2004)."A Profile of Judea Pearl – Computer Science Pioneer, Visionary" (PDF) .UCLA Engineer (12):16– 17. RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 . ^ "ACM HONORS INNOVATORS WHO CHANGED THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD" .New York :Association for Computing Machinery . April 27, 2004. RetrievedJuly 20, 2011 .^ "AI pioneer named to Carnegie Corporation's annual great immigrants list | UCLA" .UCLA . RetrievedJune 25, 2024 .^ "ASA Fellow Announcement" (PDF) . American Statistical Association. RetrievedMay 12, 2019 .^ National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected Archived August 18, 2015, at theWayback Machine ,National Academy of Sciences , April 29, 2014.^ "AI's Hall of Fame" (PDF) .IEEE Intelligent Systems 26 (4):5– 15. 2011.doi :10.1109/MIS.2011.64 . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on December 16, 2011. RetrievedSeptember 4, 2015 .
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