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Juan Ramón Jiménez Mantecón (Spanish pronunciation:[xwanraˈmoŋxiˈmeneθmanteˈkon];[a] 23 December 1881 – 29 May 1958) was a Spanishpoet, a prolific writer who received the1956 Nobel Prize in Literature[1] "for hislyrical poetry, which in the Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistic purity".[citation needed] One of Jiménez's most important contributions to modern poetry was his advocacy of the concept of "pure poetry".[citation needed]
Juan Ramón Jiménez was born inMoguer, nearHuelva, inAndalucia, on 23 December 1881.[2] He was educated in the Jesuit institution of San Luis Gonzaga, inEl Puerto de Santa María, nearCádiz. Later, he studiedlaw andpainting at theUniversity of Seville, but he soon discovered that his talents were better used for writing.[3] He then dedicated himself to literature, under the influence ofRubén Darío and Frenchsymbolism.[3] He published his first two books at the age of eighteen, in 1900. The death of his father the same year devastated him, and a resulting depression led to his being sent first to France, where he had an affair with his doctor's wife, and then to a sanatorium in Madrid staffed by novice nuns, where he lived from 1901 to 1903.
In about 1904 Jiménez was hoodwinked by some Peruvians. José Gálvez, Carlos Rodríguez Hübner and a 15 year oldMaria Isabel Sanchez-Concha created a fictional woman named Georgina Hübner and they started a correspondence with the poet. José and Carlos were hoping to get access to his writing and Sanchez-Concha did the writing.[4] Jiménez fell in love with their creation and planned to travel to Peru to meet the young woman. The plan was only aborted by a telegram they arranged via the Spanish consul to the poet, giving him the fabricated news of Georgina's death.[5]
He was among the contributors of the Madrid-based avant-garde magazinePrometeo between 1908 and 1912.[6] In 1911 and 1912, he wrote many erotic poems depicting romps with numerous women in numerous locales. Some of them alluded to sex with novices who were nurses. Eventually, apparently, their mother superior discovered the activity and expelled him, although it is not known whether the sexual activity described in his poems actually occurred.[citation needed]
The main subjects of many of his other poems were music and color, which, at times, he compared to love or lust.[citation needed]
He suffered amental breakdown anddepression, so he stayed hospitalised inFrance andMadrid.[3] He celebrated his home region in his prose poem about a writer and his donkey calledPlatero and I (1914). In 1916 he and Spanish-born writer and poetZenobia Camprubí were married in the United States. Zenobia became his indispensable companion and collaborator.[citation needed]
Although he was primarily a poet, Jiménez' prose workPlatero y yo (1917; "Platero and I"; Platero is a donkey) sold well in Latin America and in translation won him popularity in the USA.[citation needed] He also collaborated with his wife in the translation of the Irish playwrightJohn Millington Synge'sRiders to the Sea (1920). His poetic output during his life was immense.[citation needed]
In 1956, he received theNobel Prize in Literature;[citation needed] two days later, his wife died of ovarian cancer.[citation needed] Jiménez never recovered from the emotional devastation, and he died two years afterwards, on 29 May 1958, in the same clinic where his wife had died.[citation needed] Both are buried in his hometown of Moguer, Spain.[citation needed]
Juan Ramón Jiménez depicted on the 1980 2,000Pesetas banknote
Poemas mágicos y dolientes (Magic and Painful Poems), 1909
Elejías lamentables (Sad Elegies), 1910
Baladas de primavera (Ballads of Spring), 1910
La soledad sonora (The Sonorous Loneliness), 1911
Pastorales (Pastoral), 1911
Melancolía (the sonorous loneliness), 1912
Laberinto (Labyrinth), 1913
Platero y yo (Platero and I) (edición reducida), 1914
Estío (Summer), 1916
Sonetos espirituales (Spiritual Sonnets), 1917
Diario de un poeta recién casado (Diary of a Recently Married Poet), 1917
Platero y yo (edición completa) (Platero and I), 1917
Eternidades (Eternities), 1918
Piedra y cielo (Stone and Sky), 1919
Segunda antología poética (Second Poetic Anthology), 1922
Poesía (Poetry), 1923
Belleza (Beauty), 1923
Canción (Song), 1935
Voces de mi copla (Voices of my Verse), 1945
La estación total (The Full Season), 1946
Romances de Coral Gables (Romances from Coral Gables), 1948
Animal de fondo (Animal from the Deep), 1949
Una colina meridiana (A Shining Hill) , 1950 (1° edición en España: Huerga & Fierro editores, 2002). Prólogo y estudio preliminar de Alfonso Alegre Heitzmann.
La frente pensativa (1911-1912) [cuatro poemas inéditos] (The Thoughtful Face), introducción de José Luis Puerto, Zamora: Lucerna, 2001.
^"Elemental Creature".The Times Literary Supplement (in Spanish). 10 March 2015. Archived fromthe original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved17 February 2018.His lyrical and philosophical work influencing Puerto Rican writers such as Manuel Ramos Otero and René Marqués.
