Friede made the first documentary about San Agustín in 1942
Juan Friede Alter (Wlava,Russian Empire, 17 February 1901 -Bogotá,Colombia, 28 June 1990) was a Ukrainian-Colombian historian of Jewish descent who is recognised as one of the most important writers about Colombian history, theSpanish conquests and a proponent ofindigenism; the defense of the rights and descriptions of the oppression ofindigenous people.
Juan Friede went to Colombia in 1926 for business and his fascination for the country, its climate and culture made him emigrate. He became a Colombian citizen in 1930. During the 1940s, Friede made extensive studies about various indigenous peoples in the country. He was a professor at the newly founded Department of Social Sciences of theNational University of Colombia and is considered one of the pioneers of the "New History" movement in Colombia, together with Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, Luis Eduardo Nieto Arteta and Luis Ospina Vásquez. His former house in San Agustín since 2006 bears the nameCasa Museo Juan Friede.
In 1922, Juan Friede graduated at the Hochschule für Welthandel in ViennaFriede founded the first art gallery of Bogotá, where he exposed works of Pedro Nel Gómez, painter of indigenous rituals
Juan Friede Alter was born in a village called Wlava,[2] indicated as Ukrainian or Polish, close to the border with Germany,[3] part of theRussian Empire on February 17, 1901, in a Jewish family.[4] Friede went to school inMoscow in the turbulent years of theRussian Revolution of 1917. The new regime drove the family toGermany and Friede studied Economical and Social Sciences at theHochschule für Welthandel in Vienna, graduating in 1922. The environment of Vienna of the 1920s influenced Friede positively and he was a member of ananarcho-ecological society calledVanderfliegel. After his studies in Vienna, he continued his research at the newly foundedLondon School of Economics. In 1923, Friede started working for the import-export firmJ. Stern & Co. The firm sent Friede to Colombia in 1926.[2]
Friede arrived first inCartagena and later inBuenaventura. He was so much impressed by the country, its climate, poverty and people, that he decided to emigrate. Juan Friede first settled inManizales, working for J. Stern & Co in trading coffee, automobiles and other imports,[3] a job offering him to travel through Colombia. On February 20,[5] or March 3, 1930,[4] Friede became a Colombian national. After a decline in the activities of J. Stern & Co., Friede worked for Caldas Motors, a subsidiary ofFord Motors from 1935 to 1941.[6][7] In 1939, Friede moved from Manizales to Bogotá and in 1940 he opened the firstart gallery in the Colombian capital.[8] Two years later ColombianmuralistPedro Nel Gómez held an exposition in Friede's art gallery.[9]
During theHoly Week of 1942, Friede made the first documentary about the importantarchaeological andUNESCO World Heritage SiteSan Agustín.[10] This formed the onset of further studies of the indigenous people of Colombia between 1943 and 1946.[11] He lived in San Agustín until the end of 1945.[2] In 1944, Friede published his bookEl indio en la lucha por la tierra, where he described the continuous repression of the indigenous people of the department ofCauca.[12]
Friede is considered together with Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, Luis Eduardo Nieto Arteta and Luis Ospina Vásquez, one of the founders of "New History" in Colombia, after writing a voluminous work about the conquests and indigenous history in his 1955 publicationDocumentos Inéditos para la Historia de Colombia.[13][14]
In 1959 the Department of Social Sciences of theNational University of Colombia was founded, where Juan Friede was one of the main professors.[1][15] Between 1962 and 1990, Friede lived in Colombia and theUnited States.[11]
Juan Friede has published 682 works in Spanish and English.[16] He spoke fluent Russian, German, French, English and Spanish.[4]
The conquest of the Muisca, famous for their fine goldworking, has been described in various works by Juan FriedeFriede wrote about the conquest in Venezuela and Colombia by the patrician Welser family from Augsburg
Manyconquistadors as well asSpanish chroniclers in Colombia have been described in biographies by Juan Friede. OnPedro de Aguado, whose birth date is uncertain, he wrote that De Aguado was baptised inValdemoro on January 26, 1513.[17] Friede published aboutRodrigo de Bastidas and others inLa conquista del territorio y el poblamiento.[18] The abuse of the indigenous people byPedro de Heredia was reported by Friede inFuentes documentales para la historia del Nuevo Reino de Granada: desde la instalación de la Real Audiencia en Santafé.[19]
1974 -La Batalla de Ayacucho, 9 de diciembre de 1824
1971 -Bartolomé de las Casas in history: toward an understanding of the man and his work - withBenjamin Keen
1968 -La batalla de Boyacá, 7 de agosto de 1819, a través de los archivos españoles. Recopilación documental, transcrita y anotada
1964 -Fray Pedro Aguado y Fray Antonio Medrano, historiadores de Colombia y Venezuela
1963 -Acerca del nombre del Perú
1963 -Documentos sobre la fundación de la Casa de Moneda en Santa Fe de Bogotá (1614-1635) conservados en el Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla
1963 -Historia de Pereira
1961 -Vida y luchas de don Juan del Valle, primer obispo de Popayán y protector de indios; estudio documental basado en investigaciones realizadas en los archivos de Colombia, España y el Vaticano
1959 -La censura española del siglo XVI y los libros de Historia de América
1957 -Los franciscanos y el clero en el nuevo reino de Granada durante el siglo XVI
1945 -El pintor colombiano The Colombian painter, Carlos Correa
Friede, Juan (1982), "La conquista del territorio y el poblamiento",Manual de Historia de Colombia, Instituto Colombiano de Cultura,1:116–122
Friede, Juan (1976),Fuentes documentales para la historia del Nuevo Reino de Granada: desde la instalación de la Real Audiencia en Santafé, Banco Popular, pp. _
Camacho Sánchez, Miguel; Zabaleta Lombana, Alberto; Covo Torres, Pedro C. (2007),Bibliografía general de Cartagena de Indias: F-O, Ediciones Pluma de Mompox, pp. 1–1259
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