Joseph Boussinesq
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
Born	(1842-03-13)13 March 1842 Saint-André-de-Sangonis,Hérault,France
Died	19 February 1929(1929-02-19) (aged 86) Paris,France
Alma mater	Faculty of Sciences of Paris
Known for	Boussinesq approximation in: buoyancy water waves turbulence
Awards	Poncelet Price,French Academy of Sciences (1871)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics Physics
Institutions	Faculty of Sciences of Lille (1872–1886) Faculty of Sciences of Paris (1896–1918)

Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (pronounced[ʒozɛfvalɑ̃tɛ̃businɛsk]; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was aFrenchmathematician andphysicist who made significant contributions to the theory ofhydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat.

From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor atFaculty of Sciences of Lille, lecturing differential and integral calculus atInstitut industriel du Nord (École centrale de Lille). From 1896 to his retirement in 1918, he was professor of mechanics atFaculty of Sciences of Paris.

John Scott Russell experimentally observedsolitary waves in 1834 and reported it during the 1844 Meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science. Subsequently, this was developed into the modern physics ofsolitons. In 1871, Boussinesq published the first mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation, and in 1877 introduced theKorteweg–De Vries equation. In 1876,Lord Rayleigh published his mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation. At the end of his paper,^[1] Rayleigh admitted that Boussinesq's theory came before his.

In 1897, he publishedThéorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides ("Theory of the swirling and agitated flow of liquids"), a work that greatly contributed to the study of turbulence and hydrodynamics.

The word "turbulence" was never used by Boussinesq. He used sentences such as "écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux" (vortex or tumultuous flow). The first mention of the word "turbulence" in French or English scientific fluid mechanics literature (the word "turbulence" existed in other context) can be found in a paper byLord Kelvin in 1887.^[2]

• Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides dans les lits rectilignes a grande section (vol.1) (Gauthier-Villars, 1897)
• Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 1, Fascicule 1 (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
• Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 1, Fascicule 2 (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
• Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 2, Fascicule 1 (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
• Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 2, Fascicule 2 (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
• Théorie analytique de la chaleur Volume 1 (Gauthier-Villars, 1901-1903)
• Théorie analytique de la chaleur Volume 2 (Gauthier-Villars, 1901-1903)
• Leçons synthétiques de mécanique générale servant d'introduction au cours de mécanique physique de la Faculté des sciences de Paris (Gauthier-Villars, 1889)
• Application des potentiels à l'étude de l'équilibre et du mouvement des solides élastiques (Gauthier-Villars, 1885)

Wikimedia Commons has media related toJoseph Valentin Boussinesq.

• Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy) for buoyancy-driven flows for small density differences in the fluid
• Boussinesq approximation (water waves) for long waves propagating on the surface of a fluid layer under the action of gravity
• Turbulence modeling andeddy viscosity for the Boussinesq approximation resulting in the use of an eddy viscosity to model the turbulenceReynolds stresses
• Boussinesq–Basset force for the history force on particles in an acceleratingStokes flow
• Basset–Boussinesq–Oseen equation (BBO equation) for the motion of – and forces on – a particle moving in anunsteady flow at lowReynolds numbers
• Boussinesq–Cerruti solution
• Clapotis
• Flamant solution
• Hagen–Poiseuille equation
• Laboratoire de mécanique de Lille

• Schmitt, F.G. (2007), "About Boussinesq's turbulent viscosity hypothesis: historical remarks and a direct evaluation of its validity",Comptes Rendus Mécanique,335 (9–10):617–627,Bibcode:2007CRMec.335..617S,CiteSeerX 10.1.1.591.5006,doi:10.1016/j.crme.2007.08.004,S2CID 32637068

• 1842 births
• 1929 deaths
• 19th-century French mathematicians
• 19th-century French physicists
• 20th-century French mathematicians
• 20th-century French physicists
• People from Hérault
• French fluid dynamicists
• Academic staff of the Lille University of Science and Technology
• Academic staff of the École centrale de Lille
• Members of the French Academy of Sciences
• University of Montpellier alumni
• Members of the Ligue de la patrie française
• Officers of the Legion of Honour
• Academic staff of the University of Paris
• Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
• University of Paris alumni

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