José de Espronceda | |
|---|---|
.jpg) El escritor José de Espronceda,portrait byAntonio María Esquivel (c.1845) (Museo del Prado, Madrid)[1] | |
| Born | José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (1808-03-25)25 March 1808 Almendralejo,Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain |
| Died | 23 May 1842(1842-05-23) (aged 34) Madrid, Spain |
| Resting place | Cementerio de San Justo |
| Occupation(s) | Poet, writer and journalist |
| Movement | Romanticism |
| Children | Blanca Espronceda de Escosura (1834–1900) |
| Father | Camilo de Espronceda |
José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (25 March 1808 – 23 May 1842)[2] was aRomantic Spanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century.[3] He was influenced byEugenio de Ochoa,Federico Madrazo,Alfred Tennyson,Richard Chenevix Trench andDiego de Alvear.[4]
Espronceda was born inAlmendralejo, at theProvince of Badajoz.[5] As a youth, he studied at the Colegio San Mateo atMadrid, havingAlberto Lista as a teacher. When he was 15 years old, he formed a secret society named "Los Numantinos" alongside his friendsVentura de la Vega andPatricio de la Escosura, conspiring againstFerdinand VII and intending to avenge the death ofRafael del Riego. For this, he was imprisoned in a monastery and exiled.[6] Afterward, he left Spain and lived inLisbon, Belgium, France, England andHolland. On his return to Spain in 1833, he became active in theextreme left-wing of Spanish political culture. Espronceda is also known for his affair withTeresa Mancha, for whom he wrote "Canto a Teresa" (fromEl diablo mundo). He died ofdiphtheria in 1842.
In 1902, his body was moved toPanteón de Hombres Ilustres, Spain.[7]
Having been inspired to a literary career by his teacherAlberto Lista, Espronceda began to write the historical poemEl Pelayo during his stay in the monastery. The poem was never completed. Later he wrote the novelSancho Saldaña. His other important works includeEl estudiante de Salamanca, whose main character is Don Félix de Montemar,El mendigo,¡Guerra!,Al dos de mayo andEl diablo mundo,[3] longlyric poems, the latter remained unfinished. Also important wereA Jarifa en una orgía,El verdugo,[3]El canto del cosaco,La canción del pirata[3] andHimno al sol. Many of his works display the tendencies ofRomanticism, and along withJosé Zorrilla he is considered Spain's most important Romantic poet, as well as the most rebellious.[citation needed]In 2006 Diego Martinez Torron has published the first annotated edition of the complete works of José de Espronceda with unpublished text, and with also unpublished text inEl otro Espronceda.[8][9]
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