José Tomás Ovalle y Bezanilla | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of Government Junta of Chile | |
| In office December 24, 1829 – February 18, 1830 | |
| Preceded by | Acephalous executive |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Ruiz-Tagle Portales |
| Acting President of Chile | |
| In office April 1, 1830 – March 8, 1831 | |
| Vice President | Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate |
| Preceded by | Francisco Ruiz-Tagle Portales |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1787-12-21)December 21, 1787 |
| Died | March 21, 1831(1831-03-21) (aged 43) Santiago, Chile |
| Spouse | Rafaela Bezanilla Bezanilla |
José Tomás Ovalle y Bezanilla (Latin American Spanish:[xoˈsetoˈmasoˈβaʝe]; December 21, 1787 – March 21, 1831) was aChileanpolitical figure. He served twice as provisionalpresident of Chile.
He was born in Santiago, the son of Vicente María Ovalle Guzmán and of María del Rosario Bezanilla y Noriega. He studied in theConvictorio Carolino and law at theUniversidad de San Felipe, where he obtained his doctorate in both laws in 1809. He married his cousin,Rafaela Bezanilla Bezanilla on April 1, 1812, and had eleven children.
Ovalle was twice elected deputy for Santiago (1823 and 1824–1825), supplementary senador (1824), Vice presidente of the Provincial Assembly of Santiago and was a delegate to the Plenipotentiaries Congress of 1830, being elected vice president.
When theChilean Civil War of 1829 broke out between the conservative centralists and the liberal federalists, PresidentFrancisco Antonio Pinto was forced twice to leave the post of president toFrancisco Ramón Vicuña Larraín. First, from July 14 to October 19, when Vicuña assumed power as President Delegate, and then finally when he resigned on November 2 and Vicuña assumed full power.
On December 7, 1829, the conservative troops under GeneralJosé Joaquín Prieto Vial, commander of the southern army, approached Santiago from the South. The conservative army decided to halt the march onto Santiago for a while and camped a few miles outside the city. The government under Vicuña fled northward toCoquimbo. On December 14, 1829, General Prieto and his troops met the liberal army underFrancisco de la Lastra and defeated them at theBattle of Ochagavía. Then, the two military leaders signed a peace treaty, which complicated the political situation further. Meanwhile, President Vicuña and his ministers were imprisoned by the victorious conservative troops inValparaiso.
Chile was without a leader for a few weeks (from December 7 to 24, 1829) until aGovernment Junta was organized and took control, in order to avoid the continuance of hostilities, under a neutral José Tomás Ovalle who was acceptable to both sides. This junta ruled the country from December 24, 1829, to February 18, 1830. Finally an agreement was found with the involvement ofRamón Freire which nominatedFrancisco Ruiz-Tagle Portales as acting president.
Because of internal dissent with his ministers, Ruiz-Tagle Portales resigned six weeks later on March 31, 1830, and was succeeded byvice president Ovalle who assumed as a transitional president, and held the position until the advanced state of histuberculosis forced him to ask for a constitutional leave on March 8, 1831. He died a few days later, on March 21, 1831, at 9 AM, and his remains were interred under the altar of the Santiago Cathedral, where they were lost during the renovations of the 19th century and found again in 2004.
After José Tomás Ovalle died, he was replaced by the President of the Plenipotentiaries Congress,Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate, who took over on March 31, 1831, with the title ofAccidental Vice President of the Republic. Errázuriz Aldunate called new elections, where GeneralJosé Joaquín Prieto Vial was elected. General Prieto was installed on September 18, 1831, and thus began the era of the decade governments.
| The Ovalle Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Term |
| President | José Tomás Ovalle y Bezanilla | 1 April 1830–8 March 1831 |
| Minister of the Interior & Foreign Affairs | Diego Portales | 5 April 1830–31 August 1831 |
| Minister of War & Navy | Diego Portales | 5 April 1830–25 September 1830 |
| ColonelJosé María de la Cruz | 25 September 1830–24 March 1831 | |
| Minister of Finance | Pbtro.Juan Francisco Meneses | 18 March 1830–15 June 1830 |
| Manuel Rengifo | 15 June 1830–9 November 1835 | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | President of the Government Junta of Chile 1829–1830 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | President of Chile 1830–1831 | Succeeded by |
