Johnson Hagood
80thGovernor of South Carolina
In office December 1, 1880 – December 1, 1882
Lieutenant	John D. Kennedy
Preceded by	Thomas Bothwell Jeter
Succeeded by	Hugh Smith Thompson
20thComptroller General of South Carolina
In office December 14, 1876 – December 1, 1880
Governor	Wade Hampton III William Dunlap Simpson Thomas Bothwell Jeter
Preceded by	Thomas C. Dunn
Succeeded by	John C. Coit
Personal details
Born	Johnson Hagood (1829-02-21)February 21, 1829 Barnwell, South Carolina, U.S
Died	January 4, 1898(1898-01-04) (aged 68) Barnwell, South Carolina, U.S.
Resting place	Church of the Holy Apostles (Barnwell, South Carolina)
Party	Democratic Party
Spouse	Eloise B. Butler
Alma mater	The Citadel
Profession	Planter, soldier, politician
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Confederate States of America
Branch/service	Confederate States Army
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Brigadier general
Unit	1st South Carolina Infantry
Battles/wars	American Civil War Battle of Fort Sumter Northern Virginia Campaign Second Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Fort Wagner Overland Campaign Battle of Drewry's Bluff Battle of Cold Harbor Richmond-Petersburg Campaign Wilmington Campaign Battle of Wilmington

Johnson Hagood (February 21, 1829 – January 4, 1898) was a Confederate-American planter, soldier and military officer in theConfederate States Army during theAmerican Civil War, reaching the rank ofbrigadier general in the state militia and regular Confederate Army in 1862.

After the war, he became a politician in theDemocratic Party. After being elected in 1876 asComptroller General and serving a term to 1880, he was elected after theReconstruction era as the 80thgovernor of South Carolina, serving a standard two-year term from 1880 to 1882.^[1]

Born in 1829 inBarnwell, South Carolina, to a planter family, Hagood attended the privateRichmond Academy inAugusta, Georgia. He attended theSouth Carolina Military Academy (nowThe Citadel), graduating in 1847 at the top of his class. He was admitted to thebar in 1850, but never practiced law.

When the Civil War began in 1861, Hagood enlisted as a private in the First South Carolina Volunteers. He demonstrated remarkable skills in the military arts and rose rapidly through the ranks of the enlisted and subsequently as an officer. By 1862, due to his bravery in the field and considerable administrative acumen in camp, he was appointed abrigadier general and assistant adjutant general of the South Carolina Militia. His first commission in theConfederate States Army was as acolonel in the 1st (Hagood's) South Carolina Infantry. He participated in theBattle of Fort Sumter and theSecond Battle of Bull Run, receiving appointment to brigadier general, effective July 21, 1862.^[2]

During the 1864Overland Campaign, Hagood brought a brigade north toPetersburg, Virginia, and fought under Major GeneralRobert F. Hoke in the battles ofDrewry's Bluff andCold Harbor. He and his men served in the entrenchments at theSiege of Petersburg until December 1864, when Hoke's Division was ordered to the relief ofFort Fisher. Hagood commandedFort Anderson during theBattle of Wilmington.

After defeating ColonelRobert Gould Shaw and the all-black54th Massachusetts Regiment at the secondBattle of Fort Wagner in July 1863, commanding Confederate General Johnson Hagood had the bodies of nearly all the dead Union officers returned to their lines, as was customary. But he deliberately had Shaw's body stripped, robbed, and buried in a mass grave with his black soldiers, which was considered an insult. Like many Confederate officers, he believed that the African-American soldiers were fugitive slaves and characterized the attack on the fort as a slave revolt led by Shaw. Regarding Shaw, Hagood reportedly told a captured Union surgeon that “Had he been in command of white troops, I should have given him an honorable burial; as it is, I shall bury him in the common trench with the niggers that fell with him.”^[3]

At the end of the war, Hagood's troops were serving under GeneralJoseph E. Johnston in North Carolina. He may have surrendered with Johnston atDurham Station in April, 1865, although Hagood's brigade was then commanded by its senior colonel at the time.^[4] No record of Hagood's parole has ever been found.^[5]

After the war, Hagood resumed operating his plantation. Like other planters, he struggled with the change to free labor after slaves were emancipated. Manyfreedmen who had been associated with his plantation continued to work for him, but others left for towns and urban areas.

He opposed the administration ofRadical Republicans duringReconstruction. He actively campaigned for fellow Confederate generalWade Hampton III in the1876 gubernatorial contest and was elected on the Democratic state ticket asComptroller General. The campaign season was marked by white violence againstfreedmen, to suppress their voting and defeat Republicans, and many county returns were noted for fraud, where intimidation of freedmen had continued by Democrats at the polls.

Hagood served one term as Comptroller General. In 1880, he was nominated by thestate Democrats for governor and easily won thegubernatorial election that fall, as Democrats again suppressed Black voting and the federal government had withdrawn its troops in 1877. Hagood's major achievement in his two-year term, to December 1882, was the reopening of The Citadel in 1882.^[6]

Hagood died in Barnwell on January 4, 1898. He was buried atChurch of the Holy Apostles Episcopal cemetery.

• Johnson Hagood Stadium at The Citadel was named in his honor.
• Hagood, South Carolina is named for him, as well as several streets throughout South Carolina.
• Image: Johnson Hagood Portrait at theSouth Carolina State House

• List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

• Bradley, Mark L.,This Astounding Close: The Road to Bennett Place, University of North Carolina Press, 2006,ISBN 0-8078-5701-7.
• Eicher, John H., andDavid J. Eicher,Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
• Sifakis, Stewart.Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988.ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.
• Warner, Ezra J.Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.

• SCIway Biography of Johnson Hagood
• NGA Biography of Johnson Hagood
• The Citadel Archives, Hagood, Johnson, 1829-1898Archived July 20, 2011, at theWayback Machine

• 1829 births
• 1898 deaths
• The Citadel alumni
• People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
• Confederate States Army brigadier generals
• Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
• People from Barnwell, South Carolina
• University of South Carolina trustees
• 19th-century South Carolina politicians
• South Carolina comptrollers general
• 19th-century owners of plantations in the United States
• Neo-Confederates
• Owners of plantations in South Carolina

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