On his way to become a seven-time Grand Prix motorcycle World Champion, he won his first title in 1956, and followed with three consecutive doubles between 1958 and 1960, winning six World Championships in both the 500 and 350cc classes. Surtees then made the move to the pinnacle of four-wheeled motorsport, the Formula One World Championship, and in 1964 made motor racing history by becoming the Formula One World Champion. He founded theSurtees Racing Organisation team that competed as a constructor in Formula One,Formula 2 andFormula 5000 from 1970 to 1978. He was also the ambassador of theRacing Steps Foundation.
Surtees was the son of a south-London motorcycle dealer.[1] His father Jack Surtees was an accomplished grasstrack competitor and in 1948 was the South Eastern Centre Sidecar Champion.[2] He had his first professional outing, which they won, in the sidecar of his father'sVincent at the age of 14.[1] However, when race officials discovered Surtees's age, they were disqualified.[1] He entered his first race at 15 in agrasstrack competition. In 1950, at the age of 16, he went to work for the Vincent factory as an apprentice.[1][3] He first gained prominence in 1951 when he gaveNorton starGeoff Duke a strong challenge in anACU race at theThruxton Circuit.[1]
In1955, Norton race chief Joe Craig gave Surtees his first factory-sponsored ride aboard the Nortons.[1] He finished the year by beating reigning world champion Duke atSilverstone and then atBrands Hatch.[1] However, with Norton in financial trouble and uncertain about their racing plans, Surtees accepted an offer to race for theMV Agusta factory racing team, where he soon earned the nicknamefiglio del vento (son of the wind).[4]
Surtees in action during the 1960 500cc Dutch TT.
In1956, Surtees won the500 cc world championship,[5] MV Agusta's first in the senior class.[4] In this Surtees was assisted by theFIM's decision to ban the defending champion, Geoff Duke, for six months because of his support for a riders' strike for more starting money.[6] In the1957 season, the MV Agustas were no match for theGileras and Surtees battled to a third-place finish aboard a 1957 MV Agusta 500 Quattro.[1][5][7]
WhenGilera andMoto Guzzi withdrew from Grand Prix racing at the end of1957, Surtees and MV Agusta went on to dominate the competition in the two larger displacement classes.[1] In1958,1959 and1960, he won 32 out of 39 races and became the first man to win theSenior TT at theIsle of Man TT three years in succession.[5][8]
While still racing motorcycles full-time, Surtees performed a test drive in Aston Martin'sDBR1 sports car in front of team manager Reg Parnell. He however continued on two wheels and did not enter car racing until the following year.
After spending the1961 season with the Yeoman Credit Racing Team driving a Cooper T53 "Lowline" managed by Reg Parnell and the1962 season with the Bowmaker Racing Team, still managed by Reg Parnell but now in the V8 Lola Mk4, he moved toScuderia Ferrari in 1963 and won the World Championship for the Italian team in1964.[3][11]
On 25 September 1965, Surtees had a life-threatening accident at theMosport Park Circuit (Ontario, Canada) while practising in aLola T70 sports racing car.[3] A front upright casting had broken. A.J. Baime in his bookGo Like Hell says Surtees came out of the crash with one side of his body four inches shorter than the other.[12] Doctors set most of the breaks nonsurgically, in part by physically stretching his shattered body until the right-left discrepancy was under an inch – and there it stayed.
The1966 season saw the introduction of new, larger 3-litre engines to Formula One.[13] Surtees's debut with Ferrari's new F1 car was at the1966 BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone, where he qualified and finished a close second behindJack Brabham's 3-litreBrabham BT19.[14] A few weeks later, Surtees led the Monaco Grand Prix, pulling away fromJackie Stewart's 2-litreBRM on the straights, before the engine failed. A fortnight later Surtees survived the first lap rainstorm which eliminated half the field and won theBelgian Grand Prix.[15]
Due to perennial strikes in Italy, Ferrari could afford to enter only two cars (Ferrari P3s) for the1966 24 Hours of Le Mans instead of its usual entry of three prototypes. Uncertainty and confusion surrounds subsequent events and their consequences, and a number of different explanations have been offered in the decades since. The narrative explained by Ferrari at the time states that under Le Mans rules in 1966 each car was allowed only two drivers.[16] Surtees was omitted from the driver line-up[16] with one works Ferrari to be driven by Mike Parkes and Ludovico Scarfiotti, and the other by Jean Guichet and Lorenzo Bandini. When Surtees questioned Ferrari team managerEugenio Dragoni as to why, as the Ferrari team leader, he would not be allowed to compete, Dragoni told Surtees that he did not feel that he was fully fit to drive in a 24-hour endurance race because of the injuries he had sustained in late 1965.[16] However, Surtees himself described things somewhat differently. In his recollection, when the pairings were announced he was to drive alongside Scarfiotti. As the faster driver of the two, Surtees argued that he should take the first stint and "try to break" the Ford opposition by driving "flat out from the start".[17] Dragoni denied Surtees's request and insisted that Scarfiotti take the start, supposedly to pleaseFiat chairmanGianni Agnelli, Scarfiotti's uncle, who was in attendance as a spectator.[17] Either way, the decision and subsequent lack of support from Enzo Ferrari were deeply upsetting to Surtees and he immediately quit the team.[16] This decision likely cost both Ferrari and Surtees the Formula 1 Championship in 1966. Ferrari finished second to Brabham-Repco in the Constructors' Championship and Surtees finished second to Jack Brabham in the Drivers' Championship.[3][18] Surtees finished the season driving for theCooper-Maserati team, winning the last race of the season.[19]
Surtees competed with a T70 in the inaugural1966 Can-Am season,[20][21] winning three races of six to become champion[22] over other winners Dan Gurney (Lola), Mark Donohue (Lola) and Phil Hill (Chaparral) as well as the likes of Bruce McLaren and Chris Amon (both in McLarens).[23]
In December 1966, Surtees signed forHonda.[24] After a promising third place in the first race inSouth Africa, theHonda RA273 hit a series of mechanical problems. The car was replaced by theHonda RA300 for theItalian Grand Prix, where Surteesslipstreamed Jack Brabham to take Honda's second F1 victory by 0.2 seconds. Surtees finished fourth in the 1967 Drivers' Championship.[11]
The same year, Surtees drove in theRex Mays 300 atRiverside, near Los Angeles, in aUnited States Auto Club season-ending road race. This event pitted the best American drivers of the day – normally those who had cut their teeth as professional drivers on oval dirt tracks – against veteran Formula One Grand Prix drivers, includingJim Clark andDan Gurney.[25]
In1970, Surtees formed his own race team, theSurtees Racing Organisation, and spent nine seasons competing inFormula 5000,Formula 2 and Formula 1 as a constructor.[3] He retired from competitive driving in1972, the same year the team had their greatest success whenMike Hailwood won the EuropeanFormula 2 Championship.[26] The team was finally disbanded at the end of1978.[27]
For a while in the 1970s Surtees ran a motorcycle shop in West Wickham, Kent, and a Honda car dealership in Edenbridge, Kent.[28] He continued his involvement in motorcycling, participating in classic events with bikes from his stable of vintage racing machines. He also remained involved in single-seater racing cars and held the position of chairman ofA1 Team Great Britain, in theA1 Grand Prix racing series from 2005 to 2007.[29] His son,Henry Surtees, competed in the FIA Formula 2 Championship, Formula Renault UK Championship and theFormula BMW UK championship forCarlin Motorsport,[30] before he died while racing in the Formula 2 championship at Brands Hatch on 19 July 2009.[31] In 2010,[32] Surtees founded the Henry Surtees Foundation in his son's memory, as a charitable organization to assist victims of accidental brain injuries and to promote safety in driving and motorsport.[33][34]
In 2013, Surtees was awarded the 2012Segrave Trophy in recognition of multiple world championships, and being the only person to win world titles on 2 and 4 wheels.[41]
Surtees married three times, first to Patricia Burke in 1962; the couple divorced in 1979. His second wife was Janis Sheara, whom he married in 1979 and they divorced in 1982. Jane Sparrow was his third wife, whom he married in 1987, and with whom he had three children, includingHenry. Henry would later become a racing driver, but was killed atBrands Hatch in the2009 FIA Formula Two Championship.[44]
Surtees died of respiratory failure on 10 March 2017 atSt George's Hospital in London, at the age of 83.[29][38][45] He was buried, next to his son Henry, at St Peter and St Paul's Church inLingfield, Surrey.
A tribute to Surtees was held at the Goodwood Members Meeting on 19 March 2017.[46]