John Still | |
|---|---|
 Bishop John Still, effigy in Wells Cathedral | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | c. 1543 |
| Died | 1607/08 (aged 64) |
| Resting place | Wells Cathedral |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Church of England |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | England |
| Period in office | 1593–1608 |
John Still (c. 1543 – 26 February 1607/1608) was Master of twoCambridge colleges and then, from 1593,Bishop of Bath and Wells. He enjoyed considerable fame as an English preacher and disputant.[1] He was formerly reputed to be the author of an early English comedy drama,Gammer Gurton's Needle.
Still was born 1543 inGrantham, Lincolnshire. After finishing school atThe King's School, Grantham,[2] he became a student atChrist's College, Cambridge, where he gained aBA in 1562, aMA in 1565, and aDD doctorate in 1575.[3] In 1561 he became a fellow of his college and tookholy orders.[4]
Still was appointed in 1570 to beLady Margaret's Professor of Divinity, and later held livings inSuffolk, where he wasArchdeacon of Sudbury from 1576 to 1593, and inYorkshire. He was then Master successively ofSt John's College (1574) and ofTrinity College (1577). Still was Vice-Chancellor of his university in 1575/1576 and again in 1592/1593. He was raised to the bishopric of Bath and Wells in 1593.[4] In 1604 he bought the manor ofHutton, Somerset, east of Wells and to the west of theMendip Hills, with its residence,Hutton Court.
John Still died on 26 February 1608, leaving a large fortune from lead mines discovered in the Mendips.[4] There is a fine monument to him in the northtransept ofWells Cathedral, erected by his son Nathaniel.
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John Still was married twice:
Wells Cathedral has a large canopied tomb with a recumbent effigy of the Bishop, situated against the east wall of the chapel between the north aisle and the Chapter House. It was repainted in the 19th century. It bears a Latin inscription:[10]
Memoriae sacrum Joanni Still Episcopo Bathoniensi et Wellensi, Sacras Theologia Doctori Acerrimo Christianae Veritatis propugnatori non minus vitas integritate quam veria doctrina claro qui cum Domino diu vigilasset in Christo spe certa resurgendi obdormivit die XXVI Februarii mdcvii Vixit annos LXIIII sedit episcopus XVI Nathaniel Still filius primogenitus optimo patri maerens pietatis ergo posuit
("Sacred to the memory of John Still, Bishop of Bath and Wells, Doctor of Theology, keenest warrior for Christian Virtue famed no less in integrity of life than for True Doctrine, who, when he had long kept vigil with the Lord, went to sleep in Christ on the 26th day of February 1607 in the certain hope of rising again. He lived for 64 years, sat as Bishop for 16. Nathaniel Still first-born son mourning the best father thus placed it of piety")
Above it are threeescutcheons, left to right:Azure, a saltire per saltire and per cross counter changed argent and or (See of Wells); the same,impaling Still; Still, alone.
There exists also a stone memorial to Nathaniel Still (died 1626), son of Bishop Still. Nathaniel kneels at prayer to the left, in front of his own son, who predeceased him. Kneeling opposite is his wife, Jane Whitmore, in front of their daughters. Below is a text alluding to the Bishop, who "first raised the name" (of Still):
"In memory of Nathanill Still of this parrish Esq., who dyed the second day of February Anno Domini 1626. Not that he needeth monuments of stone for his well-gotten fame to rest uppon but this was reard to testifie that hee lives in theire loves ye yet surviving for unto vertu who first raised his name hee left the preservation of the same and to posterity remaine it shall when brass and marble monuments shall fall"
Gammer Gurton's Needle is the second earliest extant Englishcomedy, properly so called.[11] Still, whose reputation as a serious churchman cannot easily be reconciled with the buffoonery inA Ryght Pithy, Pleasaunt and merie Comedie: Intytuled Gammer Gurtons Nedle, was first credited with its authorship byIsaac Reed in his 1782 edition ofBiographia dramatica. The title-page of the piece, which was printed byThomas Colwell in 1575, states that it was played not long before atChrist's College, Cambridge, and was "made by Mr S. Mr of Art." A play was acted at Christmas 1567, and Still was identified as being the only MA on the register at that time whose name began with S.[4]
There are reasons to suppose, however, that the play had been in Colwell's hands some time before it was printed, and it may well be identical with theDyccon of Bedlam for which he took out a licence in 1562–1563, "Diccon the Bedlem" being first in thedramatis personae ofGammer Gurton. The accounts of Christ's College for 1559–1560 include the entry, "Spent at Mr Stevenson's plaie, 5s."[4]
William Stevenson was born atHunwick,Durham, matriculated in 1546, took his MA degree in 1553, and becameBD in 1560. He was a fellow of Christ's College in 1559–1561 and can perhaps to be identified with a William Stevenson who was a fellow in 1551–1554. If so, there is reason to believe that the composition ofGammer Gurton's Needle should be ascribed to the earlier period. Stevenson was madeprebendary of Durham in 1560–1561 and died in 1575.[12][4]
ContemporaryPuritan writers in theMarprelate tracts allude to DrJohn Bridges, Dean of Salisbury, author ofA Defence of the Government of the Church of England, as the reputed author ofGammer Gurton's Needle, but he obviously could not be properly described as "Mr. S". Dr Bridges took his MA degree atPembroke College, Cambridge, in 1560. The wit and periodic coarseness of his acknowledged work makes it reasonable to suppose he may have been a coadjutor of the author.[4]
In the light of the authorship discussion,Gammer Gurton's Needle is thought to date from about 1553. Though less overt in its use of Latin comedic conventions than its contemporaryRalph Roister Doister, several scholars have noted the play's parodic treatment ofTerentian comedy. The plot centres on the loss of a needle belonging to Gammer Gurton. This is eventually found when her servant, Hodge, is slapped on the buttocks by the trickster Diccon and discovers it in the seat of his breeches.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Still, John".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 920.| Academic offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Master of St John's College, Cambridge 1574–1577 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Master of Trinity College, Cambridge 1577–1593 | Succeeded by |
| Church of England titles | ||
| Preceded by | Bishop of Bath and Wells 1593–1608 | Succeeded by |
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