The Right Honourable The Earl Spencer PCDLFRS
Lord Spencer as Chancellor of the Exchequer byHenry Pierce Bone.
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office 22 November 1830 – 14 November 1834
Prime Minister	The Earl Grey The Viscount Melbourne
Preceded by	Henry Goulburn
Succeeded by	Sir Robert Peel
Leader of the House of Commons
In office 22 November 1830 – 14 November 1834
Prime Minister	The Earl Grey The Viscount Melbourne
Preceded by	Sir Robert Peel
Succeeded by	Sir Robert Peel
Personal details
Born	(1782-05-30)30 May 1782 St James's,Middlesex, England
Died	1 October 1845(1845-10-01) (aged 63) Wiseton, Nottinghamshire, England
Political party	Whig
Spouse	Esther Acklom ​ ​ (m. 1814; died 1818)​
Parent(s)	George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer Lady Lavinia Bingham
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge

John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer,PC, DL, FRS (30 May 1782 – 1 October 1845), styledViscount Althorp from 1783 to 1834, was a Britishstatesman andabolitionist. He wasChancellor of the Exchequer underLord Grey andLord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. Due to his reputation for integrity, he was nicknamed "Honest Jack".

His fatherGeorge Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer had served in the ministries ofPitt the Younger,Charles James Fox andLord Grenville, and wasFirst Lord of the Admiralty (1794–1801). George Spencer was married to the eldest daughter ofLord Lucan. Their eldest son, John Charles, was born atSpencer House, London, on 30 May 1782. In 1800, afterHarrow, he took up his residence atTrinity College, Cambridge,^[1] and for some time applied himself energetically to mathematical studies; but he spent most of his time in hunting and racing.^[2] He was appointed adeputy lieutenant of Northamptonshire on 5 June 1803.^[3]

In 1804, he enteredparliament as a member forOkehampton in Devon. He vacated his seat in 1806, to contest theUniversity of Cambridge againstLord Henry Petty andLord Palmerston (when he was hopelessly beaten), but he was elected that same year forSt Albans, and appointed a lord of the treasury. At the general election in November 1806, he was elected forNorthamptonshire, and he continued to sit for the county until he succeeded to thepeerage. For the next few years after this speech, Lord Althorp occasionally spoke in debates and was always on the side of Liberalism, but from 1813 to 1818 he was only rarely in the House of Commons. His absence was partly due to a feeling that it was hopeless to struggle against the will of theTory ministry, but more particularly because of the death of his wife.^[2]

In 1819, on his return to political life, he pressed for establishing a more efficientbankruptcy court, and of expediting the recovery of small debts; and he saw both these reforms accomplished before 1825. During the greater part of the reign ofGeorge IV, theWhigs lost their influence in the state from their want of cohesion, but this defect was soon remedied in 1830 when Lord Althorp was chosen their leader in the lower house, and his capacity for the position was proved by experience. InLord Grey's government Althorp was bothLeader of the House of Commons andChancellor of the Exchequer.^[2] He was instrumental in the success of the government measures. Along withLord John Russell, he led the fight to pass theReform Bill of 1832, making more than twenty speeches. It was also under Spencer's leadership and consistentlobbying that the House of Commonsabolished slavery throughout the British Empire in 1833.^[4][5]

After the dissolution of 1833, the Whig government had been slowly dying, and was further weakened by Althorp's promotion to theHouse of Lords following the death of his father in 1834. The new Lord Spencer abandoned the cares of office and returned to country life with unalloyed delight. Henceforth agriculture, not politics, was his principal interest. He was a notable cattle breeder and the first president of theRoyal Agricultural Society which was founded in 1838, the year he paidhomage toQueen Victoria at herCoronation.^[6] Though often urged by his political friends to come to their assistance, he rarely quit the peaceful pleasures which he loved. He died without issue atWiseton on 1 October 1845, and was succeeded by his brotherFrederick (died 1857).^[7]

The Whigs required, to carry the Reform Bill, a leader above party spirit. "Honest Jack Althorp" has been called "the most decent man who ever held high Government office". Although he was not a particularly good public speaker, his integrity was an invaluable asset to the Government.Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge said that one ofJohn Wilson Croker's speeches was demolished by the simple statement of Lord Althorp that he "had collected some figures which entirely refuted it, but had lost them."^[7] To Croker's credit, he replied that he would never doubt Althorp's word.

Spencer Street inMelbourne, is named in his honour.

On 13 April 1814, Spencer marriedEsther Acklom (September 1788 – 11 June 1818) at Upper Brook Street,Mayfair, London. Cokayne quotes from theFarington Diaries, "in marrying He complied with the wishes of Lord and Lady Spencer, it was not of His own seeking" and from the Letter Bag ofLady Elizabeth Spencer-Stanhope, "since Jack Althorp would not propose to her, she proposed to him; and such an unusual proceeding was fraught with happy consequences ... his devotion after marriage amply compensated for his lack of ardour before." Esther died on 11 June 1818 at the age of 29 atHalkin Street, Belgravia, London, England, in childbirth and she was buried on 18 June 1818 in Brington, Northamptonshire, England. John was said to be deeply upset by his wife's death and was devoted to her memory for the rest of his life: he resolved never to remarry, and it is said that he gave up hunting, his favourite pastime, to mark the depth of his loss.

Coat of arms of John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer

Coronet ACoronet of an Earl Crest Out of a Ducal Coronet Or a Griffin's Head Azure gorged with a Bar Gemelle Gules between two Wings expanded of the second Escutcheon Quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a Fret Or over all on a Bend Sable three Escallops of the first Supporters Dexter: A Griffin per fess Ermine and Erminois gorged with a Collar Sable the edges flory-counterflory and chained of the last and on the Collar three Escallops Argent; Sinister: A Wyvern Erect on his tail Ermine similarly collared and chained Motto Dieu Defend Le Droit (God defend the right)

• T.C. Banks (1837).The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England, volume 4.
• W.A. Bartlett (1865).The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Wimbledon, Surrey.
• E. Brydges (1812).Collin's Peerage of England, volume 3.
• A.P. Burke (1931).A Heraldic and Genealogical History of the Peerage.
• J. Burke (1836).A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 3.
• C.E.H. Chadwyck-Healey (1901).The History of the Part of West Somerset Comprising the Parishes of Luccombe, Selworthy, Stoke Pero, Porlock, Culbone and Ore.
• J. Burke and J.B. Burke (1841).A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland, and Scotland.
• G.E. Cokayne (1892).Complete Peerage, 1st edition, volume 4.
• G.E. Cokayne (1893).Complete Peerage, 1st edition, volume 5.
• G.E. Cokayne (1896).Complete Peerage, 1st edition, volume 7.
• G.E. Cokayne (1902).Complete Baronetage, volume 2.
• F.W. Weaver and C.H. Mayo (eds.) (1895).Notes and Queries for Somerset and Dorset, volume 4.
• G.E. Cokayne (1892). "Complete Peerage", volume 13. page 156.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Spencer, John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 637–638.
• Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898)."Spencer, John Charles" .Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 53. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• Ellis Archer Wasson (2004). "Spencer, John Charles, Viscount Althorp and third Earl Spencer (1782–1845)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26133. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)

• Myers, Ernest (1890)Lord Althorp. 240 p. London: R. Bentley
• Wasson, Ellis Archer (1987)Whig Renaissance: Lord Althorp and the Whig Party 1782–1845. 439 p.; London: Garland.

• Hansard 1803–2005:contributions in Parliament by John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer

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