Movatterモバイル変換

John Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

British Conservative politician (1799–1880)

The Right Honourable The Lord Hampton GCB PC FRS
The 1st Baron Hampton,c. 1867

Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
In office 17 February 1852 – 17 December 1852
Monarch	Queen Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Derby
Preceded by	The Earl Grey
Succeeded by	The Duke of Newcastle
Secretary of State for War
In office 8 March 1867 – 1 December 1868
Monarch	Queen Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Derby Benjamin Disraeli
Preceded by	Jonathan Peel
Succeeded by	Edward Cardwell

Personal details
Born	(1799-02-20)20 February 1799
Died	(1880-04-09)9 April 1880 (aged 81) Eaton Square,London
Nationality	British
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	(1) Mary Slaney (d. 1843) (2) Augusta Murray (d. 1848) (3) Augusta de Crespigny
Alma mater	Oriel College, Oxford

John Somerset Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton,GCB, PC, FRS (20 February 1799 – 9 April 1880), known asSir John Pakington, Bt, from 1846 to 1874, was a BritishConservative politician.

Background and education

[edit]

Pakington was born John Somerset Russell, the son of William Russell (1750–1812) and Elizabeth Pakington, sister and heiress of Sir John Pakington, 8th Baronet.^[1] His birthplace was Slaughter's Court,Powick, Worcestershire.^[2] His father was a barrister and magistrate, the son of a surgeon ofWorcester of the same name, and first cousin ofWilliam Oldnall Russell, and had first been married to Mary Cocks, with whom he had a daughter, Mary.^[3] He was left an orphan when his mother died in 1813:^[2] his half-sister Mary had married in 1806 the Rev. Henry Barry Domvile, and Domvile from 1811 had the living near Powick ofLeigh withBransford.^[3]^[4] John was educated atEton College and matriculated atOriel College, Oxford in 1818.^[2]^[5]

A second son, John became the heir when his elder brother William Herbert Russell died in 1819, and he left Oxford without a degree.^[2] In 1827 he fought a duel over a matter concerning the Worcestershire Hunt. It took place atKempsey, when he and John Parker, Master of the Hunt, fired at each other without injury.^[6]

Russell assumed in 1831 by royal licence the surname of Pakington in lieu of his paternal surname, having inherited in 1830 the estates of his maternal uncle, Sir John Pakington, which he held jointly with the baronet's younger sister, Ann Pakington.^[2]^[7] The estate includedWestwood House, Worcestershire, and Pakington moved there with his first wife, Mary, in 1832.

Political career

[edit]

Pakington had a family connection toSir Compton Domvile, 1st Baronet, a Tory Member of Parliament in the 1820s and early 1830s, and the brother of Henry Barry Domvile who had married his half-sister Mary.^[8] He turned down the chance to stand as a reform candidate at the1831 general election, instead speaking for the ToryHenry Beauchamp Lygon standing forWorcestershire.^[9] He was elected at the fourth attempt as the ToryMember of Parliament forDroitwich in 1837, a seat he held until 1874.^[1]

Pakington is considered aliberal conservative.^[10] He was first given office by SirRobert Peel in 1841 and created in 1846 Baronet Pakington of the second creation, of Westwood in the County of Worcester.^[1]

1850s and 1860s

[edit]

Pakington served underLord Derby's one-year administration, asSecretary of State for War and the Colonies in 1852.^[1] He announced the end ofpenal transportation toVan Diemen's Land, shortly to be known as Tasmania.^[11] He gave the green light toresponsible government inNew South Wales, which came about in 1855.^[12] Pressed byCharles Adderley, he grantedNew Zealand a constitution qualified by London's control of policy on indigenous peoples.^[13]

In opposition Pakington developed an interest in education reform. He was sworn of thePrivy Council in 1852, and became a member of its Committee of Council on Education, which oversaw spending of public money on primary education.^[14]^[15]^[16] He introduced in 1855 an unsuccessful Education Bill which foreshadowed theElementary Education Act 1870. As withLord John Russell's previous effort, it foundered on the issue ofAnglican schools that supposednonconformist financial support.^[17]

With the Tories back in power, Pakington again held office under Lord Derby, asFirst Lord of the Admiralty from 1858 to 1859 and from 1866 to 1867. As First Lord he commissioned the first ironclad warship,HMSWarrior, launched in 1860. Following design work byJohn Scott Russell working withBaldwin Wake Walker, the time was ripe, given the French appointment of the naval architectHenri Dupuy de Lôme.^[18]

Under Derby and his successor,Benjamin Disraeli, Pakington wasSecretary of State for War from 1867 to 1868.^[1] He was appointed aGCB in 1859.^[14] He chaired the Pakington Inquiry on education in 1865.^[15]

A butt of Derby's robust sense of humour, Pakington at a dinner in 1858 found himself being toasted by Derby who proposed "Sir John Pakington and the Wooden Spoons of Old England", the parliamentarywooden spoon being given to the Member who voted the fewest times in a session. Another anecdote had him late for a Cabinet meeting and excusing himself as having been "atSpithead", where naval reviews were held. Derby replied with a sarcastic pun onswell, meaningdandy as well as a form of wave.^[19]

1870s

[edit]

Pakington caricatured by "ATn" inVanity Fair, 1870

In 1871 Pakington addressed theSocial Science Congress, speaking on the "New Social Alliance", with which Disraeli was toying.^[20] The term referred to discussions being held between Conservative Party leaders and workers' representatives.^[21] They aroused hostility from Tory backbenchers;^[22] andGeorge Charles Brodrick called it a "semi-communistic programme".^[23] Pakington had joined the ephemeral movement of John Scott Russell, signing withStafford Northcote,Gathorne Hardy and some of the House of Lords a memorandum on social reform measures to be taken, the "seven points".^[24]^[25] In October, in an article "The New Social Movement", theSaturday Review commented:

The pompous announcement of an alliance between the aristocracy and the artisans bears traces of Mr. Disraeli's earlier manner; but a serious belief in the practicability in the present day of a limited and regulated socialism is only worthy of Sir John Pakington or ofLord John Manners. WhenConingsby andSybil were published, there had been no insurrection of aParis Commune, nor hadMr. Mill and theLand and Labour League attacked directly or indirectly the right of property in land.^[26]

Pakington, by now unpopular with Tory leaders, lost his seat in the Commons in the1874 general election, defeated on a large swing from 1868 byJohn Corbett, a local Liberal.^[2]^[27] He was raised to the peerage asBaron Hampton, ofHampton Lovett and of Westwood in the County of Worcester.

Other public appointments

[edit]

Hampton served for many years as chairman of the Worcestershire Quarter Sessions. He was elected aFellow of the Royal Society in June 1858.^[28] He was also President of theRoyal Statistical Society from 1861 to 1863 andChief Civil Service Commissioner from 1875 until his death. He was also the president of the Institution of Naval Architects from its inception in 1860 until months before his death.^[29]

Death

[edit]

Lord Hampton died at his London home in April 1880, aged 81, and was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, John Slaney Pakington.^[30]

Family

[edit]

He was three times married:^[30]

Firstly, in 1822 as John Somerset Russell, to Mary Slaney, daughter of Moreton Aglionby Slaney; she died in 1843.
Secondly, in 1844, to Augusta, daughter of the Right ReverendGeorge Murray; she died in 1848.
Thirdly, in 1851, to Augusta Anne, daughter ofThomas Champion Crespigny MP, and widow ofThomas Henry Hastings Davies MP.

His son John Slaney Pakington (born 1826) by the first marriage became the 2nd Baron Hampton; he had a son Herbert Perrott Murray Pakington (born 1846) by the second marriage, who became the 3rd Baron Hampton, and was father of Herbert Stuart Pakington who on his death in 1906 became the 4th Baron. There were no children of the third marriage.^[31]^[32]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Pakington" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 521.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fChilcott, Paul. "Pakington [formerly Russell], John Somerset, first Baron Hampton".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21149. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)
^^a ^bGrazebrook, Henry Sydney (1873).The Heraldry of Worcestershire. Vol. II. J.R. Smith. p. 480.
^"Domville, Henry Barry (1804–1833)".The Clergy of the Church of England Database 1540–1835. CCEd Person ID 10648. Retrieved12 January 2021.
^Foster, Joseph (1888–1891)."Pakington, John Somerset" .Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: James Parker – viaWikisource.
^Tuberville, T. C. (1852).Worcestershire in the nineteenth century. A complete digest of facts occurring in the county since the commencement of the year 1800. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 265.
^Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry. Vol. II. London: H. Colburn. 1847. p. 991.
^Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Burke's Peerage Limited. 1878. p. 371.
^The Illustrated London News. Vol. 20. Leighton. 1852. p. 321.
^Ellens, J. P. (1994).Religious Routes to Gladstonian Liberalism: The Church Rate Conflict in England and Wales 1852-1868. Penn State Press. p. 148.ISBN 978-0-271-04283-1.
^Pike, Douglas (1966).Australia: The Quiet Continent. CUP Archive. p. 91.
^Clune, David (2006).The Premiers of New South Wales, 1856-2005. Vol. 1. Federation Press. p. 21.ISBN 978-1-86287-550-0.
^Childe-Pemberton, William Shakespear (1909).Life of Lord Norton (Right Hon. Sir Charles Adderley, K. C. M. G., M. P.) 1814–1905, statesman & philanthropist. London : J. Murray. p. 112.
^^a ^bDod, Charles Roger Phipps (1863).The Peerage, Baronetage, And Knightage, Of Great Britain And Ireland For ... Including All the Titled Classes. Whittaker And Company. p. 453.
^^a ^bMoss, Gemma."IOE LibGuides: Literacy Attainment: Historical Resources: Education Policy".libguides.ioe.ac.uk.
^Cates, William Leist Readwin (1885).A Dictionary of General Biography. Longmans, Green. pp. 1516–1517.
^Heffer, Simon (2013).High Minds: The Victorians and the Birth of Modern Britain. Random House. pp. 416–417.ISBN 978-1-4464-7382-5.
^Emmerson, George S. (1977).John Scott Russell: A Great Victorian Engineer and Naval Architect. Murray. pp. 160–161.ISBN 978-0-7195-3393-8.
^Malmesbury, James Howard Harris Earl of (1884).Memoirs of an Ex-minister: An Autobiography. Vol. II. Longmans, Green. p. 127.
^Shannon, Richard (1992).The Age of Disraeli, 1868-1881: The Rise of Tory Democracy. Longman. p. 130.ISBN 978-0-582-50713-5.
^John, Ian St (2016).The Historiography of Gladstone and Disraeli. Anthem Press. p. 145.ISBN 978-1-78308-529-3.
^Fleming, N. C. (2020).Britannia's Zealots, Volume I: Tradition, Empire and the Forging of the Conservative Right. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 35.ISBN 978-1-4742-3785-7.
^Brodrick, George C. (George Charles) (1877).Liberal principles. Liberal Central Association. p. 24.JSTOR 60226256.
^Leggett, Don (2016).Re-inventing the Ship: Science, Technology and the Maritime World, 1800-1918. Routledge. p. 78.ISBN 978-1-317-06838-9.
^Burke, Edmund (1872).The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year. Longmans, Green. p. 119.
^The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art. Vol. XXXII. J. W. Parker and Son. 1871. p. 512.
^Public Opinion. Vol. 25. G. Cole. 1874. p. 190.
^"Lists of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007". London: The Royal Society. Archived fromthe original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved4 August 2010.
^K.C. Barnaby,The Institution of Naval Architects, 1860 - 1960: An Historical Survey, London, 1960.
^^a ^bBarker, George Fisher Russell (1895)."Pakington, John Somerset" . InLee, Sidney (ed.).Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 43. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 94.
^Jewitt, Llewellynn Frederick William Hall, Samuel Carter (2018).The Stately Homes of England. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 550.ISBN 978-3-7340-1212-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1910).Armorial Families: A Directory of Gentlemen of Coat-armour. London and Edinburgh: T.C. & E.C. Jack. p. 1239.

Bibliography

[edit]

Obituary New York Times 10 April 1880
The peerage of the British empire as at present existing. Page 31 Google Books

External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toJohn Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton.

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by John Barneby	Member of Parliament for Droitwich 1837–1874	Succeeded by John Corbett
Political offices
Preceded by The Earl Grey	Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 1852	Succeeded by The Duke of Newcastle
Preceded by Sir Charles Wood, Bt	First Lord of the Admiralty 1858–1859	Succeeded by The Duke of Somerset
Preceded by The Duke of Somerset	First Lord of the Admiralty 1866–1867	Succeeded by Henry Lowry-Corry
Preceded by Jonathan Peel	Secretary of State for War 1867–1868	Succeeded by Edward Cardwell
Government offices
Preceded by SirEdward Ryan	First Civil Service Commissioner 1875–1880	Succeeded by The Earl of Strafford
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baron Hampton 1874–1880	Succeeded by John Pakington
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baronet (of Westwood) 1846–1880	Succeeded by John Pakington

v t e First Lords of the Admiralty
of England	The Earl of Portland The Earl of Lindsey William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln The Earl of Northumberland The Lord Cottington Sir Henry Capell The Earl of Nottingham The Earl of Torrington The Earl of Pembroke The Lord Cornwallis The Viscount Falkland The Earl of Orford The Earl of Bridgewater The Earl of Pembroke
of Great Britain	The Earl of Orford Sir John Leake The Earl of Strafford The Earl of Orford The Earl of Berkeley The Viscount Torrington Sir Charles Wager The Earl of Winchilsea The Duke of Bedford The Earl of Sandwich The Lord Anson The Earl Temple The Earl of Winchilsea The Lord Anson The Earl of Halifax George Grenville The Earl of Sandwich The Earl of Egmont Sir Charles Saunders Sir Edward Hawke The Earl of Sandwich The Viscount Keppel The Viscount Howe The Viscount Keppel The Viscount Howe The Earl of Chatham The Earl Spencer
of the United Kingdom	The Earl of St Vincent The Viscount Melville The Lord Barham Viscount Howick Thomas Grenville The Lord Mulgrave Charles Philip Yorke The Viscount Melville The Duke of Clarence The Viscount Melville Sir James Graham, Bt The Lord Auckland The Earl de Grey The Lord Auckland The Earl of Minto The Earl of Haddington The Earl of Ellenborough The Earl of Auckland Sir Francis Baring, Bt The Duke of Northumberland Sir James Graham, Bt Sir Charles Wood, Bt Sir John Pakington, Bt The Duke of Somerset Sir John Pakington, Bt Henry Lowry-Corry Hugh Childers George Goschen George Ward Hunt William Henry Smith The Earl of Northbrook Lord George Hamilton The Marquess of Ripon Lord George Hamilton The Earl Spencer George Goschen The Earl of Selborne The Earl Cawdor The Lord Tweedmouth Reginald McKenna Winston Churchill Arthur Balfour Sir Edward Carson Sir Eric Geddes Walter Long The Viscount Lee of Fareham Wood Anderson Leo Amery The Viscount Chelmsford The Viscount Bridgeman A. V. Alexander Sir Austen Chamberlain The Viscount Monsell Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt Duff Cooper The Earl Stanhope Winston Churchill A. V. Alexander Brendan Bracken A. V. Alexander The Viscount Hall Lord Pakenham Viscount Cilcennin The Viscount Hailsham The Earl of Selkirk The Lord Carrington The Earl Jellicoe

v t e Presidents of theRoyal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842Viscount Sandon 1842–1843The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845Lord Ashley 1845–1847The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853The Lord Overstone 1853–1855The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859Lord Stanley 1859–1861Lord John Russell 1861–1863Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865William Henry Sykes 1865–1867The Lord Houghton 1867–1869William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871William Newmarch 1871–1873William Farr 1873–1875William Guy 1875–1877James Heywood 1877–1879George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880Thomas Brassey 1880–1882James Caird 1882–1884Robert Giffen 1884–1886Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888George Goschen 1888–1890Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894Charles Booth 1894–1896The Lord Farrer 1896–1897John Biddulph Martin 1897Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899Leonard Courtney 1899–1900Henry Fowler 1900–1902The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907Richard Martin 1907–1909Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915The Lord Welby 1915–1916Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918Bernard Mallet,Registrar General 1918–1920Herbert Samuel 1920–1922R. Henry Rew 1922–1924The Lord Emmott 1924–1926Udny Yule 1926–1928The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930A. William Flux 1930–1932Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934The Lord Meston 1934–1936Major Greenwood 1936–1938The Lord Kennet 1938–1940Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941Henry William Macrosty 1941Hector Leak 1941–1943William Beveridge 1943–1945Ernest Charles Snow 1945–1947The Lord Woolton 1947–1949David Heron 1949–1950Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954Ronald Fisher 1954–1955The Lord Piercy 1955–1957Egon Pearson 1957–1959Harry Campion 1959–1960Hugh Beaver 1960–1962Maurice Kendall 1962–1964Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968Frank Yates 1968–1969Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973Harold Wilson 1973–1974D. J. Finney 1974–1975Henry Daniels 1975–1977Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978Henry Wynn 1978–1980Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982David Cox 1982–1984Peter Armitage 1984–1985Walter Bodmer 1985–1986John Nelder 1986–1987James Durbin 1987–1989John Kingman 1989–1991Peter G. Moore 1991–1993T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997Adrian Smith 1997–1999Robert Nicholas Curnow 1999–2001Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003Peter Green 2003–2005Andy Grieve 2005–2007Tim Holt 2008–2009David Hand 2010–2010Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replacedpro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012Valerie Isham 2013–2014John Pullinger 2014–2016Peter Diggle 2017–2018David Spiegelhalter 2019–Deborah Ashby
Category List

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat
National	United States
People	Trove
Other	Open Library SNAC Yale LUX

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Pakington,_1st_Baron_Hampton&oldid=1292058762"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭