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John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (9 January 1662 – 15 July 1711) was an Englishpeer and politician.
Holles was born inEdwinstowe,Nottinghamshire, the son of the3rd Earl of Clare and his wife Grace Pierrepont. Grace was a daughter of The Hon. William Pierrepont and granddaughter of the1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull.
He was a supporter ofWilliam of Orange andMary Stuart, and in November 1688 waited on thePrince of Orange as a representative of the risings in York and Nottingham.[1]
Holles was elected MP forNottinghamshire as Lord Houghton on 14 January 1689, but was called to the House of Lords two days later when his father died and he became the 4thEarl of Clare. He became Gentleman of the Bedchamber to William III and Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex. He was created the Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, of the 2nd creation, in 1694. TheDuke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title which was created three times in British history. The first creation had become extinct when his father-in-lawHenry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, died without a male heir. On 30 May 1698, he was appointed Knight of theOrder of the Garter.[2] AsLord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire he took personal command of theNottinghamshire Militia.[3]
On 1 March 1690, Holles married hisfirst cousin,Lady Margaret Cavendish, a daughter ofHenry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle. She was the heiress of all of the duke's estates in the East Midlands and Northumberland.[1] He inherited more estates from his relative,Denzil Holles, 3rd Baron Holles.[1]
They had one child,Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles (1694–1755), who married the2nd Earl of Oxford and Mortimer and was mother toMargaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland.
In 1710 he purchased Wimpole Park in Cambridgeshire and theManor of Marylebone. The Marylebone lands passed to his son-in-law Harley who namedHolles Street in his memory.[4]
A rivalry was formed between John and his sister, Elizabeth, when she marriedChristopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard.[5]
The duke died in 1711 from injuries received in a fall from his horse while hunting nearWelbeck.[6] He left his Cavendish estates to his son-in-law,Edward Harley (later 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer) and the remainder of his property to his nephewThomas Pelham, subsequently 1st Duke of Newcastle (third creation) and prime minister.[2] He was buried on 9 August 1711 in St. John's Chapel inWestminster Abbey.[7] A large monument to Holles stands in the north transept of the abbey. Designed byJames Gibbs and carved byFrancis Bird with the aid ofJohn Michael Rysbrack, it consists of a reclining figure of Holles flanked by statues representing Wisdom and Sincerity.[8][9]
Correspondence and estate records of John Holles, including letters to his wife, are held at the department ofManuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham, principally in the Holles Papers (Pw 2), part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection.
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| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Lord Privy Seal 1705–1711 | Succeeded by |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by | Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull 1699–1711 | Succeeded by |
| Legal offices | ||
| Preceded by | Justice in Eyre north of the Trent 1711 | Succeeded by |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by | Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex 1689–1692 | Succeeded by |
| Custos Rotulorum of Middlesex 1689–1692 | ||
| Preceded by | Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire 1694–1711 | Vacant Title next held by The Earl of Clare |
| Vacant Title last held by The Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull | Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire 1694–1711 | |
| Preceded by | Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire 1699–1711 | Vacant Title next held by Marquess of Carmarthen |
| Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire 1699–1711 | Succeeded by | |
| Preceded by | Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire 1705–1711 | Succeeded by |
| Peerage of England | ||
| New creation Title last held byHenry Cavendish | Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne 2nd creation 1694–1711 | Extinct |
| Preceded by | Earl of Clare 1689–1711 | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
