Johann Strauss I | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1804-03-14)14 March 1804 |
| Died | 25 September 1849(1849-09-25) (aged 45) |
| Resting place | Döblinger cemetery |
| Occupation | Composer |
| Spouse | |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives |
|
.jpg)
Johann Baptist Strauss I (/straʊs/;German:[ˈjoːhanbapˈtɪstˈʃtʁaʊs]; 14 March 1804 – 25 September 1849), also known asJohann Strauss Sr.,the Elder orthe Father (German:Johann Strauß Vater), was an Austrian composer of theRomantic Period. He was famous for hislight music, namelywaltzes,polkas, and galops, which he popularized alongsideJoseph Lanner, thereby setting the foundations for his sons—Johann,Josef andEduard—to carry on his musical dynasty. He is best known for his composition of theRadetzky March (named afterJoseph Radetzky von Radetz).
 | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Johann Strauss was born inLeopoldstadt (now inVienna). Strauss's parents, Franz Borgias Strauss (10 October 1764 – 5 April 1816) and Barbara Dollmann (3 December 1770 – 28 August 1811), were innkeepers (Zum heiligen Florian). He was born aRoman Catholic. Strauss had aJewish grandfather, Johann Michael Strauss (1720–1800), who converted to Catholicism.[1]
Strauss' mother died of 'creeping fever' when he was seven and five years later his father drowned, possibly as a result of suicide, in theDanube river. Strauss' guardian, the tailor Anton Müller, placed him as an apprentice to thebookbinder, Johann Lichtscheidl; Strauss took lessons in the violin andviola in addition to fulfilling his apprenticeship.[2][3][4] Contrary to a story later told by his sonJohann Strauss II, Strauss successfully completed his bookbinder apprenticeship in 1822.[3][4] He also studied music with Johann Polischansky during his apprenticeship[citation needed] and eventually managed to secure a place in a local orchestra, headed byMichael Pamer [de].[2] Strauss left the orchestra to join a popular string quartet known as theLanner Quartet, formed by his future rivals Joseph Lanner and the Drahanek brothers, Karl and Johann.[citation needed] This string quartet playingViennese waltzes and rustic German dances expanded into a small string orchestra in 1824.[citation needed]
Strauss became deputyconductor of the orchestra to assist Lanner in commissions after it became so popular during theFasching of 1824. Strauss was soon placed in command of a second smaller orchestra which was formed as a result of the success of the parent orchestra. In 1825, he decided to form his own band and began to write music (chiefly, dance music) for it to play. He realized that he could also possibly emulate the success of Lanner in addition to putting an end to his financial struggles. By so doing, he would have made Lanner a serious rival although the rivalry did not entail hostile consequences. The musical competition was very productive for the development of the waltz as well as other dance music in Vienna.
Strauss soon became one of the best-known and well loved dance composers in Vienna. During the carnival of 1826, Strauss inaugurated his long line of triumphs by introducing his band to the public of Vienna at theSchwan in the suburb ofRoßau where hisTäuberln-Walzer (Op. 1) at once established his reputation.[5] He toured with his band to Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Britain. The conducting reins and management of this Strauss Orchestra would eventually be passed on to the hands of his sons until its disbandment by Eduard Strauss in 1901.
On a trip to France in 1837 Strauss heard thequadrille and began to compose them himself, becoming largely responsible for introducing that dance to Austria in the 1840 Fasching, where it became very popular. It was this very trip (in 1837) which has proved Strauss' popularity with audiences from different social backgrounds and this paved the way to forming an ambitious plan to perform his music in England for the coronation ofQueen Victoria in 1838. Strauss also adapted various popular melodies of his day into his works so as to ensure a wider audience, as evidenced in the incorporation of theOberonoverture into his early waltz, "Wiener Carneval", Op. 3, and also the (at the time former) Frenchnational anthem "La Marseillaise" into his "Paris-Walzer", Op. 101.
.jpg)
Strauss married Maria Anna Streim (1801–1870) in 1825 in the Roman CatholicLichtental Parish Church in Vienna. The marriage was relatively unhappy because of his prolonged absences caused by frequent tours abroad which led to a gradual alienation. They had six children:Johann (born 1825),Josef (born 1827), Anna (born 1829), Therese (born 1831), Ferdinand (born 1834 and living only ten months) andEduard (born 1835).Eduard's first son wasJohann Strauss III.[6]
The family home was called 'Hirschenhaus' but was better known in Vienna as the 'Goldener Hirsch' (The Golden Stag). Strauss was a strict disciplinarian and demanded that none of his sons pursue careers in music, despite their display of musical talent. Johann Junior was to study banking, likewise his brotherJosef Strauss was destined for a military career, whereas the youngestEduard Strauss was expected to join theAustrianconsulate.
By 1834 Strauss had taken a mistress, Emilie Trampusch, with whom he had eight[7] children. When her husband openly acknowledged his paternity of a daughter born to Emilie in 1844, Maria Anna sued for divorce. With the ending of the marriage, Anna Strauss determined to further Johann Strauss II's musical career, allowing him to develop his skills as a composer.
Despite family problems, Strauss senior continued to tour frequently and was always prepared to write novelty pieces for numerous charitable organizations. His waltzes were gradually developed from a rustic peasant dance into one which posterity would recognize as theViennese waltz. They were written in three-quarter time with a short introduction; often with little or no reference to the later chain of five two-part waltz structure; usually appended with a short coda and concluded in a stirring finish, although his son Johann Strauss II expanded the waltz structure and utilized more instruments than his father. While he did not possess a musical talent as rich as his eldest son's, nor a business mind as astute, he was among the handful of early waltz composers along with Joseph Lanner to actively write pieces with individual titles — with the view to boost sales of their sheet music — which enabled music enthusiasts to easily recognize those pieces. In fact, during his performances at the Sperl-Ballroom in Vienna, where he established his name, he actively pursued the concept of collecting a fixed entrance fee from the patrons of the ballroom instead of the old practice of passing around a collection plate where income was reliant on the goodwill of the patrons.
Johann Strauss II often played his father's works and openly declared his admiration of them, although it was no secret to the Viennese that their rivalry was intense, with the press at that time fueling it. Johann Strauss I refused to play again at the Dommayer's Casino, which offered his son his conducting debut, and was to tower over his son during his lifetime in terms of career advancement, but Strauss II was to eclipse him in terms of popularity in the classical repertoire. In 1846, Johann Strauss I was awarded the honorary title ofK.K. Hofballmusikdirektor (Director of Music for the Imperial and Royal Court Balls) by EmperorFerdinand I.
Strauss died in Vienna on 25 September 1849 at the age of 45 fromscarlet fever contracted from one of his illegitimate children.[8] He was buried at the Döblinger cemetery beside his friend Joseph Lanner. In 1904, both of their remains were transferred to the graves of honour at theZentralfriedhof. The formerDöbling Cemetery is now a Strauss-Lanner Park.Hector Berlioz paid tribute to the 'Father of the Viennese Waltz' by commenting that "Vienna without Strauss is like Austria without the Danube".
Nita Strauss, guitarist withAlice Cooper and others, claims to be a descendant of Johann Strauss.[9]
Strauss'sgalops andpolkas include:
| Waltzes |
|
|---|---|
| Other |
|
| Related | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Artists | |
| People | |
| Other | |
