Johann Friedrich Gmelin | |
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| Born | (1748-08-08)8 August 1748 |
| Died | 1 November 1804(1804-11-01) (aged 56) |
| Citizenship | German |
| Alma mater | University of Tübingen |
| Known for | Textbooks on chemistry, pharmaceutical science, mineralogy, and botany |
| Spouse | Rosine Louise Gmelin (1755–1828, née Schott) |
| Father | Philipp Friedrich Gmelin |
| Relatives | Leopold Gmelin (son) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Naturalist,botanist, andentomologist |
| Institutions | University of Göttingen University of Tübingen |
| Thesis | Latin:Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam |
| Doctoral advisor | Philipp Friedrich Gmelin Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger |
| Doctoral students | Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt Friedrich Stromeyer Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer Wilhelm August Lampadius Vasily Severgin |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | J.F.Gmel. |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | Gmelin |
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (8 August 1748 – 1 November 1804) was a Germannaturalist,chemist,botanist,entomologist,herpetologist, andmalacologist.
Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son ofPhilipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 inTübingen. He studied medicine under his father[1] atUniversity of Tübingen and graduated with aMaster's degree in 1768, with athesis entitled:Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam, defended under the presidency ofFerdinand Christoph Oetinger,[2] whom he thanks with the wordsPatrono et praeceptore in aeternum pie devenerando, pro summis in medicina obtinendis honoribus.
In 1769, Gmelin became an adjunct professor of medicine at University of Tübingen. In 1773, he became professor of philosophy and adjunct professor of medicine atUniversity of Göttingen. He was promoted to full professor of medicine and professor ofchemistry,botany, andmineralogy in 1778. He died in 1804 inGöttingen and is buried there in theAlbani cemetery with his wife Rosine Louise Gmelin (1755–1828, née Schott).[citation needed]
Johann Friedrich Gmelin when young became a respected colleague ofCarl Linnaeus, probably when Linnaeus was visiting the Netherlands or northern Germany around 1770, and collected plants "Persia" on his behalf.[3][4] Later in life he published several textbooks in the fields of chemistry, pharmaceutical science, mineralogy, and botany. He also edited and published the posthumous 13th edition ofSystema Naturae byCarl Linnaeus from 1788 to 1793. This contained descriptions andscientific names of many new species, including birds that had earlier been catalogued without ascientific name byJohn Latham in hisA General Synopsis of Birds. Gmelin's publication is cited as theauthority for over 290 bird species[5] and also a number of butterfly species.[6]
Among his students wereGeorg Friedrich Hildebrandt,Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer,Friedrich Stromeyer, and Wilhelm August Lampadius. He was the father ofLeopold Gmelin.
He described theredfin pickerel in 1789. In the scientific field ofherpetology, he described many newspecies ofamphibians andreptiles.[7] In the field ofmalacology, he described and named many species ofgastropods.
The plant genusGmelina was named after J.F. Gmelin (or possibly J.G. Gmelin, or both) byLinnaeus.
The abbreviation "Gmel." is also found.[9]
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