Johann Daniel Titius | |
|---|---|
 Johann Daniel Titius | |
| Born | Johann Daniel Tietz (1729-01-02)2 January 1729 |
| Died | 16 December 1796(1796-12-16) (aged 67) |
| Known for | Titius–Bode law |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy,physics,biology |
Johann Daniel Titius (bornJohann Daniel Tietz(e), 2 January 1729 – 16 December 1796) was a Germanastronomer and a professor atWittenberg.[1]
Titius was born inKonitz (Chojnice),Royal Prussia (Crown of Poland) to Jakob Tietz, a merchant and council member from Konitz, and Maria Dorothea, née Hanow. His original name was Johann Tietz, but as was customary in the 18th century, when he became a university professor, he Latinized his surname to Titius. Tietz attended school inDanzig (Gdańsk) and studied at theUniversity of Leipzig (1749–1752). He died inWittenberg,Electorate of Saxony.[1]
He is best known for formulating theTitius–Bode law, and for using this rule to predict the existence of a celestial object at 2.8AU from the sun which led to the 1801 discovery of what we now know asCeres. He drew up the law in 1766, when he inserted his mathematical observation on planetary distances into a German translation ofCharles Bonnet's bookContemplation de la Nature. In part because of this law, the first four minor planets were at first labeled as full-fledged planets. After a fifteen-year hiatus, other minor planets started to be discovered at steadily increasing rates, and Ceres and company were eventually relabeled asminor planets orasteroids. Because of its spherical shape, Ceres has had upgraded status as adwarf planet since 2006.
The asteroid1998 Titius and the craterTitius on theMoon are named in his honour.[2][3]
Titius published a number of works on other areas in physics, such as a set of conditions and rules for performing experiments, and he was particularly focused inthermometry.[4] In 1765 he presented a survey of thermometry up to that date. He wrote about the metallic thermometer constructed byHanns Loeser. In his treatises on both theoretical and experimental physics, he incorporated the findings of other scientists, such as the descriptions of experiments written byGeorg Wolfgang Kraft in 1738.[5]
Titius was also active in biology, particularly in classification of organisms and minerals.[4] His biological work was influenced byLinnaeus.Lehrbegriff der Naturgeschichte Zum ersten Unterrichte, his most extensive publication in biology, was on systematic classification of plants, animals, and minerals, as well as the elemental substances ether, fire, air, water and earth.[5]
