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Joachim Brendel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German World War II flying ace
Joachim Brendel
Joachim Brendel
Born(1921-04-27)27 April 1921
Ulrichshalben,Germany
Died7 July 1974(1974-07-07) (aged 53)
Cologne,West Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/ branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–1945
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 51
Commands1./JG 51, III./JG 51
Battles / wars
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Joachim Brendel (27 April 1921 – 7 July 1974) was aLuftwaffeflying ace ofWorld War II. Brendel was credited with 189 aerial victories—that is, 189 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All but six of his victories were claimed over theSoviet Air Forces on theEastern Front in more than 950 combat missions, including 162ground support missions.[1][2]

Born inUlrichshalben, Brendel joined the military service in the Luftwaffe ofNazi Germany in 1939. Following flight training, he was posted to 2.Staffel (squadron) ofJagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing). He flew his first combat missions inOperation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and claimed his first aerial victory on 29 June 1941. There, after 101 aerial victories, he was presented with theKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 November 1943. In July 1944, he was appointedGruppenkommandeur (group commander) of the III.Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 51 "Mölders". Following his 153rd aerial victory, Brendel was awarded theKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 14 January 1945. He continued flying operationally until the end of World War II. He died on 7 July 1974 inCologne, West Germany.

Early life and career

[edit]

Brendel, the son of a policeHauptmann (captain), was born on 27 April 1921 inUlrichshalben, present-day a borough ofIlmtal-Weinstraße, at the time inThuringia of theWeimar Republic. After attending aGymnasium, asecondary school, and graduating with hisAbitur (diploma), he joined the military service of theLuftwaffe as aFahnenjunker (cadet) on 15 November 1939. Following fighter pilot training,[Note 1] he was posted to 2.Staffel (squadron) ofJagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in early 1941.[4]

World War II

[edit]

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forcesinvaded Poland. JG 51, under the command ofOberstWerner Mölders, was preparing forOperation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union which was launched on 22 June 1941. On 29 June, Brendel claimed his first aerial victory.[1] On 1 July, he was promoted toLeutnant (second lieutenant) and two days later he was awarded theIron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse).[4]

Brendel then flew a number ofground support missions, was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 21 April 1942. On 8 December, he claimed his 10th victory on his 225th combat mission.[1] He claimed his 20th victory on 24 February 1943 and received theHonor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 15 March 1943.[4] On 25 May, Brendel was appointedStaffelkapitän (squadron leader) of JG 51s 1.Staffel (1st squadron), replacingOberleuntant (First Lieutenant) Hans Boos who had been killed in amid-air collision on 21 April.[5] His number of aerial victories claimed increased to 30 on 5 May, and on 17 May he was awarded theGerman Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold). On 10 June, Brendel claimed his 40th opponent shot down and was promoted toOberleuntant on 1 July.[4]

On the first day of theBattle of Kursk, 5 July 1943, Brendel claimed twoIlyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down on the northern flank of the attack. His wingman,UnteroffizierOskar Romm was credited with the destruction of a third Il-2.[6] The next day, Brendel led his 1.Staffel in an attack against 15Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers from the 221 BomberAviation Division. Brendel claimed one bomber destroyed but the fighter escort from 282 Fighter Aviation Division successfully engaged the German fighters.[7]

Brendel became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 12 July 1943, claiming aerial victories 53 to 57.[4] On 28 July, Brendel was shot down and wounded in hisFocke-Wulf Fw 190 A-6 (Werknummer' 470002—factory number) by Soviet anti artillery behind enemy lines.[8] He managed to return to German held territory. On 1 October 1943, he was promoted toHauptman with a rank age dated to 1 April 1944. On 22 November, Brendel claimed six aircraft shot down on his 551st combat mission, taking his total to 101 aerial victories. For this achievement he was awarded theKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) that day.[4] He was the 60th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[9]

Group commander

[edit]

On 29 July 1944, Brendel claimed aYakovlev Yak-9 fighter shot down in the vicinity ofBiałystok. His opponent may have beenKapitan Vladimir Shchegolev from the162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, a fighter ace credited with 14 individual and three shared victories who was killed in action that day.[10] On 1 September 1944, Brendel was appointedGruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III.Gruppe of JG 51. He succeededHauptmannDiethelm von Eichel-Streiber in this function who was transferred.[11] Command of 1.Staffel was briefly passed toLeutnant Gerhard Mai beforeLeutnantKurt Dombacher was given command of theStaffel on 10 September.[12]

Flying with III.Gruppe on 16 October 1944, Brendel achieved his 150th victory on his 792nd combat mission. Following his 153rd victory, he was awarded theKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 14 January 1945, the 697th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored. He continued flying on the Eastern Front, claiming his 174th and 175th victory on 4 March 1945. End of March, he was ordered to Berlin where the presentation of the Oak Leaves was made at theReichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM— Ministry of Aviation) in Berlin byReichsmarschallHermann Göring.[4]

On 18 February 1945, III.Gruppe claimed six aerial victories during the battle of theCourland Pocket, including four by Brendel.[13] Two days later, he claimed three further victories.[14] He claimed his last victory on the 25 April 1945, finishing the war with 189 victories and emerged as JG 51 highest claiming fighter pilot on the Eastern Front, including over 90 heavily armoredIlyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft.[15]

Later life

[edit]

He died on 7 July 1974 inCologne, West Germany and was buried inSalzburg, Austria.[16]

Summary of career

[edit]

Aerial victory claims

[edit]

According to US historianDavid T. Zabecki, Brendel was credited with 189 aerial victories.[17] Mathews and Foreman, authors ofLuftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched theGerman Federal Archives and found records for 178 aerial victory claims, plus 13 further unconfirmed claims. This number includes one claim over aUnited States Army Air Forces flown B-17 Flying Fortress, and 177Soviet Air Forces piloted aircraft on the Eastern Front.[18]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ =Planquadrat), for example "PQ 07813". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15minutes oflatitude by 30 minutes oflongitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[19]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Brendel an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Brendel did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
ClaimDateTimeTypeLocationClaimDateTimeTypeLocation
– 12.Staffel ofJagdgeschwader 51 –[20]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
129 June 194118:20DB-3[21]
– 2.Staffel ofJagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[20]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 30 April 1942
231 March 194214:55I-61 (MiG-3)[22]429 April 194218:55MiG-3Lake Dechino[22]
35 April 194211:05Il-2Demyansk[22]
– 2.Staffel ofJagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[23]
Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
57 May 194210:35Il-210 km (6.2 mi) west of Demyansk[24]126 January 194310:44Pe-2PQ 07813[25]
63 July 1942?[Note 2]13:28Il-2[24]136 January 194310:57Pe-2PQ 07851[25]
76 July 194219:25MiG-3[24]146 January 194311:00Pe-2PQ 07822[25]
89 July 194204:20MiG-3[26]1516 January 194308:16MiG-3PQ 17712,Velikiye Luki[25]
35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Toropa
912 July 194209:00MiG-3[26]1618 January 194308:02Pe-2PQ 07743[25]
108 December 194213:00Il-2PQ 26192,Bely[27]1718 January 194308:05Pe-2PQ 07741[25]
1114 December 194210:42MiG-3southwest of Belyi[27]1818 January 194308:09Pe-2PQ 06131[25]
– 2.Staffel ofJagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[28]
Eastern Front — 4 February 1943 – 31 December 1943
1924 February 194309:12Il-2PQ 35 Ost 54122[29]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest ofSukhinichi
2821 March 194316:05LaGG-3PQ 35 Ost 53763[30]
vicinity of Perwoawgustowskiy
2024 February 194309:15Il-2PQ 35 Ost 54131[29]
20 km (12 mi) south of Sukhinichi
2915 April 194309:28Pe-2PQ 35 Ost 64832[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) south ofMtsensk
217 March 194314:25Il-2PQ 35 Ost 36432[29]
25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Dunigo
305 May 194307:00R-5PQ 35 Ost 62141[31]
20 km (12 mi) northwest ofKursk
229 March 194307:27Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63244[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) south ofZalegoshch
316 May 194313:30Il-2PQ 35 Ost 64754[31]
20 km (12 mi) northeast ofOryol
239 March 194307:32Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63433[30]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Zmiyovka
327 May 194305:05Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63121[31]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Oryol
2418 March 194306:40Il-2PQ 35 Ost 53562[30]
20 km (12 mi) southeast ofDmitrovsk-Orlovsky
337 May 194305:15Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63181[31]
vicinity of Zmiyovka
2518 March 194306:42Il-2PQ 35 Ost 53543[30]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky
348 May 194307:49Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63644[31]
5 km (3.1 mi) southeast ofMaloarkhangelsk
2618 March 194306:44Il-2PQ 35 Ost 53822[30]
20 km (12 mi) northeast ofDmitriyev-Lgovsky
3511 May 194313:30Il-2PQ 35 Ost 53632[31]
vicinity of Trosna
2721 March 194306:23La-5PQ 35 Ost 45521[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Utrikowo
– 1.Staffel ofJagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[23]
Eastern Front — 4 February 1943 – 31 December 1943
3628 May 194311:24La-5PQ 35 Ost 63151[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Oryol
6825 July 194312:30La-5PQ 35 Ost 53427[33]
5 km (3.1 mi) west ofKromy
375 June 194309:35Pe-2PQ 35 Ost 44454[32]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast ofDyatkovo
6925 July 194312:33?[Note 3]Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 53425[33]
5 km (3.1 mi) west of Kromy
388 June 194319:11Il-2PQ 35 Ost 54892[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Oryol
7028 July 194310:35?[Note 5]Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 54657[33]
20 km (12 mi) west-southwest ofBelyov
398 June 194319:12Il-2PQ 35 Ost 54864[32]
20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Oryol
7128 July 194310:37Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 54654[33]
20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Belyov
4010 June 194319:37Yak-1PQ 35 Ost 44472[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Dyatkovo
7228 July 194310:39Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 54643, southwest of Bolkhov[33]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Znamenskoye
4110 June 194319:49Pe-2PQ 35 Ost 45893[32]
25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Sukhinichi
7315 September 194308:00LaGG-3PQ 35 Ost 16697, southeast of Lake Akitovskoye[35]
425 July 194308:52Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63694[36]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk
7415 September 194317:05Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 25496, west ofYelnya[37]
435 July 194308:54Il-2PQ 35 Ost 73571[36]
40 km (25 mi) west-southwest of Livny
7517 September 194307:18Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 35374, Wilkowa[37]
446 July 194305:39BostonPQ 35 Ost 53653[36]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Trosna
7617 September 194310:43Pe-2PQ 35 Ost 35318, Wjawka[37]
456 July 194313:55La-5PQ 35 Ost 63553[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk
7717 September 194313:48Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 25622, west of Chamino[37]
467 July 194308:20BostonPQ 35 Ost 53593[36]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Trosna
7819 September 194315:42Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 25476, west of Schozokowo[37]
478 July 194303:51Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63741[36]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Fatez
7920 September 194313:20Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 25619, Olchowskij[37]
Yelnya
488 July 194303:58Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63573[36]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna
805 October 194315:10La-5PQ 35 Ost 15525, Lenino[37]
499 July 194305:40Il-2?[Note 6]PQ 35 Ost 63553[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk
816 October 194311:30Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 06172[37]
25 km (16 mi) south-southeast of Nevel
509 July 194305:41LaGG-3?[Note 7]PQ 35 Ost 63552[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk
826 October 194315:15Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 06149[37]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Nevel
519 July 194305:44Il-2PQ 35 Ost 63523[36]
20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk
8312 October 194311:20Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 05696, Gorki[37]
5211 July 194303:55MiG-3PQ 35 Ost 63581[36]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
8413 October 194308:55Pe-2PQ 35 Ost 15512, Dajewo[37]Lajewo??
53♠12 July 194305:46?[Note 8]Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 63226[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Zalegoshch
8513 October 194313:00Pe-2PQ 35 Ost 15355, Litowka[37]
54♠12 July 194305:48Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 63231[38]
20 km (12 mi) east of Zalegoshch
8620 October 194315:00Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 03877, Uborow[39]
55♠12 July 194305:54Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 64897[38]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Zalegoshch
8720 October 194315:15Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 03888, Prud[39]
56♠12 July 194319:40Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 54277[38]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Kozelsk
8821 October 194310:10Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 02251[39]
35 km (22 mi) northwest of Ossijaki
57♠12 July 194319:46Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 54278[38]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Kozelsk
8921 October 194312:28Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 02211[39]
45 km (28 mi) south-southeast ofRechytsa
5813 July 194309:30Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 63228[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Zalegoshch
9022 October 194313:43Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 02244, Kortschewka[39]
5913 July 194311:47?[Note 9]Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 63264[38]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Zalegoshch
9125 October 194311:15Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 03872[39]
40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Rechytsa
6014 July 194314:37Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 54172[38]
20 km (12 mi) east-northeast of Zhizdra
926 November 194307:30Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 01391, northwest of Kiev[39]
6117 July 194310:23Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 53636[38]
vicinity of Trosna
936 November 194314:35Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 01743, Malowilowka[39]
6217 July 194319:05?[Note 10]MiG-3PQ 35 Ost 54632[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) west ofBolkhov
9411 November 194309:40Il-2northeast ofBila Tserkva[39]
6319 July 194312:03Yak-1PQ 35 Ost 64814[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mtsensk
95♠22 November 194309:05Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 03493[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Gomel
?[Note 11]19 July 194312:30LaGG-396♠22 November 194309:07Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 13371[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Gomel
6420 July 194309:20Yak-1PQ 35 Ost 64875[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Zalegoshch
97♠22 November 194312:05Yak-9PQ 35 Ost 13577, southwest of Klimovka[39]
6521 July 194318:15La-5PQ 35 Ost 64811[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mtsensk
98♠22 November 194312:25Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 03496, northeast of Kostyukovka[39]
6622 July 194313:02LaGG-3PQ 35 Ost 63133[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of Zalegoshch
99♠22 November 194312:27Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 03436, Logatino[39]
6722 July 194313:10Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 63135[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of Zalegoshch
100♠22 November 194312:30Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost 13377[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Gomel
– 1.Staffel ofJagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[40]
Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 August 1944
10110 January 194414:30Yak-9PQ 35 Ost N/06749[41]
25 km (16 mi) southwest ofLiozna
1157 August 194408:30Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/22312[42]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Dęblin
10212 January 194409:58Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/96831[41]
10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Kamary
11614 August 194417:22Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/12328[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Garwolin
10312 January 194410:35LaGG-3PQ 35 Ost N/05126[41]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Kamary
11716 August 194408:36Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/24765[42]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Lomza
10412 January 194410:36Yak-9PQ 35 Ost N/06788[41]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Kamary
11816 August 194414:20La-5PQ 25 Ost N/24791[43]
25 km (16 mi) southeast of Lomza
10512 January 194413:50Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost N/05162[41]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Kamary
11918 August 194416:40Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/13392[43]
40 km (25 mi) northeast of Warsaw
1065 February 194414:28Pe-2PQ 25 Ost N/93337[41]
10 km (6.2 mi) south ofParichi
12020 August 194412:42Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/13523, northeast of Warsaw[43]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Gerdauen
1078 April 194409:38Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/42676[41]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Kovel
12121 August 194416:22Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/13522, northeast of Warsaw[43]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Warsaw
10830 April 194413:47?[Note 12]Il-2PQ 25 Ost N/42871[41]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Kovel
12222 August 194408:25Il-2PQ 25 Ost N/23128[43]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Ostrov
10923 June 194410:30La-5PQ 35 Ost N/05421[42]
30 km (19 mi) north-northeast of Orsha
12322 August 194408:42Yak-9?[Note 13]PQ 25 Ost N/23129[43]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Ostrov
[Note 14]
24 June 194410:36Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 35 Ost N/05427[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southeast ofByerazino
12424 August 194411:45Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/24745[43]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Lomza
11024 June 194410:50Yak-9PQ 35 Ost N/05382[42]
30 km (19 mi) north-northeast of Orsha
12524 August 194414:37Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/13264[43]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Ostrov
11130 June 194417:50?[Note 15]La-5PQ 25 Ost N/94313[42]
25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of Orsha
12625 August 194406:57Yak-7PQ 25 Ost N/13529, northeast of Warsaw[43]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Warsaw
1129 July 194407:15?[Note 16]Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/54744[42]
20 km (12 mi) north of Oryol
12725 August 194407:14Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/13521, northeast of Warsaw[43]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Warsaw
11319 July 194417:50Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost N/32816[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Cholm
12826 August 1944?[Note 17]08:45LaGG-3?[Note 17]PQ 25 Ost N/13254[43]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Ostrov
11429 July 194410:05Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/34746[42]
vicinity ofBiałystok
129?[Note 18]28 August 194414:11Yak-9PQ 25 Ost N/13245[43]
Stab III.Gruppe ofJagdgeschwader 51 –[45]
13016 September 194416:55Pe-2PQ 25 Ost 27516[46]
55 km (34 mi) north-northwest of Telsche
14 January 1945
unknown
13116 September 194416:58Pe-2PQ 25 Ost 27556[46]
45 km (28 mi) north of Telsche
18 February 1945
unknownvicinity ofHeiligenbeil
13217 September 194415:56Yak-9PQ 25 Ost 27556[46]
25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Mitau
18 February 1945
unknownvicinity of Heiligenbeil
13317 September 194416:12Il-2PQ 25 Ost 27556[46]
35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Mitau
18 February 1945
unknownvicinity of Heiligenbeil
13422 September 194410:27BostonPQ 25 Ost 27491[46]
50 km (31 mi) south-southwest of Tukkum
18 February 1945
unknownvicinity of Heiligenbeil
13524 September 194408:29Pe-2PQ 25 Ost 37362[46]19 February 1945
unknown
1365 October 194415:27Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 27883[47]
30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Telsche
19 February 1945
unknown
1375 October 194415:30Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 27739[47]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Telsche
20 February 1945
unknown
1386 October 194411:44Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 36345[47]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast ofNemakščiai
20 February 1945
unknown
1396 October 194411:58Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 36377[47]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Nemakščiai
20 February 1945
unknown
1409 October 194414:38Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 26725[47]
vicinity ofTauroggen
21 February 1945
Il-2
14113 October 194415:34Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 25267[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Trakehnen
21 February 1945
Il-2
142♠14 October 194412:05Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 25228[47]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Blumenfeld
21 February 1945
Il-2
143♠14 October 194414:45Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 16173[47]
30 km (19 mi) east of Neusiedel
21 February 1945
P-39
144♠14 October 194414:46Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 16157[47]
15 km (9.3 mi) north ofMemel
23 February 1945
unknown
145♠14 October 194414:47Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 16155[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Polangen
1744 March 1945
Il-2
146♠14 October 194415:05Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 16326[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Polangen
1754 March 1945
Il-2
14716 October 194409:59Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 25256[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Memel
1768 March 194514:32Pe-2
14816 October 194410:02Yak-9PQ 25 Ost 25261[47]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Blumenfeld
1779 March 194512:00+unknown
14918 October 194409:46Yak-9PQ 25 Ost 25484[47]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Blumenfeld
1789 March 194512:00+unknown
15020 October 194410:06Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 25243[47]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Gumbinnen
18 March 1945
unknown
15122 October 194412:36Yak-3PQ 25 Ost 25367[47]
20 km (12 mi) east of Trakehnen
18 March 1945
unknown
15224 October 194412:45Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]PQ 25 Ost 25511[47]
20 km (12 mi) east of Rautenberg
18 March 1945
unknown
15314 December 194412:18Yak-3[47]15 km (9.3 mi) north of Gumbinnen18925 April 1945
Yak-9

Awards

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights anddead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings, and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[3]
  2. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 2 July 1942.[20]
  3. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:32.[34]
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazThe "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  5. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:36.[34]
  6. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as aLavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3.[28]
  7. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as anIlyushin Il-2.[28]
  8. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 05:45.[28]
  9. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:43.[28]
  10. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:08.[28]
  11. ^This claim is listed by Mathews and Foreman as his 64th aerial victory,[28] but not by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[33]
  12. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:48.[34]
  13. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as aIlyushin Il-2.[44]
  14. ^According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim was confirmed and is listed as his 111th aerial victory.[34]
  15. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:08.[34]
  16. ^According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:05.[34]
  17. ^abAccording to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 28 August 1944 as aLavochkin La-5.[44]
  18. ^This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[44]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^abcObermaier 1989, p. 71.
  2. ^Spick 1996, p. 228.
  3. ^Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  4. ^abcdefgStockert 2011, p. 266.
  5. ^Prien et al. 2012, pp. 486, 502.
  6. ^Bergström 2007, p. 39.
  7. ^Bergström 2007, p. 44.
  8. ^Prien et al. 2012, p. 504.
  9. ^Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  10. ^Bergström 2008, p. 79.
  11. ^Aders & Held 1993, pp. 164, 250.
  12. ^Prien et al. 2022, p. 319.
  13. ^Bergström 2008, p. 103.
  14. ^Aders & Held 1993, p. 172.
  15. ^Weal 2001, p. 45.
  16. ^Stockert 2011, p. 267.
  17. ^Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
  18. ^Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 147–151.
  19. ^Planquadrat.
  20. ^abcMathews & Foreman 2014, p. 147.
  21. ^Prien et al. 2003, p. 334.
  22. ^abcPrien et al. 2005, p. 72.
  23. ^abMathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 147–148.
  24. ^abcPrien et al. 2006, p. 269.
  25. ^abcdefgPrien et al. 2006, p. 273.
  26. ^abPrien et al. 2006, p. 270.
  27. ^abPrien et al. 2006, p. 272.
  28. ^abcdefgMathews & Foreman 2014, p. 148.
  29. ^abcPrien et al. 2012, p. 489.
  30. ^abcdefghPrien et al. 2012, p. 490.
  31. ^abcdefPrien et al. 2012, p. 491.
  32. ^abcdefPrien et al. 2012, p. 492.
  33. ^abcdefghijkPrien et al. 2012, p. 495.
  34. ^abcdefMathews & Foreman 2014, p. 149.
  35. ^Prien et al. 2012, p. 499.
  36. ^abcdefghijkPrien et al. 2012, p. 493.
  37. ^abcdefghijklPrien et al. 2012, p. 500.
  38. ^abcdefghijPrien et al. 2012, p. 494.
  39. ^abcdefghijklmnoPrien et al. 2012, p. 501.
  40. ^Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 149–150.
  41. ^abcdefghPrien et al. 2022, p. 323.
  42. ^abcdefghijPrien et al. 2022, p. 324.
  43. ^abcdefghijklPrien et al. 2022, p. 325.
  44. ^abcMathews & Foreman 2014, p. 150.
  45. ^Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 150–151.
  46. ^abcdefPrien et al. 2022, p. 410.
  47. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrPrien et al. 2022, p. 411.
  48. ^abThomas 1997, p. 81.
  49. ^Patzwall 2008, p. 58.
  50. ^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 59.
  51. ^abScherzer 2007, p. 242.
  52. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 144.
  53. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 94.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Aders, Gebhard; Held, Werner (1993).Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders' Eine Chronik – Berichte – Erlebnisse – Dokumente [Fighter Wing 51 'Mölders' A Chronicle - Reports - Experiences - Documents] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag.ISBN 978-3-613-01045-1.
  • Bergström, Christer[in Swedish]."Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website".Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived fromthe original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved21 July 2018.
  • Bergström, Christer[in Swedish] (2007).Kursk—The Air Battle: July 1943. Hersham, Surrey: Classic Publications.ISBN 978-1-903223-88-8.
  • Bergström, Christer[in Swedish] (2008).Bagration to Berlin—The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945. Burgess Hill: Classic Publications.ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
  • Bergström, Christer[in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003).Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions.ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer[in German] (2000) [1986].Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014).Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite.ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989).Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann.ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001).Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall.ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008).Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall.ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003).Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck.ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005).Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck.ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006).Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck.ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012).Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge.ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022).Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/I—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/I—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge.ISBN 978-3-942943-26-0.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007).Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996).Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books.ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Stockert, Peter (2011).Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 7 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 7] (in German). Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick.OCLC 76072662.
  • Thomas, Franz (1997).Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
  • Weal, John (2001).Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK:Osprey Publishing.ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019).The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California:ABC-Clio.ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
German World War IIflying aces with 100+ aerial victories
300+
250–299
200–249
150–199
100–149
  This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.
1 Oak Leaves withJG 2.2 Knight's Cross withJG 53.3 Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves withJG 26.4 Oak Leaves and Swords withJG 3.5 Oak Leaves and Swords withJG 26.
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