Jining 济宁市 Tsining | |
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| Jining City | |
| Nickname: | |
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 Location of Jining inShandong | |
| Coordinates (Jining municipal government):35°24′54″N116°35′14″E / 35.4151°N 116.5871°E /35.4151; 116.5871 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 12 |
| Municipal seat | Rencheng District |
| Government | |
| • CCP Committee Secretary | Wen Jinrong (温金荣) |
| • Mayor | Zhang Haibo (张海波)Acting |
| Area | |
| 11,186.97 km2 (4,319.31 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,534.2 km2 (592.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 884 km2 (341 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| 8,081,905 | |
| • Density | 722.4391/km2 (1,871.109/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,859,406 |
| • Urban density | 1,212.0/km2 (3,139.0/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,518,000 |
| • Metro density | 1,720/km2 (4,450/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 493 billion US$ 74.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 58,972 US$ 8,912 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 272000 |
| Area code | 0537 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-08 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁H |
Jining (simplified Chinese:济宁;traditional Chinese:濟寧 / 濟寗;pinyin:Jǐníng) is aprefecture-level city in southwesternShandong province. It bordersHeze to the southwest,Zaozhuang to the southeast,Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces ofHenan andJiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining, which is located directly to the north ofLake Nanyang (Chinese:南阳湖; pinyin:Nányáng Hú), is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on theGrand Canal of China making it an importantinland port.
Its population was 8,081,905 at the 2010 census, of whom 1,518,000 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Rencheng urban district on 884 km2 (341 sq mi), Yanzhou district not being totally conurbated yet.
The name Jining was first given to the region in the year 1271 during the Song dynasty, although the exact area and type of administrative district it refers to have varied over the centuries.[2] Jining has several distinctive associations in Chinese history and culture, as in antiquity it was the birthplace and home ofConfucius, along with many of his more famous disciples, includingMencius. Temples to a number of these philosophers still exist in various parts of the prefecture. Liangshan, a county of Jining, is also famous as the principal setting of the Chinese literary classic,Water Margin.
Theprefecture-level city of Jining administers 11county-level divisions, including twodistricts, twocounty-level cities and sevencounties.
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Jining City is located in the East Asian monsoon climate zone, a warm temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. In summer, there are many southerly winds, influenced by tropical oceanic air masses or degenerate tropical oceanic air masses, with high temperatures and heavy rains; in winter, there are many northerly winds, influenced by polar continental air masses, with sunny and cold weather; spring and autumn are the periods of adjustment of atmospheric circulation, with drought and wind in the spring, and quick warming; autumn is cool, but with occasional rains and cloudy conditions.Having abundant light energy resources is a prominent feature of Jining's climate. The average annual temperature in Jining is 13.3–14.1 °C (55.9–57.4 °F), and the average frost-free period is 199 days. The average annual precipitation is around 597–820 millimetres (23.5–32.3 in).[5]
| Climate data for Jining, elevation 33 m (108 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 22.3 (72.1) | 27.6 (81.7) | 32.8 (91.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.0 (102.2) | 40.8 (105.4) | 37.1 (98.8) | 36.3 (97.3) | 34.6 (94.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 19.7 (67.5) | 40.8 (105.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 8.9 (48.0) | 14.8 (58.6) | 21.5 (70.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 31.4 (88.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 30.9 (87.6) | 27.3 (81.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 6.8 (44.2) | 20.1 (68.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 3.5 (38.3) | 9.4 (48.9) | 15.9 (60.6) | 21.5 (70.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 21.9 (71.4) | 15.8 (60.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 14.9 (58.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) | −0.9 (30.4) | 4.4 (39.9) | 10.6 (51.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.4 (63.3) | 10.9 (51.6) | 3.9 (39.0) | −2.0 (28.4) | 10.3 (50.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.2 (2.8) | −14.3 (6.3) | −8.9 (16.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | 4.5 (40.1) | 11.8 (53.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 12.5 (54.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | −1.7 (28.9) | −9.9 (14.2) | −14.0 (6.8) | −16.2 (2.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 7.5 (0.30) | 12.9 (0.51) | 16.6 (0.65) | 38.4 (1.51) | 52.0 (2.05) | 80.0 (3.15) | 166.7 (6.56) | 173.2 (6.82) | 66.5 (2.62) | 32.4 (1.28) | 29.0 (1.14) | 10.0 (0.39) | 685.2 (26.98) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 72.6 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 8.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 62 | 58 | 55 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 76 | 79 | 74 | 68 | 69 | 65 | 66 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 151.2 | 154.9 | 205.5 | 230.9 | 251.7 | 228.0 | 192.5 | 188.6 | 190.0 | 188.9 | 160.7 | 153.0 | 2,295.9 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 48 | 50 | 55 | 59 | 58 | 53 | 44 | 46 | 52 | 55 | 53 | 51 | 52 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Jining is situated in acoal mining area in the southwest ofShandong. An industrial city, Jining has a coal-fired power station, the Jining Power Plant. The city is served byJining Da'an Airport.
In 2022, Jining's Gross Regional Product (GRP) finished at 531.69 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 4.4%.[8]
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