Jind & Sangrur State
Princely State ofBritish India (1809–1948)
1763–20 August 1948
Coat of arms
Jind State in a 1911 map of Punjab
Capital	Sangrur
Area
• 1931	3,460 km2 (1,340 sq mi)
Population
• 1931	324,676
History
• Established	1763
• Accession to India	20 August 1948
Preceded by Succeeded by Maratha Empire Phulkian Misl India
Today part of	India

Jind State (also spelledJhind State) was aprincely state located in thePunjab andHaryana regions of north-westernIndia. The state was 3,260 km² (1,260 sq mi) in area and its annual income was Rs.3,000,000 in the 1940s.^[1] This state was founded and ruled by theJats ofSidhu clan.^[2]

The area of the state was 1,259 square miles in total and it ranged from Dadri,Karnal,Safidon, andSangrur.^[1][3]

The ruling house of Jind belonged to thePhulkian dynasty, sharing with theNabha rulers a common ancestor named Tiloka. Tiloka was the eldest son of Phul Sidhu of thePhulkian Misl.^[3] The Jind rulers descended from Sukhchain Singh, the younger son of Tiloka.^[4] The Jind State was founded in 1763 by Gajpat Singh after thefall of Sirhind.^[3] Other sources give a date of 1768 for the founding of the state.^[1]

Gajpat Singh, son of Sukhchain Singh and great-grandson of Phul, launched a rebellion against the hostile authority based out ofSirhind.^[1] The rebellion was a Sikh coalition against the Afghan governors of Jind State.^[3] As a reward, Gajpat received a large tract of land, which included Jind and Safidon.^[3] Gajpat established his headquarters at Jind, building a large, brick fort at the location.^[3]

He established the state in 1763 or 1768 and made Sangrur its capital.^[1][3] Gajpat was bestowed with the title ofRaja by the Mughal emperorShah Alam in the year 1772.^[1][3] As a mark of sovereignty, the Sikh raja minted coins bearing his name.^[1][3] Shortly after being bestowed with the raja title by the Mughals, Jind was attacked by Rahim Dad Khan, the governor of Hansi, who was killed in action.^[3] In 1774, a dispute arose between Jind and Nabha states.^[3] The precarious intra-Phulkian situation led to Gajpat Singh of Jind sending troops against Hamir Singh of Nabha, with the former taking possession of Imloh, Bhadson, and Sangrur from the latter's control.^[3] However, the ruler of Patiala State and influential members of the family led to Imloh and Bhadson being returned to Nabha's rule.^[3] Sangrur remained with Jind and was not given back to Nabha.^[3] A daughter of Gajpat Singh of Jind marriedMaha Singh of the Sukerchakia Misl and was the mother ofRanjit Singh.^[3]

Gajpat Singh ordered the raising of several fortresses, whom were constructed usinglakhauri (thin burnt-clay) bricks in the year 1775.^[1] One of the forts was built to the left of the present-day Rani Talab and the second was built to the right of present-day Tanga Chowk.^[1] There was a family connection shared between Jind State and theSukerchakia Misl, due to the fact that Gajpat's daughter,Raj Kaur, was the mother ofMaharaja Ranjit Singh whom founded theSikh Empire.^[1]

Gajpat Singh died in 1786.^[3]

After the passing of Gajpat, his son Bhag Singh succeeded to the throne of Jind in 1789.^[1] Bhag Singh is notable as being the firstcis-Sutlej orPhulkian Sikh ruler to develop amicable ties with theBritish East India Company, which developed into a state of allyship between the two parties.^[1]

It was part of theCis-Sutlej states until 25 April 1809, when it became aBritish protectorate.^[5] After Bhag Singh died, he would be succeeded by Fateh Singh, who in-turn was followed by Sangat Singh.^[1] After the death of Raja Sangat Singh in 1834, some parts of the state were taken over by the British due to the absence of a direct heir. The throne was later gone to his cousin, Swarup Singh.^[6] Then the throne passed to Swarup's son,Raghubir Singh.^[1] Raghubir Singh did produce an immediate heir in the form of a son named Balbir Singh, but his son had died while young so the line of succession passed to his grandson,Ranbir Singh, who is described as a "philanderer, an extravagant and a philanthropist".^[1] Ranbir is noted for being the longest reigning ruler of the Phulkian dynasty.^[1] He had twelve children born from his four wives.^[1]

When Kaithal was annexed in 1843, the Mahalan Ghabdan pargana was given to Jind State in exchange for a part of Saffdon.^[7]

Indian painter Sita Ram produced watercolours of the local scenery (landscape and architecture) of Jind State between June 1814 to early October 1815.^[8]

At the Ambala Darbar held inAmbala between 18–20 January 1860, a decision was made to exempt Jind, Patiala, and Nabha states from thedoctrine-of-lapse.^[9]

During theFirst World War, the Jind Imperial Service Regiment saw conflict.^[1] The state was awarded with afifteen-gun salute.^[1]

On 20 August 1948, with the signing of theinstrument of accession, Jind became a part of thePatiala and East Punjab States Union of thenewly independent India on 15 July 1948.^[1]

Postage stamps prior to King George V consisted of Indian stamps over printed as "Jhind State", with the letter 'H' in the name. On the George V stamps, the 'H' is omitted and is overprinted as "Jind State" (Reference actual stamps from the Victorian, Edward VII and George V eras).

Ranbir Singh died on 31 March 1948, shortly after he signed the instrument of accession.^[1] He was succeeded by his son Rajbir Singh.^[1] Rajbir died in 1959 and in-turn was succeeded by his brother named Jagatbir Singh.^[1] However, Rajbir's son named Satbir Singh, claims to have been crowned as a successor to his father, leading to a dispute between the brother and son of the late Rajbir.^[1]

After the division of Punjab in 1966, the former territories of Jind State were given to the then newly formed state of Haryana.^[1] Thus,Jind town and district now form a part of Indianstate ofHaryana.

The family of the former Jind rulers are mired in family divisions and conflicts over shares of their declining wealth.^[1] The Jind royals currently reside at Raja ki Kothi on Amarhedi Road.^[1]

The revenue per annum of Jind State was around 2,800,000 rupees.^[3]

Many monuments and structures related to the erstwhile Jind state lie in disrepair and disregard and few efforts are being taken to conserve them, in-contrast to the heritage of Patiala and Nabha states.^[1] Two historical forts (both constructed in 1775 and were located near Rani Talab and Tanga Chowk) related to the history of the state were demolished in the 1990s to make way for newer developments, such as shopping bazaars, a Doordarshan Relay Centre, and parks.^[1] There was also a third Jind fort that was demolished in the 1990s as well, it was located beside the fort near Rani Talab.^[1] The land the former forts stood on has also suffered from illegal encroachments.^[1] Many historical artefacts related to the state have been looted and smuggled.^[1] The city of Jind was also known for its three city-gates connected by a border wall, which were named Jhanjh Gate, Ramrai Gate, and Safidon Gate, however these gates have not survived to the present-day.^[1] Efforts are ongoing to have the ASI declare the buildings of Rani Talab, Raja-Ki-Kothi, and Khunga Kothi as protected heritage sites.^[1]Indo-Saracenic buildings of Jind have fallen into a decrepit condition.^[1]

Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Reign		Enthronement	Note(s)	Reference
		Start date	End date
Sardars
Sukhchain Singh (1683 – 1758)		?	1758			[4]
Rajas
Gajpat Singh (15 April 1738 – 11 November 1789)		1758	1789			[10][11][4]
Bhag Singh (23 September 1760 – 16 June 1819)		1789	1819	November 1789		[10][11][4]
Fateh Singh (6 May 1789 – 3 February 1822)		1819	1822			[10][11][4]
Sangat Singh (16 July 1810 – 4/5 November 1834)		1822	1834	30 July 1822		[10][11][4]
Swarup Singh (30 May 1812 – 26 January 1864)		1834	1864	April 1837		[10][11][4]
Raghubir Singh (1832 – 7 March 1887)		1864	1887	31 March 1864		[10][11][4]
Ranbir Singh (11 October 1879 – 1 April 1948)		1887	1948	27 February 1888		[10][11][4][1]
Titular
Rajbir Singh (1948 – 1959)		1948	1959			[10][12][13]
Satbir Singh (1940–2023)		1959	2023		Upon the death of his father, Rajbir Singh, in 1959,Yadavindra Singh, theMaharaja of Patiala, installed him as theMaharaja of Jind. His succession was recognized by thePresident of India on 12 October 1959.[14]	[10][15][16]

During the British era (1901), Jind State was divided into twonizāmats (districts):Sangrur andJind. Each nizāmat was further subdivided intotahsils,^[6] which were not contiguous with each other, The State contained 7 towns and 439 villages, with a total physical area of 1,268 square miles:

Sangrur Tahsil was one of the three tahsils of Jind State and was part of the Sangrur Nizāmat. It was not in one piece but made up of four separate areas, surrounded byBritish territory and lands ofPatiala andNabha States.

1. The Sangrur Ilāqa was the main region of the state and included the capital town of Sangrur. It was bordered to the North:Patiala andNabha territories, East: Bhawanigarh Nizāmat ofPatiala ,South: Sunam Tahsil ofPatiala and the village of Khadial (Kaithal Tahsil, Karnal District – formerKaithal state enclave), West: Barnala Tahsil ofPatiala & Dhanaula Thana ofNabha. The ilāqa comprised 1Sangrur town and 43 villages including Ghabdan, badrukha village, covering 109 square miles, with a population of 36,598 according to the 1901 Census. Today, this area forms part of Sunam and Sangrur tahsils inSangrur district.
2. The Kularan Ilāqa was located about 20 miles east of Sangrur and was almost completely surrounded byPatiala territory, with one side bordering Kaithal Tahsil. It included 33 villages, had a population of 14,976, and covered an area of 66 square miles. It is located near the town of Samana and today is part of Samana Tahsil inPatiala district.
3. The Wazidpur Ilāqa was a small, fragmented area made up of two parts of Jind State. The northern part had four villages, and the southern part had three villages, Total 7 villages. The area covered just 9 square miles and had a population of 2,361 in 1901. Today, these areas are near Patiala town, between Patiala and Samana, and part ofPatiala district.
4. The Balanwali Ilāqa was a large, detached area located 48 miles west of Sangrur, made up of three separate parts of state territory, Together, the Balanwali Ilāqa covered 57 square miles and had a population of 10,746 in 1901.
   • The main area included the town of Balanwali and 10 villages. It was bordered on the northeast by Nabha State, on the east and south by Patiala, and on the west by the Mehraj pargana of Moga Tahsil in Ferozepore District. Today, this area is part of Rampura Phul Tahsil inBathinda district.
   • Another part lay to the north, containing the large village of Dialpura, held as Jagir by the Sardars of Dailpura. It was bordered byNabha on the southeast, the Mehraj pargana of Ferozepore on the southwest, and Patiala on the northwest. Today, it falls within Rampura Tahsil ofBathinda district and is known as Dyalpura Mirza village and its surrounding area.
   • The third part, south of Balanwali, included two isolated villages, Mansa and Burj, both surrounded entirely byPatiala territory. Today, these villages are part of Maur Tahsil,Bathinda district, known as Mansa Kalana and Burj village.

The tahsil of Sangrur lies almost entirely in the great tract known as the Jangal, with only seven villages around wazidpur situated in the Pawadh region. At that time, Sangrur Tahsil included 95 villages and 2 towns (Sangrur, Balanwali), covering a total area of 241 square miles (19% of the state) with a population of 64,681 (22.93% of the state) in 1901.

Today, the former Sangrur Tahsil of Jind State lies entirely inPunjab, India with parts falling withinSangrur,Patiala &Bathinda District.

Jind Tahsil was a compact and connected triangular part of state, unlike Sangrur Tahsil, which was divided into parts. It was mostly surrounded byBritish andPatiala state territories and bordered by: North: Narwana Tahsil (Patiala state) and Kaithal Tahsil (Karnal), East: Panipat Tahsil (Karnal), South-East: Gohana Sub-Tahsil(Rohtak), South: Rohtak Tahsil (Rohtak), West: Hansi Tahsil (Hissar District).

Villages in Jind Tahsil were historically grouped into tappās, The tappās in Jind Tahsil were:

Jind Tahsil lies entirely in the Bangar region. It included the two towns of Jind and Safidon, along with 163 villages. The tahsil covered 464 square miles area (36.62% of the state) and had a population of 124,954 (44.3% of the state) in 1901.

Today, the entire tahsil lies inHaryana, withinJind district.

Dādri Tahsil was also a compact and contiguous part of State, unlike Sangrur Tahsil, in parts. It lay to the south of Jind Tahsil and was separated from it by Rohtak Tahsil ofBritish territory, making it another enclave of the state. This tahsil was bordered by: East: Jhajjar Tahsil (Rohtak), North-West: Bhawani Tahsil (Hissar District) South:Duana State, Bawal Nizāmat (Nabha State) & Mahendragarth Nizāmat (Patiala State), West:Loharu State.

Villages in Dadri Tahsil were also grouped into tappās, The tappās in Jind Tahsil were:

Dadri Tahsil lies in the Bagar region, Historically and in the present day, it is also known as Dalmia Dadri or Charkhi Dadri. It included 3 towns (Dadri, Kalyana, Baund) and 181 villages, covering a total area of 562 square miles (44.35% of the state) and had a population of 120,451 (32.75%) according to the 1901 census.

Today, the entire tahsil lies inHaryana, mostly withinCharkhi Dadri district.

Religious groups in Jind State (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1881[18][19][20]		1891[21]		1901[22]		1911[23][24]		1921[25]		1931[26]		1941[27]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism[b]	210,627	84.3%	230,846	81.12%	211,963	75.16%	210,222	77.36%	234,721	76.16%	243,561	75.02%	268,355	74.17%
Islam	34,247	13.71%	38,508	13.53%	38,717	13.73%	37,520	13.81%	43,251	14.03%	46,002	14.17%	50,972	14.09%
Sikhism	4,335	1.73%	15,020	5.28%	29,975	10.63%	22,566	8.3%	28,026	9.09%	33,290	10.25%	40,981	11.33%
Jainism	649	0.26%	173	0.06%	1,258	0.45%	1,233	0.45%	1,548	0.5%	1,613	0.5%	1,294	0.36%
Christianity	3	0%	7	0%	80	0.03%	187	0.07%	637	0.21%	210	0.06%	161	0.04%
Zoroastrianism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	3	0%
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	3	0%
Judaism	—	—	6	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Others	1	0%	0	0%	10	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	43	0.01%
Total population	249,862	100%	284,560	100%	282,003	100%	271,728	100%	308,183	100%	324,676	100%	361,812	100%
Note:British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historicPunjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

• 
  Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State
• 
  Raja Sangat Singh of Jind State
• 
  Raja Swarup Singh of Jind State
• 
  Miniature painting of Sardar Daya Singh Sibia of Ramgarh, revenue minister of Jind State during the reign of Maharaja Raghubir Singh
• 
  Photograph taken in the erstwhile Jind State
• 
  Stamp of the Jind State.Edward VII, 1905

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