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Jilu Mandarin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Hebei and Shandong

Ji–Lu Mandarin
Beifang Mandarin
Region	Hebei, Shandong
Native speakers	(84 million cited 1982)^[1] 12.6% of all Mandarin
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Ji–Lu Mandarin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	`jlua`
Linguist List	`cmn-jil`
Glottolog	`jilu1239`
Linguasphere	`79-AAA-be`
^{[image reference needed]}

Jilu orJi–Lu Mandarin, formerly known asBeifang Mandarin "Northern Mandarin", is a dialect ofMandarin Chinese spoken in theChinese provinces ofHebei (冀, Jì) and the western part ofShandong (魯, Lǔ) andXunke,Tangwang &Jiayin counties ofHeilongjiang. Its name is a combination of the abbreviated names of the two provinces, which derive from ancient local provinces.^[2] The names are combined asJi–Lu Mandarin.

Although these areas are near Beijing, Ji–Lu has a different accent and many lexical differences from theBeijing dialect, which is the basis forStandard Chinese, the official national language. There are three dialect groups: Bao–Tang, Shi–Ji, and Cang–Hui.^[3]^[4]

People from the eastern part of Shandong, or theJiaodong Peninsula, speakJiaoliao Mandarin.

Dialect groups

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Bao–Tang dialect [zh] (保唐片), incorporating a large part ofTianjin and northern part ofHebei province.
- Tianjin dialect (天津話)
- Baoding dialect [zh] (保定話)
- Tangshan dialect [zh] (唐山話)
Shi–Ji dialect [zh] 石济片, incorporating a large part of centralHebei province including the capitalShijiazhuang and western part ofShandong province, including the capitalJinan
- Xingtai dialect (邢台话)
- Shijiazhuang dialect [zh] (石家莊話)
- Jinan dialect (濟南話)
Cang–Hui dialect [zh] (沧惠片), incorporating the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta (including the prefecture-level city ofCangzhou, from which it takes its name)

TheBao–Tang dialect shares the same tonal evolution of thechecked tone fromMiddle Chinese asBeijing Mandarin andNortheastern Mandarin. Moreover, the popularization of Standard Chinese in the two provincial capitals has induced changes in theShi–Ji dialect causing the former to shift rapidly towards the standard language.

References

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^Keith Brown Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics 2007 ElsevierISBN 0-08-044299-4 Gu Y 2 page 344
^现代汉语方言大词典 (The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects) 2002 Jiangsu Educational Publishers (2002 12 1 )ISBN 7534350808
^Maria KurpaskaChinese Language(s): A Look through the Prism of The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects 2010 Page 79 "5.1.3. Ji–Lu Mandarin group (冀鲁官话区 Jìlǔ Guānhuàqū) (cf. Atlas: Bl, B2, B3, B7; You Rujie 2004: 7)54 The A and B features of the Beijing Mandarin group are also true for the Ji–Lu Mandarin group. The main differences between the Beijing ..."
^Cahiers de linguistique: Asie orientale - Volume 37, Issues 1-2 2008 -- Page 32 "Therefore, given that the uses of gei as a direct object marker or an agent marker do not appear to be typical for other dialects of the Greater Beijing Mandarin and Jì-Lǔ Mandarin area, and that it is attested at best sporadically in earlier ..."

Northeastern	Changchun Harbin Shenyang Taz
Beijing	Beijing Taiwan
Jilu	Tianjin Jinan
Jiaoliao	Dalian Qingdao Weihai
Central Plains	Dongping Gangou Guanzhong Xi'an Luoyang Xuzhou Dungan Xinjiang
Southwestern	Sichuanese Chengdu–Chongqing (?)Minjiang Leshan Renshou–Fushun [zh] Zigong Kunming Nanping Wuhan Gui–Liu Wuming
Jianghuai	Nanjing Nantong Nanping
Lanyin	Lanzhou dialect [zh] Ürümqi dialect [zh] Xinjiang
Other	Junjiahua Qinjiang Gyami

Jin

Taihu	Shanghai Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou (?)Hangzhou Shaoxing Ningbo Jinxiang Jiangyin Shadi
Taizhou Wu	Taizhou Tiantai
Oujiang	Wenzhou Rui'an Wencheng
Wuzhou	Jinhua
Chu–Qu	Quzhou Jiangshan Qingtian
Xuanzhou	Xuancheng

Houguan [zh]	Fuzhou Fuqing Changle Gutian Matsu
Fu–Ning [zh]	Ningde Fu'an
Other	Manjiang Zhongshan Longdu Nanlang

Pu–Xian

Southern

Hokkien	Quanzhou Zhangzhou Amoy Chawan Taiwan Philippines Penang Medan Singapore Southern Malaysia
Teochew	Swatow Haklau Pontianak
Zhongshan	Sanxiang
Other	Zhenan Longyan

Leizhou

Zhanjiang

Hainan

Inland

Hakka

Yue

Yuehai	Guangzhou Hong Kong Malaysia Xiguan Jiujiang Shiqi Weitou Dapeng Yunfu
Siyi	Taishan Xinhui [zh]
Other	Gao–Yang Goulou Wu–Hua Yong–Xun Luo–Guang Qin–Lian

Pinghua

Unclassified

Shaozhou Tuhua Xiangnan Tuhua Danzhou Badong Yao Shehua Waxiang Yeheni Huizhou Mai Laobeizi
(?)Macro-Bai	Bai Cai-Long Caijia Longjia Luren

Standard forms of Chinese

Mandarin (Standard Chinese)	Sichuanese Taiwanese Philippine Malaysian Singaporean
Other varieties	Cantonese Hokkien Hakka

History, phonology, and grammar

History	Old Chinese Eastern Han Middle Chinese Old Mandarin Middle Mandarin Proto-Min Proto-Hakka Ba–Shu Gan
Phonology	Historical Old Old National Cantonese Hokkien Northern Wu Mandarin Literary and colloquial readings
Grammar	Numerals Classifiers Honorifics Cantonese grammar Classical grammar
Idioms	Chengyu Xiehouyu

Written Chinese and input methods

Literary forms

Official	Classical Adoption in Japan in Vietnam Vernacular

Scripts

Logographic

Script styles	Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive

Phonetic

Logographic	Biaoxingma Boshiamy [zh] Cangjie Simplified CKC Dayi Stroke count Wubi (Wang Ma) ZhengMa Q9
Pinyin	Google Microsoft Sogou

List of varieties of Chinese

Shandong topics

Jinan (capital)

General

Geography

Administrative	Prefectures Cities Towns
Mountains	Mount Tai Mount Kunyu Mount Lao
Water bodies	Yellow River and itsDelta Grand Canal Xiaoqing River Dongping Lake Weishan Lake Laizhou Bay Bohai Sea Yellow Sea
Land features	North China Plain North China craton Shandong Peninsula