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The site was excavated in 1989.[1] Although at first a total of 17 groups of symbols were identified,[1] intensive scrutiny has found there to be only 11 definitely incised signs, of which 9 were incised on tortoise shells and an additional 2 on bone.[2] The archaeologists who made the original finds believed the markings to be similar in form to some characters used in the much lateroracle bone script (e.g. similar markings of目 "eye",日 "sun; day"), but most doubt that the markings represent systematic writing.[3] A 2003 report inAntiquity interpreted them "not as writing itself, but as features of a lengthy period of sign-use which led eventually to a fully-fledged system of writing".[2] The earliest known body of writing in the oracle bone script dates much later to the reign of the lateShang dynasty kingWu Ding, which started in aboutc. 1250 BC[4] or 1200 BC.[5]
There is no consensus on the nature of the Jiahu signs. Some researchers assume this to be a very early writing system, based on the resemblance of few symbols to much later historic scripts and their placement (turtle shells and bones) hinting at thedivination practices of theLate Shang dynasty. Some shells exhibit holes similar to the ones used in the Shang oracle bones to insert heat sources, causing cracking interpreted by diviners. The opponents point to the signs being too primitive and inconsistent to be part of a writing system. There is also a possibility of some signs being a result of unintentional damage or used as workshop marks.[6]
^Boltz, William G. (2003) [1994].The Origin and Early Development of the Chinese Writing System. American Oriental Series. Vol. 78. New Haven, Connecticut, USA: American Oriental Society. p. 31.ISBN978-0-940490-18-5.
