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Jiří Hanzelka (24 December 1920 – 15 February 2003) andMiroslav Zikmund (14 February 1919 – 1 December 2021), known collectively asHanzelka and Zikmund, were a duo of Czech adventurers known for their travels in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania in the 1940s and 1950s, and for the books, articles, and films they created about their journeys.[1]
Hanzelka was born on 24 December 1920 inŠtramberk; Zikmund on 14 February 1919 inPlzeň. Both were deeply interested in foreign countries, nature,travel writing, andadventure stories from childhood onward.[2] In 1938, both began post-secondary studies at the University College of Business in Prague,[2] met, and became good friends.[3] Their studies were delayed when the school was closed during theGerman occupation of Czechoslovakia, forcing their graduation to be postponed until 1946.[2]
While at school, they discovered each other's love of travel and developed what they called the "5" project, referring to the five continents they hoped to visit. While waiting to graduate, they made detailed plans for travel, copying maps and studying their destinations from historical, meteorological, economic, and social perspectives.[2] Both took university Russian lessons, but also studied to prepare for international travel: Hanzelka spoke German and French and studied Swahili, and Zikmund spoke English, studied Arabic, and had a basic understanding of Italian and Dutch.[2]
In 1947, Hanzelka and Zikmund pitched the "5" project to the automotive companyTatra. The company, impressed by the plan and seizing the opportunity to promote its vehicles, decided to sponsor the trip, and gave them a silverTatra 87. After three months of gaining experience with the car at the Tatra factory inKopřivnice, the duo set out on their first trip.[4] It was a continuous three-and-a-half-year voyage through Africa and Latin America,[3] from April 1947 to November 1950[5] and covering 44 countries and 111,000 kilometers.[2]
Having traveled from the north coast of Africa to Mexico, the duo returned home, but their country had greatly changed during their absence. The1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état resulted in a change of government and public life.[6] Initially, the government treated Hanzelka and Zikmund well; though most Czechs and Slovaks were barred from going abroad, the duo were allowed to publish the fruits of their travels because their descriptions were not seen as politically threatening.[6] They were able to launch a second trip, running five and a half years continuously from 1959 to 1964,[3] taking them to Eastern Europe, Asia, and various Pacific islands[2] with two prototypes of the Tatra 805 truck.[7] On this trip, the duo reported on Indonesia,Irian Jaya, Japan, and the Soviet Union.[6]
Throughout their travels, both captured still photographs and films as well as writing articles. In addition, they wrote a weekly radio program about their travels forCzechoslovak Radio, which became one of the most popular on the station; since they lacked the means to broadcast from the locations, they simply wrote the scripts and sent them back to Czechoslovakia, where their voices were recreated by two actors.[3] Their works oftravel literature include eleven full-length books full of photographs and descriptions of the economic and socio-political situations of the places they visited, four picture books, three children's books, and 150 short travel documentary films.[5] Their books were also serialized in the newspaperMladá fronta.[5]
In Czechoslovakia, where the tight control of the Communist government made it impossible for most Czechs and Slovaks to travel out of the country, the works of Hanzelka and Zikmund offered a rare chance forvicarious escape into exotic climes.[1][3] They became the best-selling writers of twentieth-century Eastern Europe; their books sold 6,525,000 copies in theSoviet Bloc and were translated into eleven languages.[5] They became a national institution in the Czech lands, and were equally popular in Soviet Union, where the premierNikita Khrushchev demanded of his aides that the three volumes of Hanzelka and Zikmund'sAfrica: Dreams and Reality be on his bedside table no matter where he went.[5] Hanzelka and Zikmund visited 83 countries in total.[8]
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Hanzelka and Zikmund had initially planned totravel around the world,[2] but they ran afoul of the Soviet premierLeonid Brezhnev in May 1965, when, as part of their second trip, they delivered a detailed and critical report of the poverty and political corruption they saw in the Soviet Union in 1963 and 1964.[5] The Czechoslovak government, still under Soviet control,blacklisted the duo for the report.[6] They were banned by the government from publishing, but went on writing insamizdat.[1] They got into further trouble with the government for their anti-Communist activities during thePrague Spring in 1968 and for Hanzelka's signing ofCharter 77.[6] Their last book,Ceylon: Paradise Without Angels, was in preparation with the state-owned printer and had already received 120,000 advance orders when it was banned.[5]
Hanzelka and Zikmund shared the fate of other Czechoslovakdissidents in the post-Prague Spring era, living meagerly for 21 years in menial jobs until theVelvet Revolution in 1989. Hanzelka was one of the dissident speakers atWenceslas Square when the revolution began on 19 November.[5] With the fall of the Communist government, Hanzelka and Zikmund were again acclaimed as heroes, with extensive interviews and rebroadcasts of their films.Life of Dreams and Reality, a new book about their travel experiences, was published on 22 April 1997, the fiftieth anniversary of the start of their first trip.[5]
In 1992 Zikmund finally completed the around-the-world plan by visiting Australia.[2] Hanzelka, though still active politically,[5] was too ill to join him.[2] He retired to a small farmhouse in the south ofBohemia, where he continued to write political criticism of government corruption, this time in the new atmosphere offree-market capitalism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.[5] Hanzelka died on 15 February 2003.[2]
Miroslav Zikmund died on 1 December 2021 at the age of 102.[9] He lived inZlín,[10] where a museum commemorates the duo's travels with a large archive of memorabilia, including travel journals, 700 newspaper articles, 120,000 photographs, 1,290 taped radio broadcasts, and souvenirs from around the world.[5] In 2005, when an exhibition of 160 of their photographs was presented at theOld Royal Palace of thePrague Castle, Zikmund commented: "Jiří, my best friend in my life, he passed away two years ago, unfortunately. But I still live with him because every day something happens which is bound, is connected with his name. So actually we are still two."[11]
Hanzelka and Zikmund remain well-known and well-regarded in the Czech Republic for their travels and works.[1][3] The original Tatra 87 they used on their first trip was added to the Czech nationalcultural heritage list in 2005, and is on display at theNational Technical Museum in Prague.[4] In October 1999, PresidentVáclav Havel awarded both Hanzelka and Zikmund with theMedal of Merit.[12] In October 2014, PresidentMiloš Zeman awarded Zikmund with theOrder of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk.[13] On the suggestion of the astronomerJiří Grygar, themain-belt asteroid10173 Hanzelkazikmund was named for the duo in 1995.[8]