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Jhangvi (/ˈdʒæŋvi/;جھنگوی;Punjabi pronunciation:[ˈd͡ʒàŋ.gᵊ.ʋi]), also known asJhangochi (جھنگوچی), is awestern dialect ofPunjabi, predominantly spoken incentral Punjab, Pakistan. Its name is derived fromJhang, its main city.^[1] It is spoken throughout a widespread area, starting fromKhanewal toJhang District at either end ofRavi andChenab.^[2] It is also spoken inChinot,Okara,Sahiwal,Toba Tek Singh,Hafizabad,Mandi Bahauddin,Pakpattan,Bahawalnagar andFaisalabad.^[2]

It is intermediate betweenMajhi and Multani.^[3] The similarShahpuri dialect is spoken inSargodha andMandi Bahauddin, whileDhanni is spoken inChakwal,Talagang andKhushab.

Jangli's sound inventory includesimplosive consonants, butunlike in Saraiki these do not havephonemic status, as they do not contrast with plain voiced consonants.^[4] The implosives are more common than in Saraiki, and their set contains the unusual for the areadental implosive (/ɗ̪/), which contrasts with the regularretroflex implosive/ᶑ/.^[5][6]

Glottolog showsJatki,Shahpuri andDhanni as other dialects ofLahnda (Western Punjabi).^[7]

Similar toPothohari,Hindko, and otherWestern Punjabi dialects, Jhangochi also usespyā to signify the continuous tense.^[8]

ManyMajhi sub-dialects also utilize this tense.

The place of "pyā" may sometimes be switched with respect to the verb.

"Tusī̃ bahoon changā kamm paye karenday o", meaning "You (plural) are doing a very good thing"

"Tū̃ bahoon changā kamm krendā ain pyā", meaning "You (sing, m) are doing a very good thing"

"Sāḍā hāl kehṛā puchhdā ãi, mar mar ke paye aan jeenday, meaning "What do you ask about us? We are living in great distress" (a song by Mansoor Malangi)

"Paye aapna vanjeynday visaah o", meaning "You are wasting the trust people have in you" (from "Tusi changean naseeban de shah")

"Eh dohven aape vich larde hin paye". meaning "These two are fighting amongst themselves"

"Ethay seklaan pyiaan vikkdiyaan hin" or"Ethay seklaan vikkdiyaan ne pyiaan", meaning "Bicycles are being sold here"

The future tense in Jatki Punjabi is formed by adding -s as opposed to the Eastern Punjabigā.^[9]

This tense is also utilized inPothwari,Hindko,Saraiki and other Western Punjabi dialects.

The past tense in the Jatki dialects differs from that ofEastern Punjabi.^[10]

The present tense of non-causative verbs in Jatki may involve the addition of-eyndā, while causative verbs may attain either-eyndā or-āandā. The future tense changes accordingly.

Verbs that have a causative form, rarely acquire -eyndā, for example,Mardā (dies) cannot becomeMareyndā (kills/hits) as that is the present form ofMaarnā (killing/hitting).

However,Mannnā (to be convinced) andMannāvnā (to convince) both can be said asManeyndā in the present form.

Verbs likeāvan (to come) andlyāvan (to bring) will not take -eyndā, as they lack a passive form, so they are either said as -āndā or -aundā

The progressive tense is built upon the present tense, and is used in all Punjabi dialects. It is made by ending the verb with-eān in the present form.

For example, "to be doing" or "while doing", can be eitherkardeān orkareyndeān.

The Jatki dialects have a special passive tense for most verbs.

The present passive is made by adding-eendā, past passive by adding-eejā/eeyā, subjunctive by adding-eevay (s.) and-eevan (pl), progressive by adding-eendeān, gerundive passive by adding-eevna/eejna and future passive by adding-eesi. The continuous passive is built upon the present passive by addingpyā, while perfect passive is built by addinggyā to the past passive.

Varteendā (is used),Varteenday (are used),Varteevay/Varteejay (to be used, sing),Varteevan/Varteejan (to be used, pl),Varteejā/Varteeyā (was used),Vartee-gyā (has been used),Varteenda-pyā (is being used),Varteendeān (while being used),Varteevna/Varteejna (its "being used"),Varteesi (will be used),Vartee-veysi orVartee-jaasi (will have been used/will end up being used),Vartee-veynda orVartee-jaanda (gets used).

Note: The past passive inShahpuri is made by adding-eevyā, in Jhangochi by adding-eeyaā,Dhani is made by adding-eetā, and inThalochi and it is made by adding-eechā. InSaraiki it is also added with-eechā/-eejā.

Some verbs may attain this form without any change in usage or meaning, such as:

ਬਵ੍ਹਣਾ ਉਠੀਵਣਾ / بہوَنا اُٹھِیونا, being the same as ਉੱਠਣਾ / اُٹھّنا

ਦਿਸੀਂਦਾ / دِسِیندا, being the same as ਦਿੱਸਦਾ / دِسّدا

Proverb example:Heṭṭhon utton vaḍḍheeveeye taan ḍakk sadeeenda (ہیٹھوں اُتّوں وڈھِیوِیئے تاں ڈکّ سدِیندا)

(If we are cut from top to bottom, only then may we be called as a cane)

Note: The past tense ofMarnā isMoyā (dead) and the past passive tense isMareejā (killed)

The agentive tense of verb in Punjabi is either shown in the standard manner by adding the words "āalā" or "laggeā".

For example, "He is to come" or "He is about to come" is spoken asOh aavan aalā/laggeā ae.

In Jatki, another manner exists where the root verb is suffixated by adding-oo

Examples:

Tun kitthayjaaoo/vanjoo ain? (Where are you to go?)

Oh kaykaroo ae? (What is he up to)

Ajj mein tuhānu hik ehjihi gallsunāoo aan (Today I am about to tell you such a thing...)

Tuseen ohnudeoo o ke menudeoo o? (You are to give him or me?)

Ghaabarda kyon pya ain? Saanu vimiloo ae (Why are you worried? We too are to get it)

The dialects ofJatki Punjabi useHin (ہِن) orNo (نو) to signify the present plural tense. These are dialectal forms of "Han" (ہَن) and "Ne" (نے) respectively.

"Do janay hin/no" (دو جنے ہِن/نو), meaning "There are two people".

The word "hin" may be attached with the verb colloquially.

"Oh menu dassdin" (اوہ مینُوں دسّدِن), meaning "They tell me".

"Bahoon vāday keetin" (بہُوں وعدے کِیتِن)، meaning "Made many promises"

The wordHen (ہَینڑ) may also be used.

Words like Vall, Valla,Vatt (وتّ)^[11] orMuṛ (مُڑ) and its variant pronunciation Munṛ (مُنڑ)^[12] are used instead of theStandard PunjabiPhir (پھیر).

"Halā vatt kay hoya?" (ہلا وتّ کے ہویا؟), meaning "Alright, what happened then?".

"Tenu vatt vii aas praai rahi" (تَینُوں وتّ وی آس پرائی رہی), meaning "Even then, you had hopes for some other", a lyric from "Changean Naseeban de Shah", by Talib Hussain Dard

Words likeVaj̈aṇ (ونجن) andJāwaṇ (جاوَن) are both used.^[13]

"Kiddey vendā/jāndā pyā ain?" (کِتھّے ویندا/جاندا پیا ایں؟), meaning "Where are you going?"

For "what", Jatki either uses the common wordKii (کی) or the Western wordKay (کے) orKya.

For "someone", Jatki may use either the standardKisay (کِسے) or another word that isKaheeṇ (کہِیں)

Ba,Bai orJo are used, as opposed toke in Standard Punjabi. (بہ، بئی، جو)

Mein tuhaanu dassaanbai (ke) aes ton changga mein pehla KaDDaa'n nhi dditha

(Let me tell you that I have never seen one better than this)

KaDDaa'n vi mein nahi aakhyajo (ke) tun menu kujh desein taahin mein tenu kujh desaan

(Never did I say that you must first give only then to receive from me)

Tuseen inj keeta karoba (ke) menu dass ditta karo

(You should do it as such that you should inform me)

Menu pata aeba (ke) khoon rattaa ae, tey hetna rattaa aejo (ke) teray hatthaan tey mehndi lagsi

(I know that blood is red, and it is so much that it will look like henna on your hands)

Similarly,Kyunjo(orKyunjay) is used forKyunke, andTaanjo (orTaanjay) is used for Taake.

In Jatki, many verbs exist to support the adjoining verb, giving the same meaning asde/dittaa/devay/devaan/denda/desi.

De chaa (دے چا), is the same asDe de (دے دے), meaning "Give it"

Rakkh chhaḍḍ (رکھّ چھڈّ), is the same asRakkh de (رکھّ دے), meaning "Place it"

Chaa karay (چا کرے), is the same as Kar devay (کر دیوے), meaning "Someone do it"

Other examples:

Chaa keetaa (چا کیتا), meaning "Done it"

Mukaa chhoryaa (مُکا چھوڑیا), meaning "Finished it"

Pivaa chaa (پِوا چا), meaning "Get me (something) to drink"

Laah satto (لاہ سٹّو), meaning "Remove it"

Bhann sattyaa (بھنّ سٹّیا), meaning "Broke it"

Hun dass vi chhaḍḍo (ہُن دسّ وی چھڈّو), meaning "Now tell already"

Koi ghatt chhaḍḍay (کوئی گھتّ چھڈّے), meaning "Someone come and pour it"

Mein ohnu de chhaḍḍsaan (میں اوہنُوں دے چھڈّساں), meaning "I will give him"

Maar ghattsan (مار گھتّسن), meaning "Will come and beat"

In its past formVadā, it can either show continuous action (likepyā) or a state of being (likehoyā/thiya), depending on the main verb's form.

In the latter case,Khalā andKhlotā (both meaning "standing") may also be used.

Menu bhukkh laggivadi/khali/pyi ae (I have hunger)

Menu bhukkh laggdivadi/pyi ae (I am getting hungry)

Oh chendāvadā/pyā ae (He is picking it up)

Oh chaaivadā/khalā ae (He has it picked up)

Ukkā moyevaday āen (We are completely dead)

Oh khādhikhalā hosi (He must have eaten)

Ohnu treh laggivadi/khloti ae (He has thirst)

Mein kamm mukaaivadā/khalā/khlotā aa'n (I have finished the work)

Mein dhammi da progam keetikhalā/vadā/khlotā/pyā aa'n (I have decided it for morning)

Rujjhayvaday o, naveān saangeān vich (You are busy in your new attachments, a lyric from "Tusi Changean Naseeban de Shah", a song by Talib Hussain Dard)

In other forms, the verbVattnā, (literally meaning "to wander") depicts a continuity in an action, and is synonymous with the wordPhirnā.

Hyaati saari nassdyānvattnā/phirnā (Running for all life)

Oh tenu kay kujh ghalldāvattdā/phirdā ee? (What does he keep on sending you?)

Beyli ruṭṭhāvadā hove tey aseen jeendevateeye/phireeye? (The friend is unhappy and we are to keep on living?)

Mein injay tue'n magar laggyavattaa'n/phiraa'n? (I should stay after you for no reason?)

Jatki uses special personal pronouns such asKãi'n (Kihne/Kis), andJãi'n (Jihne/Jis).

Kãi aakhya? کَیں آکھیا؟, meaning "Says who?"

Jãi vii aakhya hovay جَیں وی آکھیا ہووے, meaning "Whomsoever might have said it"

Eh kãinda ghar ae? ایہہ کَیندا گھر اے؟, meaning "Whose house is this?"

Kãi kãi janay eh aali kheyḍ kheyḍi ee?, کیں کیں جنڑے ایہہ آلی کھیڈ کھیڈی ہئی؟ meaning "Who has played this game?"

Jãi kahen vii karna hovay جَیں کہیں وی کرنا ہووے orJis kisay vii karna hovay جِس کِسے وی کرنا ہووے, meaning "Whomsoever wants to do"

Jainda vii mann kareynda orJai'n kahee'n da vii mann kareynda

Eh kay keetum (What have I done?)

Eh kay keeto-ee (What have you done?)

Eh kay keeta-nhay (What have you done? plural/respect)

Eh kay keeta-nay (What have they done?)

Eh kay keeto-say (What have we done?)

Eh kay keetus (What has he done?)

Kii naa'n-us? (What is his name?)

Nisay keeta (We did not do)

Nimoo keeta (I did not do)

Tenu aakhyam (I have told you)

Bhiraa nisay? (Are we not brothers?)

Jehri naveen film kaddhi nay, ḍiṭṭhi hayi? (The new film they released, have you seen it?)

Punjabi aapni dhi nu sikhaai koi nhoo'n? (You did not teach your daughter Punjabi?)

Bhalla honay (respectfully, "Thank you")

Bhalla hovi (Thank you)

Counting is generally the same, but with some notable deviations being:

The usage of the "v" sound in Jhangochi is far more present that other Punjabi dialects.

Jatki dialects have several words that differ from Standard Punjabi.

Commonly observed in theLahnda dialects is the use ofGhinṇā (گھِننا)^[14][15] andAaṇnā (آننا)^[16][17] instead of the Eastern Punjabi wordsLaiṇā (لَینا) andLyāṇā (لیانا).

Jhangochi and Shahpuri make use of the first set. The Dhani dialect however, seems to lean more towards the former.

In Jatki Punjabi, as well as inSaraiki, the irregular Punjabi past tense form of verbs is retained when used with the verbKarnā, a feature that is not present inEastern dialects such asMajhi, or even in otherLahnda varieties such asPothohari andHindko.

The irregular past tense is generally the same throughout the Punjabi dialects (e.g.khādhā, peetā, nahātā, dhotā, moyā, latthā, khalotā, ḍaṭṭhā, suttā, keetā, dittā, ghidā, seetā, baddhā).

Jatki does seem to have some additional ones as well, such asrunnā forroyā (cried)ḍiṭṭhā forvekhya (seen), andsyātā forsyāneā (recognized).

Examples:

This is also observed with the verbs"Rakkhnā" and"Jānā/Vanjnā". Examples:

Asī̃ ohnū̃ditti rakhie? (اسِیں اوہنُوںدِتّی رکھّیئے؟) instead ofAsī̃ ohnū̃dei rakhie? (اسِیں اوہنُوںدئی رکھّیئے؟)

(meaning, "Shall we keep on giving him?")

and

Ohkeeti jāndā ae (اوہکِیتی جاندا اے) instead ofOhkari jāndā ae (اوہکری جاندا اے)

(meaning, "He keeps on doing")

Kalla maiiyon kammkeeti jaavan? instead ofKalla maiiyon kammkari jaavan?

(meaning, "I alone am to keep on doing?)

This can be further observed with the verbsAanā (to come) andJānā/Vanjnā (to go), when used in this manner:

Ohnu ohndey pesay taanditti aa (اوہنُوں اوہندے پیسے تاں دِتّی آ), meaning "Give him his money and come back"

Pesay taan mereditti vanj (پیسے تاں میرے دِتّی ونج), meaning "Give my money as you go"

Pesay taanditti veynda/jaanda (پیسے تاں دِتّی ویندا/جانا), meaning "You could have at least given the money as you went"

Mein hikk kammkeeti aavaan (میں ہِکّ کمّ نہ کیتی آواں), meaning "I'll be back after one task"

Mein veyndean do trae moṭian moṭian gallaan baskeeti jaavan (میں ویندیاں دو ترۓ گلّاں بس کیتی جاواں), meaning "I'm just going to say a few things as I go"

Ajj kujh baahroon nakhaadhi aaveeye? (اجّ کُجھ باہرُوں نہ کھادی آوِیئے؟), meaning "Shouldn't we eat something from outside today?"

Aseen gall kareynde haaen, pehlon booha taan bandkeeti aa (اسِیں گلّ کریندے ہائیں، پہلوں بُوہا تاں بند کیتی آ), meaning "We will talk, first go close the door"

Booha bandkeeti jaaveen (بُوہا بند کیتی جاوِیں), meaning "Close the door when you go"

Ohditti aaya karay (اوہ دِتّی آیا کرے), meaning "He can give (and come back)"

Ohditti jaaya karay (اوہ دِتّی کرے), meaning "He can give give (while he is passing/leaving)"

Meinḍiṭṭhi aavaan (میں ڈِتھّی آواں), meaning "I'll be back after a look"

Jaanahaati aa (جا نہاتی آ), meaning "Go take a bath"

The words in bold would be "de", "kar", "khaa", "dekhya", and "nahaaya" in Standard Punjabi as well as in Urdu-Hindi translation.

With the verbBaiṭhnā:

"Hun taan meinkeeti baitha aan" instead of "Hun taan mein kariibaitha aan".

(meaning, "Now I have done it" [So now what?])

"Peeti baitha ae" instead of"Pee baitha ae"

(meaning, "He has drunk")

• Heer Ranjha
• Bar region

• Bahl, Parmanand (1936).Étude de phonetique historique et experimentale des consonnes injectives du Multani, dialecte panjabi occidental. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.
• Shackle, Christopher (1976).The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
• Wagha, Muhammad Ahsan (1997).The development of Siraiki language in Pakistan (Ph.D.). School of Oriental and African Studies. Archived fromthe original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved2016-11-12.
• Wilson, J. (1898).Grammar and Dictionary of Western Punjabi as spoken in the Shahpur District. Lahore: Punjab Government Press.OCLC 254680092.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
• Jukes, A. (1900).Dictionary of the Jatki or Western Panjábi Language. Lahore: Religious Book and Tract Society.OCLC 1128095742.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

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