Jesse Ventura | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Ventura in 2024 | |
| 38thGovernor of Minnesota | |
| In office January 4, 1999 – January 6, 2003 | |
| Lieutenant | Mae Schunk |
| Preceded by | Arne Carlson |
| Succeeded by | Tim Pawlenty |
| Mayor ofBrooklyn Park | |
| In office January 11, 1991 – January 13, 1995 | |
| Preceded by | James Krautkremer |
| Succeeded by | Grace Arbogast |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James George Janos (1951-07-15)July 15, 1951 (age 74) Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Political party | Independent (1969–1998,[citation needed] 2003–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
|
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
| Residence(s) | White Bear Lake, Minnesota, U.S. Los Cabos,Baja California Sur, Mexico |
| Education | North Hennepin Community College |
| Occupation |
|
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1969–1975 |
| Rank |  Petty officer third class |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War |
| Awards |  National Defense Service Medal Vietnam Service Medal |
| Professional wrestling career | |
| Website | WWE.com profile |
| Ring name(s) | Jesse "The Body" Ventura[1][2] Surf Ventura[3] |
| Billed height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)[4] |
| Billed weight | 245 lb (111 kg)[4] |
| Billed from | San Diego, California Brooklyn Park, Minnesota[4] |
| Trained by | Eddie Sharkey[1] |
| Debut | 1974[2] |
| Retired | 1986[2] |
Jesse Ventura (bornJames George Janos; July 15, 1951) is an American politician, political commentator, actor, media personality, and retired professional wrestler. After achieving fame in theWorld Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), he served as the 38thgovernor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003. He was elected governor with theReform Party and is the party's only candidate to win a major government office.
Ventura was a member of theUnited States NavyUnderwater Demolition Team during theVietnam War.[5] After leaving the military, he embarked on a professional wrestling career as aheel from 1975 to 1986, taking thering name "Jesse 'the Body' Ventura." He had a lengthy tenure in the WWF/WWE as a performer andcolor commentator and was inducted into theWWE Hall of Fameclass of 2004.[1] In addition to wrestling, Ventura pursued an acting career, appearing in films such asPredator andThe Running Man.
Ventura entered politics in 1991 when he was elected mayor ofBrooklyn Park, Minnesota, a position he held until 1995. He was the Reform Party candidate in the1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election, running a low-budget campaign centered on grassroots events and unusual advertising that urged citizens not to "vote for politics as usual". Initially ignored as anovelty candidate, Ventura defeated both the Democratic and the Republican nominee, a major upset.[6] Amid internal fights for control over the party, Ventura left the Reform Party a year after taking office and served the remainder of his term as a member of theIndependence Party of Minnesota. Since holding public office, Ventura has referred to himself as a "statesman" instead of a politician.[7]
As governor, Ventura oversaw reforms of Minnesota'sproperty tax as well as the state's first sales tax rebate. Other initiatives he took included construction of theMETRO Blue Line light rail in theMinneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area and income tax cuts.[8][9][10] Ventura did not run for reelection. After leaving office in 2003, he became avisiting fellow atHarvard University'sJohn F. Kennedy School of Government. He has since hosted a number of political television shows onRT America andOra TV, and written several books.[11] Ventura has been a prominent figure inthird-party politics, having repeatedly floated the idea of running for President of the United States as an independent candidate.[12]
In late April 2020, Ventura endorsed theGreen Party in the2020 presidential election and showed interest in running for its nomination.[13] He officially joined theGreen Party of Minnesota on May 2.[14] On May 7, he confirmed he would not run.[15][16] TheGreen Party of Alaska nominated Ventura, without his involvement, causing thenational Green Party to disassociate itself from the Alaska party for abandoning the national party's nominee,Howie Hawkins.[17] In the2024 presidential election, Ventura endorsed the Democratic ticket ofKamala Harris forpresident and fellow Minnesota governorTim Walz for vice president.[18]
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Ventura was born James George Janos on July 15, 1951, inMinneapolis, Minnesota,[19][20][21] the son of George William Janos and his wife, Bernice Martha (née Lenz). Both his parents wereWorld War II veterans. His mother was the chief nurse anesthetist at North Memorial Hospital and his father worked for the Minneapolis Street Department.[22]
Ventura has an older brother, Jan, who similarly served in theVietnam War as aUDT. Jan and Jesse graduated as members ofBUD/S classes 49 and 58, respectively. Ventura has described himself as Slovak since his father's parents were fromSlovakia; his mother was ofGerman descent.[23][24] Ventura was raised as aLutheran. Born inSouth Minneapolis "by theLake Street bridge", he attended Cooper Elementary School, Sanford Junior High School, and graduated fromRoosevelt High School in 1969. Roosevelt High School inducted Ventura into its first hall of fame in September 2014.[citation needed]
Ventura served in theUnited States Navy from December 1, 1969, to September 10, 1975, during the Vietnam War, but did not see combat. He graduated inBUD/S class 58 in December 1970 and was part ofUnderwater Demolition Team 12.[5][25][26][27]
Ventura has frequently referred to his military career in public statements and debates.[28][29][30] He was criticized by hunters and conservationists for saying in a 2001 interview with the MinneapolisStar Tribune, "Until you have hunted men, you haven't hunted yet."[30][31]
Near the end of his Navy service, Ventura began to spend time with the "South Bay" chapter of theMongols Motorcycle Club inSan Diego. He would ride ontoNaval Base Coronado on hisHarley-Davidson wearing his Mongol "colors". According to Ventura, he was a "full-patch" member of the club and third-in-command of his chapter, but never had any problems with the authorities.[32][33][34] His biker nickname was "Superman".[35] In the fall of 1974, Ventura left the bike club to return to theTwin Cities. Shortly after that, the Mongols entered into open warfare with their biker rivals, theHells Angels.[32] In November 2018, Ventura testified as an expert witness on behalf of the Mongols in a federal racketeering trial inSanta Ana, California, defending the club against the government's allegations characterizing the Mongols as a criminal enterprise. He testified that he remained an inactive member of the Mongols and called his time as an active member of the club's San Diego chapter "a stepping stone I needed to make the transition from military life back to civilian life. I owe them for being there for me when the rest of the world wasn't".[36]
Ventura attendedNorth Hennepin Community College inBrooklyn Park, Minnesota, during the mid-1970s on theG.I. Bill.[32] He was a bodyguard forThe Rolling Stones and theGrateful Dead for a time before entering professional wrestling and adopting the wrestling name Jesse Ventura.[37]
Ventura created the stage name Jesse "The Body" Ventura to go with the persona of a bully-ish beach bodybuilder, picking the name "Ventura" from a map as part of his "bleach blond from California"gimmick.[1] As a wrestler, Ventura performed as aheel. He resurrectedGorgeous George's old motto of "Win if you can, lose if you must, but always cheat!", which he emblazoned on his t-shirts. Much of this flamboyant persona was adapted from"Superstar" Billy Graham, a charismatic and popular performer during the 1970s.[1][38]
In 1975, Ventura made his debut in the Central States territory, before moving to the Pacific Northwest, where he wrestled for promoterDon Owen as Jesse "The Great" Ventura.[1][38] During his stay inPortland, Oregon, he had notable feuds withDutch Savage andJimmy Snuka and won the Pacific Northwest Wrestling title twice (once from each wrestler) and the tag team title five times (twice each withBull Ramos and"Playboy" Buddy Rose, and once with Jerry Oates). He later moved to his hometown promotion, theAmerican Wrestling Association in Minnesota and began teaming withAdrian Adonis as the "East-West Connection" in 1979. In his RF Video shoot in 2012, he revealed that shortly after he arrived in the AWA he was given the nickname "the Body" byVerne Gagne.[4][38] The duo won theAWA World Tag Team Championship on July 20, 1980, on aforfeit when Gagne, one-half of the tag team champions along withMad Dog Vachon, failed to show up for a title defense inDenver, Colorado.[1] The duo held the belts for nearly a year, losing to "The High Flyers" (Greg Gagne andJim Brunzell).[1]
Shortly after losing the belts, the duo moved on to theWorld Wrestling Federation, where they were managed byFreddie Blassie.[1] Although the duo was unable to capture theWorld Tag Team Championship, both Adonis and Ventura became singles title contenders, each earning several title shots atWWF Heavyweight ChampionBob Backlund.[1]
Ventura continued to wrestle until September 1984 after three back-to-back losses to world championHulk Hogan, when blood clots in his lungs effectively ended his in-ring career. He claimed that the clots were a result of his exposure toAgent Orange during his time in Vietnam.[1][39] Ventura returned to the ring in 1985, forming a tag-team withRandy Savage and Savage's manager (and real-life wife)Miss Elizabeth. Often after their televised matches Ventura taunted and challenged fellow commentatorBruno Sammartino, but nothing ever came of this.[citation needed]
Ventura participated in a six-man tag-team match in December 1985 when he,Roddy Piper, andBob Orton defeatedHillbilly Jim,Uncle Elmer, andCousin Luke in a match broadcast onSaturday Night's Main Event IV. The tag match against the Hillbillies came about after Piper and Orton interrupted Elmer's wedding ceremony on the previous edition of the show; Ventura, who later claimed that he was under instruction from fellow commentator and WWF ownerVince McMahon to "bury them", insulted Elmer and his wife during commentary of a real wedding ceremony at theMeadowlands Arena, by proclaiming when they kissed: "It looks like twocarp in the middle of theMississippi River going after the same piece of corn." According to Ventura, the wedding was real, for at that time theNew Jersey State Athletic Control Board would not allow the WWF to stage a fake wedding in the state ofNew Jersey, so Stan Frazier (Uncle Elmer) and his fiancee had agreed to have a real in-ring wedding.[1]
Ventura retired from wrestling in March 1986. His final match was a tag with Roddy Piper, defeating The Orient Express at a house show in Los Angeles on March 25, 1990.[40]
After a failed comeback bid, Ventura hosted his own talk segment on the WWF'sAll Star Wrestling TV program called "The Body Shop", in much the same heel style as "Piper's Pit", though the setting was a mock gym (when Ventura was unavailable, "The Body Shop" was often hosted byDon Muraco). He began to docolor commentary on television forAll-Star Wrestling, replacingAngelo Mosca, and laterSuperstars of Wrestling, initially alongside Vince McMahon and the semi-retired Sammartino, and then just with McMahon after Sammartino's departure from the WWF in early 1988. Ventura most notably co-hostedSaturday Night's Main Event with McMahon, the first sixWrestleManias (five of which were alongsideGorilla Monsoon), and most of the WWF's pay-per-views at the time with Monsoon, with the lone exception for Ventura being thefirst SummerSlam, in which he served as the guest referee during the main event.[citation needed]
Ventura's entertaining commentary style was an extension of his wrestling persona, i.e., a "heel", as he was partial to the villains, something new and different at the time. McMahon, who was always looking for ways of jazzing things up, came up with the idea of Ventura doing heel commentary at a time when most commentators, including McMahon himself, openly favored thefan favorites.[1]
But Ventura still occasionally gave credit where it was due, praising the athleticism of fan favorites such asRicky Steamboat and Randy Savage, who was championed by Ventura for years, even when he was a face, a point Ventura regularly made on-air to McMahon and Monsoon. Occasionally he would even acknowledge mistakes made by the heels, including those made by his personal favorites such as Savage or wrestlers managed by heelsBobby Heenan andJimmy Hart.[citation needed]
One notable exception to this rule was theWrestleMania VI Ultimate Challenge title for title match betweenWWF ChampionHulk Hogan and theWWF Intercontinental Champion, TheUltimate Warrior. Since they were both fan favorites, Ventura took a neutral position in his commentary, even praising Hogan's display of sportsmanship at the end of the match when he handed over the WWF Championship belt to the Warrior after he lost the title, stating that Hogan was going out like a true champion. During the match, however, which was also the last match at WrestleMania he called, Ventura did voice his pleasure when both broke the rules, at one point claiming, "This is what I like. Let the two goody two-shoes throw the rule book out and get nasty." Ventura's praise of Hogan's action was unusual for him, because he regularly rooted against Hogan during his matches, usually telling fellow commentator Monsoon after Hogan had won a championship match at a WrestleMania that he might "come out of retirement and take this dude out".
Hogan and Ventura were at one point close friends,[41] but Ventura abruptly ended the friendship in 1994 after he discovered, during his lawsuit against McMahon, that Hogan was the one who had told McMahon about Ventura's attempt to form a labor union in 1986 beforeWrestleMania 2.[41] After a dispute with McMahon over the use of his image for promoting aSega product, Ventura left the WWF in August 1990.
Ventura later served as a radio announcer for a fewNational Football League teams, among them theMinnesota Vikings andTampa Bay Buccaneers.[1]
In February 1992 atSuperBrawl II, Ventura joinedWorld Championship Wrestling as a commentator. WCW PresidentEric Bischoff ultimately released him for allegedly falling asleep during aWCW Worldwide TV taping at Disney MGM Studios in July 1994, but it has been speculated that the move may have had more to do with Hogan's arrival shortly before.[1]
In 1987, while negotiating his contract as aWWF commentator, Ventura waived his rights to royalties on videotape sales when he was falsely told that only feature performers received such royalties. In November 1991, having discovered that other non-feature performers receivedroyalties, Ventura brought an action for fraud, misappropriation of publicity rights, andquantum meruit inMinnesotastate court against Titan Sports, asking for $2 million (~$4.09 million in 2024) in royalties based on a fair market value share.[42] Titan moved the case tofederal court, and Ventura won an $801,333 juryverdict on the last claim. In addition, the judge awarded him $8,625 in back pay for all non-video WWF merchandising featuring Ventura. The judgment was affirmed on appeal, and the case,[43]65 F.3d 725 (8th Cir.1995), is an important result in the law ofrestitution. As a result, Ventura's commentary is removed on most releases fromWWE Home Video.[44]
In mid-1999, Ventura reappeared on WWF television during his term as governor of Minnesota, acting as the special guest referee for the main event ofSummerSlam, held in Minneapolis.[1] He continued his relationship with the WWF by doing commentary for Vince McMahon's short-livedXFL.[1]
On the June 4, 2001, episode ofRaw, which aired live from Minnesota, Ventura appeared to overrule McMahon's authority and approve a WWF championship match between then-championStone Cold Steve Austin andChris Jericho.
On the March 20, 2003, episode ofSmackDown!, Ventura appeared in ataped interview to talk about the match between McMahon and Hogan atWrestleMania XIX.[1]
On March 13, 2004, Ventura was inducted into theWWE Hall of Fame. The next night, atWrestleMania XX, he approached the ring to interviewDonald Trump, who had a front-row seat.[1] Trump affirmed that Ventura would receive his moral and financial support were he to reenter politics. Alluding to the2008 election, Ventura announced, "I think we oughta put a wrestler in the White House in 2008!"
Ventura was guest host on the November 23, 2009, episode ofRaw, during which he retained hisheel persona by siding with the number one contenderSheamus over WWE ChampionJohn Cena. This happened while he confronted Cena about how it was unfair that Cena always got a title shot in the WWE while Ventura never did during his WWE career. After that, Sheamus attacked Cena and put him through a table. Ventura then made the match a Table match atTLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs. During the show, for the first time in nearly 20 years, McMahon joined Ventura ringside to provide match commentary.[45]
On December 14, 2024, Ventura returned toSaturday Night's Main Event. He dual broadcast the show withJoe Tessitore and called the main event match for theUndisputed WWE Championship between Undisputed WWE ChampionCody Rhodes andKevin Owens withMichael Cole andPat McAfee.[46]
On January 25, 2025, Ventura returned toSaturday Night's Main Event XXXVIII, again dual broadcasting the show with Joe Tessitore. He called theWWE Intercontinental Championship match between Intercontinental ChampionBron Breakker and Sheamus alongside Michael Cole and Pat McAfee. On May 24, he returned forSaturday Night's Main Event XXXIX, calling the steel cage match betweenDrew McIntyre andDamian Priest.[47]
Near the end of his wrestling career, Ventura began an acting career. He appeared in the moviePredator (1987), whose cast included future CaliforniaGovernorArnold Schwarzenegger and futureKentuckygubernatorial candidateSonny Landham.[1] Ventura became close friends with Schwarzenegger during the production ofPredator. He appeared in two episodes ofZorro filmed in Madrid, Spain, in 1991. He had a starring role in the 1990 sci-fi movieAbraxas, Guardian of the Universe. He had supporting roles inThe Running Man (again with Schwarzenegger),No Holds Barred,Thunderground,Demolition Man,Repossessed,Ricochet,The Master of Disguise (in which he steals theLiberty Bell),Ready to Rumble, andBatman & Robin—the first and last of these also starring Schwarzenegger. Ventura made a cameo appearance inMajor League II as "White Lightning". He appeared as a self-help guru (voice only) inThe Ringer, trying to turnJohnny Knoxville into a more confident worker. Ventura had a cameo inThe X-Files episode "Jose Chung'sFrom Outer Space" as aMan in Black alongside fellow 'MiB'Alex Trebek. In 2008, Ventura was in the independent comedyWoodshop, starring as high school shop teacher Mr. Madson. The film was released September 7, 2010.[citation needed]
 | This section of abiography of a living persondoes notinclude anyreferences or sources. Please help by addingreliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourcedmust be removed immediately. Find sources: "Jesse Ventura" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Predator | Blain Cooper |
| The Running Man | 'Captain Freedom' | |
| 1989 | Thunderground | The Man |
| No Holds Barred | Himself | |
| 1990 | Abraxas, Guardian of the Universe | Abraxas |
| Repossessed | Himself | |
| 1991 | Tagteam | Bobby Youngblood |
| Ricochet | Jake Chewalski | |
| 1993 | Living and Working in Space: The Countdown Has Begun | DMV Testee |
| Demolition Man | CryoCon | |
| 1994 | Major League II | Himself |
| 1997 | Batman & Robin | Arkham Asylum Guard |
| 2000 | Ready to Rumble | Himself |
| 2001 | Joe Somebody | Himself |
| 2002 | The Master of Disguise | Himself |
| 2003 | Stuck on You | Himself |
| 2005 | The Ringer | Motivational Speaker |
| 2008 | Borders | Conrad |
| 2010 | Woodshop | Mr. Madson |
| 2014 | The Drunk | Governor Littleton |
Ventura was a bodyguard forThe Rolling Stones in the late 1970s and 1980s. Its lead singer,Mick Jagger, said of him, "He's done us proud, hasn't he? He's been fantastic."[48]
In the late 1980s, Ventura appeared in a series ofMiller Lite commercials.[49][50][51]
In 1989, Ventura co-hosted the four episodes of theDiC Entertainment children's programRecord Breakers: World of Speed along with Gary Apple.[52][53] In 1991, the pilot episode forTag Team, a television program about two ex-professional wrestlers turned police officers, starred Ventura andRoddy Piper.[54]
Ventura also co-hosted the short-lived syndicated game showThe Grudge Match alongside sportscasterSteve Albert.[citation needed]
Between 1995 and 1998, Ventura hadradio call-in shows onKFAN 1130 andKSTP 1500 inMinneapolis–Saint Paul. He also had a brief role on the television soap operaThe Young and the Restless in 1999.[citation needed][55]
On April 12, 1996, Ventura starred inThe X-Files Season 3 episodeJose Chung's "From Outer Space" as a mysterious Man in Black.[56]
Ventura has been criticized by the press for profiting from his heightened popularity. He was hired as a television analyst for the failedXFLfootball league in 2001, served as a referee at aWWF SummerSlam match in 1999, and published several books during his tenure as governor. On his weekly radio show, he often criticized the media for focusing on these deals rather than his policy proposals.[57]
From 2009 to 2012,TruTV aired three seasons of the television seriesConspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura.[58]
Ventura had a guest spot on an episode of the 2012 rebootedTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series onNickelodeon.[citation needed]
In 2013, Ventura announced a new show,Jesse Ventura: Uncensored, which launched on January 27, 2014,[59] and later renamedOff the Grid, and aired until 2016 onOra TV, an onlinevideo on demand network founded byLarry King.[60]
In 2017, Ventura became the host of the showThe World According to Jesse onRT America;[61] the series ended in March 2022 when RT programming produced by its production partner Ora TV was suspended afterRussia's invasion of Ukraine.[62] RT America ceased operations on March 3, 2022.[63]
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After his departure from the WWF, Ventura took a former high school teacher's advice and ran for mayor ofBrooklyn Park, Minnesota, in 1990.[64] He defeated the city's 18-year incumbent mayor and served from 1991 to 1995.[65] Manyprofessional wrestling personalities have entered politics, but Ventura is among the few, includingJim Barnett andAntonio Inoki, to have remained active in wrestling while serving in a government role: he was simultaneously mayor and WCW's color commentator through much of his mayoral tenure.
Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined theIndependence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with theReform Party of the United States of America). His campaign consisted of a combination of aggressivegrassroots events organized in part by his campaign managerDoug Friedline and original television spots, designed by quirky admanBill Hillsman, using the phrase "Don't vote for politics as usual." He spent considerably less than his opponents (about $300,000) and was a pioneer in his using the Internet as a medium of reaching out to voters in a political campaign.[66]
He won the election in November 1998, narrowly and unexpectedly defeating the major-party candidates,RepublicanSt. Paul mayorNorm Coleman andDemocratic-Farmer-LaborAttorney GeneralHubert H. "Skip" Humphrey III. During his victory speech, Ventura famously declared, "We shocked the world!"[67] After his election, bumper stickers and T-shirts bearing the slogan "My governor can beat up your governor" appeared in Minnesota. The nickname "Jesse 'The Mind'" (from a last-minute Hillsman ad featuring Ventura posing as Rodin'sThinker) began to resurface sarcastically in reference to his often controversial remarks. Ventura's old stage name "Jesse 'The Body'" (sometimes adapted to "Jesse 'The Governing Body'") also continued to appear with some regularity.[citation needed]
After a trade mission to China in 2002, Ventura announced that he would not run for a second term, saying that he no longer felt dedicated enough to his job and accusing the media of hounding him and his family for personal behavior and beliefs while neglecting coverage of important policy issues.[68] He later told aBoston Globe reporter that he would have run for a second term if he had been single, citing the media's effect on his family life.[69]
Ventura sparked media criticism when, nearing the end of his term, he suggested that he might resign from office early to allow his lieutenant governor,Mae Schunk, an opportunity to serve as governor. He further said that he wanted her to be the state's first female governor and have her portrait painted and hung in the Capitol along with the other governors'. Ventura quickly retreated from the comments, saying he was just floating an idea.[70]
Inpolitical debates, Ventura often admitted that he had not formed an opinion on certain policy questions. He often called himself "fiscally conservative and socially liberal."[71] He selected teacherMae Schunk as his running mate.[72]
Lacking a party base in theMinnesota House of Representatives andSenate, Ventura's policy ambitions had little chance of being introduced as bills. He vetoed 45 bills in his first year, only three of which were overridden. The reputation for having his vetoes overridden comes from his fourth and final year, when six of his nine vetoes were overridden.[73] Nevertheless, Ventura succeeded with some of his initiatives. One of the most notable was the rebate onsales tax; each year of his administration, Minnesotans received a tax-free check in the late summer.[74] The state was running abudget surplus at the time, and Ventura believed the money should be returned.[citation needed]
Later, Ventura came to support aunicameral (one-house) legislature,property tax reform,gay rights,recreational marijuana, and abortion rights. While fundingpublic school education generously, he opposed the teachers' union, and did not have a high regard for public funding of higher education institutions.[75]
In an interview onThe Howard Stern Show, he reaffirmed his support of gay rights, including marriage and military service, humorously stating he would have gladly served alongside homosexuals when he was in the Navy as they would have provided less competition for women.[76] Later, on the subject of a2012 referendum on amending theMinnesota Constitution to limit marriage to male-female couples, Ventura said, "I certainly hope that people don't amend our constitution to stop gay marriage because, number one, the constitution is there to protect people, not oppress them", and related a story from his wrestling days of a friend who was denied hospital visitation to his same-sex partner.[77]
During the first part of his administration, Ventura strongly advocated for land-use reform and substantialmass transit improvements, such aslight rail.[78]
During another trade mission toCuba in the summer of 2002, he denounced theUnited States embargo against Cuba, saying the embargo affected the Cuban public more than it did its government.[79]
Ventura greatly disapproved of some of the events at the 2002 memorial forSenatorPaul Wellstone, his family, and others who died in a plane crash on October 25, 2002. Ventura said, "I feel used. I feel violated and duped over the fact that the memorial ceremony turned into a political rally".[80][81] He left halfway through the controversial speech made by Wellstone's best friend, Rick Kahn. Ventura had initially planned to appoint a Democrat to Wellstone's seat,[82] but instead appointedDean Barkley to representMinnesota in the Senate until Wellstone's term expired in January 2003. Barkley was succeeded byNorm Coleman, who won theseat againstWalter Mondale, who replaced Wellstone as the Democratic nominee after Wellstone died a few days before the election.[83]
Ventura, who ran on a Reform Party ticket and advocated for a greater role for third parties in American politics, is highly critical of both Democrats and Republicans. He has called both parties "monsters that are out of control", concerned only with "their own agendas and their pork."[85]
In his bookIndependent Nation, political analystJohn Avlon calls Ventura aradical centrist thinker and activist.[86]
After the legislature refused to increase spending for security, Ventura attracted criticism when he decided not to live in the governor's mansion during his tenure, choosing instead to shut it down and stay at his home inMaple Grove.[87]
In 1999, a group of disgruntled citizens petitioned to recall Governor Ventura, alleging, among other things, that "the use of state security personnel to protect the governor on a book promotion tour constituted illegal use of state property for personal gain." The proposed petition was dismissed by order of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Minnesota.[88] Under Minnesota law, the Chief Justice must review recall petitions for legal sufficiency, and, upon such review, the Chief Justice determined that it did not allege the commission of any act that violated Minnesota law. Ventura sought attorney's fees as a sanction for the filing of a frivolous petition for recall, but that request was denied on the ground that there was no statutory authority for such an award.[89]
Ventura was also criticized for mishandling the Minnesota state budget, with Minnesota state economist Tom Stinson noting that the statewide capital gain fell from $9 billion to $4 billion between 2000 and 2001.[10] Ventura had vetoed this budget, but the state legislature overrode him.[90] This deficit received national attention, for instance making a 10-question interview byTime journalist Matthew Cooper with Ventura.[91] When Ventura left office in 2003, Minnesota had a $4.2 billion budget deficit, compared to the $3 billion budget surplus when Ventura took office in 1999.[10]
During his tenure as governor, Ventura drew frequent fire from the Twin Cities press. He called reporters "media jackals," with the label "Official Jackal" even appearing on the press passes required to enter his press area.[92] Shortly after Ventura's election as governor, author andhumoristGarrison Keillor wrote asatirical book about him,Me: Jimmy (Big Boy) Valente, depicting a self-aggrandizing former "Navy W.A.L.R.U.S. (Water Air Land Rising Up Suddenly)" turned professional wrestler turned politician. Ventura initially responded angrily to the satire, but later said Keillor "makes Minnesota proud".[93] During his term, Ventura appeared on theLate Show with David Letterman, in which he responded controversially to the following question: "So which is the better city of the Twin Cities, Minneapolis or St. Paul?". Ventura responded, "Minneapolis. Those streets in St. Paul must have been designed by drunken Irishmen". He later apologized for the remark, saying it was not intended to be taken seriously.[94]
Ventura'sapproval rating got as high as 73 percent in July 1999, but by the end of his term it had fallen to 40 percent.[95]
While Ventura has not held public office since the end of his term as governor in 2003, he has remained politically active and occasionally hinted at running again for political office. In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN'sThe Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering therace for theUnited States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race. ATwin Cities stationFox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidateAl Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race. OnLarry King Live on July 14, 2008, Ventura said he would not run, partly out of concern for his family's privacy.[96] Franken won the election by a very narrow margin.[97]
In his 1999 autobiographyI Ain't Got Time to Bleed, Ventura suggested that he did not plan to run for president of the United States but did not rule it out.[85] In 2003, he expressed interest in running for president while accepting an award from the International Wrestling Institute and Museum in Newton, Iowa.[98] He spoke at Republican presidential candidateRon Paul's "Rally for the Republic", organized by theCampaign for Liberty, on September 2, 2008, and implied a possible future run for president. At the end of his speech, Ventura announced if he saw that the public was willing to see a change in the direction of the country, then "in2012 we'll give them a race they'll never forget!" In 2011, Ventura expressed interest in running with Ron Paul in the2012 presidential election if Paul would run as anindependent.[99] On November 4, 2011, Ventura said at a press conference about the dismissal of his court case against theTransportation Security Administration for what he claimed were illegal searches of air travelers that he was "thinking about" running for president.[100][101] Ventura was reportedly in talks with theLibertarian Party to run for president on its ticket, but party chairman Mark Hinkle said, "Jesse is more interested in 2016 than he is in 2012. But I think he's serious. If Ron Paul ran as a Libertarian, I think he definitely would be interested in running as a vice presidential candidate. He's thinking, 'If I run as the vice presidential candidate under Ron Paul in 2012, I could run as a presidential candidate in 2016'."[102]
David Gewirtz of ZDNet wrote in a November 2011 article that he thought Ventura could win if he declared his intention to run at that point and ran a serious campaign, but that it would be a long shot.[103]In late 2015, Ventura publicly flirted with the idea of running for president in 2016 as aLibertarian but allowed his self-imposed deadline of May 1 to pass.[104] He also expressed an openness to be eitherDonald Trump's orBernie Sanders's running mate in 2016.[105] Ventura tried to officially endorse Sanders but his endorsement was rejected.[106] Ventura then endorsed formerNew Mexico GovernorGary Johnson, the Libertarian nominee, saying, "Johnson is a very viable alternative" and "This is the year for a third-party candidate to rise if there ever was one."[107] Despite this, he later claimed that he ultimately voted forGreen Party nomineeJill Stein.[108]
Ventura expressed interest in running for president again in 2020, but said he would do so only under the Green Party banner.[109] "The [Green Party] has shown some interest. I haven't made a decision yet because it's a long time off. If I do do it, Trump will not have a chance. For one, Trump knows wrestling. He participated in two WrestleManias. He knows he can never out-talk a wrestler, and he knows I'm the greatest talker wrestling's ever had."[110]
On April 27, 2020, Ventura submitted a letter of interest to the Green Party Presidential Support Committee, the first step to seeking the Green Party's presidential nomination.[13][111] In May, he announced that he would not run for health reasons, explaining that he would lose his employer-provided health insurance.[112]
Ventura said he wouldwrite in his own name in the presidential election, but would support Green candidates in down-ballot races. He said he "refuse[s] to vote for 'the lesser of two evils' because in the end, that's still choosing evil."[113] Ventura received seven presidential delegate votes at the2020 Green National Convention, having been awarded them through write-in votes in the2020 Green primaries. Despite the national Green Party nominatingHowie Hawkins for president andAngela Nicole Walker for vice president, theGreen Party of Alaska nominated Ventura and former representativeCynthia McKinney without Ventura's consent. Ventura and McKinneyreceived 0.7% of the Alaska popular vote.[114]
In a May 11, 2009, interview withLarry King, Ventura twice said thatGeorge W. Bush was the worst president of his lifetime, adding "President Obama inherited something I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy. You know? Two wars, an economy that's borderline depression."[115] On the issue ofwaterboarding, Ventura added:
I will criticize President Obama on this level: it's a good thing I'm not president because I would prosecute every person that was involved in that torture. I would prosecute the people that did it. I would prosecute the people that ordered it. Because torture is against the law. [King: And you were a Navy SEAL.] That's right, and I was waterboarded... at SERE school,Survival Escape Resistance Evasion [sic]. It was a required school you had to go to prior to going into the combat zone, which in my era was Vietnam. All of us had to go there. We were all in essence, every one of us was waterboarded. It is torture. [King: What was it like?] It's drowning. It gives you the complete sensation that you are drowning. It's no good, because you—I'll put it to you this way, you give me a water board,Dick Cheney, and one hour, and I'll have him confess to theSharon Tate murders... If it's done wrong, you certainly could drown. You could swallow your tongue. [It] could do a whole bunch of stuff to you. If it's done wrong or—it's torture, Larry. It's torture.[115]
In April and May 2008, in several radio interviews for his new bookDon't Start the Revolution Without Me, Ventura expressed concern about what he called unanswered questions about9/11.[116] His remarks about the possibility that theWorld Trade Center was demolished with explosives were repeated in newspaper and television stories after some of the interviews.[117]
On May 18, 2009, when asked bySean Hannity ofFox News how George W. Bush could have avoided the September 11 attacks, Ventura answered, "And there it is again—you pay attention tomemos on August 6th that tell you exactly whatbin Laden's gonna do."[118]
On April 9, 2011, whenPiers Morgan of CNN asked Ventura for his official view of the events of 9/11, Ventura said, "My theory of 9/11 is that we certainly—at the bestwe knew it was going to happen. They allowed it to happen to further their agenda in the Middle East and go tothese wars."[119]
Ventura was succeeded in office on January 6, 2003, by RepublicanTim Pawlenty.
In October 2003 he began a weeklyMSNBC show,Jesse Ventura's America; the show was canceled after a couple of months. Ventura has alleged it was canceled because he opposed theIraq War. MSNBC honored the balance of his three-year contract, legally preventing him from doing any other TV or news shows.[120]
On October 22, 2004, with Ventura by his side, formerMaine GovernorAngus King endorsedJohn Kerry for president at the Minnesota state capitol building. Ventura did not speak at the press conference. When prodded for a statement, King responded, "He plans to vote for John Kerry, but he doesn't want to make a statement and subject himself to the tender mercies of the Minnesota press".[121] In the2012 Senate elections, Ventura endorsed King in his campaign for the open Senate seat in Maine, which King won.[122]
In November 2004, an advertisement began airing in California featuring Ventura, in which he voiced his opposition to then-GovernorArnold Schwarzenegger's policies regarding Native Americancasinos.[123] Ventura served as an advisory board member for a group calledOperation Truth, a nonprofit organization set up "to give voice to troops who served in Iraq." "The current use of theNational Guard is wrong....These are men who did not sign up to go occupy foreign nations".[124]
In August 2005, Ventura became the spokesperson forBetUS, an onlinesportsbook.[125]
On December 29, 2011, Ventura announced his support for Ron Paul onThe Alex Jones Show in the 2012 presidential election as "the only anti-war candidate." Like Paul, Ventura is known for supporting a lessinterventionist foreign policy.[126] But afterMitt Romney became thepresumptive Republican nominee in May 2012, Ventura gave his support toLibertarian candidateGary Johnson on June 12, 2012, who Ventura argued was the choice for voters who "really want to rebel."[127]
In September 2012, Ventura and his wife appeared in an advertisement calling for voters to reject a referendum to be held in Minnesota during theNovember elections that amend the state constitution toban same-sex marriage. The referendum was defeated.[128][129]
In October 2022, Ventura endorsed incumbent governorTim Walz forreelection in an advertisement, praising Walz's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, protection of women's rights, and protection of democracy.[130]
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In March 2024, after Ventura publicly endorsed hisindependent presidential bid,Robert F. Kennedy Jr. shortlisted him as a candidate forvice president on his campaign ticket; many states require one to meet ballot access deadlines.[131]
After Kennedy withdrew from the race andKamala Harris chose Walz as her running mate, Ventura endorsed Harris. He strongly defended Walz against attacks by Republicans questioning his military service, pointing out that Walz served well after he reached retirement age. He accused Republican vice-presidential nomineeJD Vance of hypocrisy for attacking Walz while standing behindDonald Trump, who avoided being drafted in the Vietnam War. Ventura also criticized Hulk Hogan, who was a featured speaker at theRepublican National Convention, saying: "When I was in wrestling in the '80s, I tried to unionize wrestling, and it was Hulk Hogan who cut my legs out from under me... So it doesn't surprise me to see Hogan with the Republicans, because Hogan is as anti-union as it gets."[132]
Ventura wrote several other books after leaving office. On April 1, 2008, hisDon't Start the Revolution Without Me was released. In it, Ventura describes a hypothetical campaign in which he is an independent candidate for president of the United States in2008. In an interview with theAssociated Press at the time of the book's release, Ventura denied any plans for a presidential bid, saying that the scenario was only imaginary and not indicative of a "secret plan to run".[133] OnMinnPost.com, Ventura's agent, Steve Schwartz, said of the book, "[Ventura is revealing] why he left politics and discussing the disastrous war in Iraq, why he sees our two-party system as corrupt, and whatFidel Castro told him about who was really behind the assassination ofPresident Kennedy."[134]
Ventura also wroteDemoCRIPS and ReBLOODlicans: No More Gangs in Government, which was released on June 11, 2012. The book expresses Ventura's opposition to thetwo-party system and calls for political parties to be abolished.[135]
On September 6, 2016,Jesse Ventura's Marijuana Manifesto was released, making the case for thelegalization of cannabis and detailing the various special interests that benefit from keeping it illegal.[136]
In December 2009, Ventura hostedTruTV's new showConspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura.[137] "Ventura will hunt down answers, plunging viewers into a world of secret meetings, midnight surveillance, shifty characters and dark forces," truTV said in a statement. On the program, Ventura traveled the country, investigating cases and getting input from believers and skeptics before passing judgment on a theory's validity.[138] According to TruTV, the first episode drew 1.6 million viewers, a record for a new series on the network.[139]
The first season was followed by a second in 2010 and a third in 2012.[140] After three seasons, the show was discontinued in 2013,[141] but as of 2017 it is still shown worldwide on satellite TV.[citation needed]
On July 31, 2014, Ventura launched a weekly podcast,We The People, distributed byAdam Carolla's "Carolla Digital",[142][143][144] which ran until March 4, 2015.[145][146] Guests includedLarry King,[147]Bill Goldberg,Chris Jericho,Roddy Piper,Donald Trump,Mark Dice, and leading members of the9/11 Truth movement.[148]
Bill Salisbury, an attorney in San Diego and a former Navy SEAL officer, has accused Ventura of "pretending" to be a SEAL. He wrote that Ventura blurred an important distinction by claiming to be a SEAL when he was actually a frogman with theUDT. Compared to SEAL teams, UDTs saw less combat and took fewer casualties.[28][149]
Salisbury described Ventura's Navy training thus:
[Ventura] took a screening test at boot camp to qualify for...Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) training...Those who completed BUD/S, when [Ventura] was in training, were sent to either a SEAL or an underwater demolition team. Graduation did not, however, authorize the trainee to call himself a SEAL or a UDT frogman. He had to first successfully complete a six-month probationary period in the Teams.[150]
Ventura underwent BUD/S training and was assigned to a UDT team. He received the NEC 5321/22 UDT designation after completing a six-month probationary period with Underwater Demolition Team 12. He was never granted the Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) 5326 Combatant Swimmer (SEAL) designation, which requires a six-month probationary period with SEAL TEAM ONE or TWO. In 1983, eight years after Ventura left the Navy, the UDTs were disbanded, and those operators were retrained and retasked as SEALs.[citation needed]
Responding to the controversy, Ventura's office confirmed that he was a member of the UDT. His spokesman said that Ventura has never tried to convince people otherwise.[28] Ventura said, "Today we refer to all of us as SEALs. That's all it is." He dismissed the accusations of lying about being a SEAL as "much ado about nothing".[149]
Former Navy SEALBrandon Webb, the editor of the website SOFREP.com, wrote in a column on the site, "Jesse Ventura graduated with Basic Underwater Demolition Class 58 and, like it or not, he earned his status." He disagreed with the argument that Ventura was a UDT and not a SEAL, saying "try telling that to a WWII UDT veteran who swam ashore before the landing craft on D-Day." "The UDTs and SEALs are essentially one and the same. It's why the UDT is still part of the training acronym BUD/S", Webb wrote.[151]
In January 2011, Ventura filed a lawsuit against theTransportation Security Administration, seeking adeclaration that the agency's newcontroversial pat-down policy violated citizens'Fourth Amendment rights and aninjunction to bar the TSA from subjecting him to the pat-down procedures. Ventura received a titanium hip replacement in 2008 that sets off metal detectors at airport security checkpoints.[152]
TheU.S. district court dismissed the suit for lack ofjurisdiction in November 2011, ruling that "challenges to TSA orders, policies and procedures" must be brought only in theU.S. courts of appeals.[153] After the court's ruling, Ventura held a press conference in which he called the federal judges cowards; said he no longer felt patriotic and would henceforth refer to the U.S. as the "Fascist States of America"; said he would never takecommercial flights again; said he would seekdual citizenship in Mexico; and said he would "never stand for a national anthem again" and would insteadraise a fist.[154]
During a January 2012 interview onOpie and Anthony to promote his autobiographyAmerican Sniper, former Navy SEALChris Kyle said he had punched Ventura in 2006 at a bar inCoronado, California, during a wake forMichael A. Monsoor, a fellow SEAL who had been killed in Iraq. According to Kyle, Ventura was vocally expressing opposition to theWar in Iraq. Kyle, who wrote about the alleged incident in his book but did not mention Ventura by name, said he approached Ventura and asked him to tone down his voice because the families of SEAL personnel were present, but that Ventura responded that the SEALs "deserved to lose a few guys." Kyle said he then punched Ventura.[155][156] Ventura denied the event occurred.[155]
In January 2012, after Kyle declined to retract his statement, Ventura sued Kyle fordefamation infederal court. In a motion filed by Kyle's attorney in August 2012 to dismiss two of the suit's three counts, declarations by five former SEALs and the mothers of two others supported Kyle's account.[156][157] But in a motion filed by Ventura, Bill DeWitt, a close friend of Ventura and former SEAL who was present with him at the bar, suggested that Ventura interacted with a few SEALs but was involved in no confrontation with Kyle and that Kyle's claims were false. DeWitt's wife also said she witnessed no fight between Kyle and Ventura.[158][159]
In 2013, while the lawsuit was ongoing, Kyle wasmurdered in an unrelated incident, and Ventura substitutedTaya Kyle, Chris Kyle's widow and the executor of his estate, as the defendant.[160] After a three-week trial in federal court in St. Paul in July 2014, the jury reached an 8–2 divided verdict in Ventura's favor, and awarded him $1.85 million, $500,000 fordefamation and $1,345,477.25 forunjust enrichment.[161][159][162][163] Ventura testified at the trial.[164][165] In August 2014, U.S. District JudgeRichard H. Kyle (no relation to Chris Kyle) upheld the jury's award, finding it "reasonable and supported by a preponderance of the evidence." Attorneys for Kyle's estate said that the defamation damages would be covered by HarperCollins's libel insurance. The unjust enrichment award was not covered by insurance. After the verdict, HarperCollins announced that it would remove the sub-chapter "Punching out Scruff Face" from all future editions of Kyle's book.[166] Kyle's estate moved for eitherjudgment as a matter of law or anew trial.[167][168][169] In November 2014, the district court denied the motions.[170][171]
Kyle's estate appealed to theU.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.[172][173]Oral argument was held in October 2015,[174][175] and on June 13, 2016, the appeals court vacated and reversed the unjust-enrichment judgment, and vacated and remanded the defamation judgment for a new trial, holding that "We cannot accept Ventura's unjust-enrichment theory, because it enjoys no legal support under Minnesota law. Ventura's unjust-enrichment claim fails as a matter of law."[176][177] Ventura sought to appeal the circuit court's decision to theU.S. Supreme Court,[178] but in January 2017, the Supreme Courtdeclined to hear the appeal.[179]
In December 2014, Ventura sued publisher HarperCollins over the same statement inAmerican Sniper.[180] In December 2017, Ventura and HarperCollins settled the dispute on undisclosed terms, and Ventura dropped his lawsuit against both the publisher and Kyle's estate.[181][182][183]
On July 18, 1975, three days after his 24th birthday, Ventura married his wife, Terry.[21] The couple have two children: a son, Tyrel,[184] who is a film and television director and producer,[185] and a daughter, Jade.[184] With the exception of the first twoWrestleManias, Ventura always said hello to "Terry, Tyrel and Jade back in Minneapolis" during his commentary at the annual event. Tyrel also had the honor of inducting his father into theWWE Hall of Fameclass of 2004, and worked onConspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura, including as an investigator in the show's third season.[citation needed]
Ventura and his wife split their time betweenWhite Bear Lake, Minnesota, andLos Cabos,Baja California Sur, Mexico.[186] Regarding his life in Mexico, Ventura has said:
I live one hour from pavement and one hour from electricity. I drive down and back every year and it's truly an adventure to live down there where I do, because I'm off the grid. I have electricity, but it's all solar. I'm completely solar-powered down there. And it makes you pay more attention. It makes you turn the lights off when you're not using them.[187]
During his wrestling days, Ventura usedanabolic steroids. He admitted this after retiring from competition, and went on to make public service announcements and appear in printed ads and on posters warning young people about the potential dangers and potential health risks of abusing steroids.[188]
In 2002, Ventura was hospitalized for a severeblood clot in his lungs, the same kind of injury that ended his wrestling career.[189]
In 1999, Ventura said during anNBC News interview that he wasbaptized a Lutheran; later, he said onThe Joe Rogan Experience that he was anatheist.[190][191] In aPlayboy interview, Ventura said, "Organized religion is asham and a crutch for weak-minded people who need strength in numbers. It tells people to go out and stick their noses in other people's business. I live by the golden rule: Treat others as you'd want them to treat you. The religious right wants to tell people how to live."[192] In his 1999 bestselling memoirI Ain't Got Time to Bleed, Ventura responded to the controversy sparked by these remarks by elaborating on his views on religion:
I'd like to clarify my comments published inPlayboy about religious people being weak-minded. I didn't mean all religious people. I don't have any problem with the vast majority of religious folks. I count myself among them, more or less. But I believe because it makes sense to me, not because I think it can be proven. There are lots of people out there who think they know the truth about God and religion, but does anybody really know for sure? That's why theFounding Fathers built freedom of religious belief into the structure of this nation, so that everybody could make up their minds for themselves. But I do have a problem with the people who think they have some right to try to impose their beliefs on others. I hate what the fundamentalist fanatics are doing to our country. It seems as though, if everybody doesn't accept their version of reality, that somehow invalidates it for them. Everybody must believe the same things they do. That's what I find weak and destructive.[85]
In April 2011, Ventura said onThe Howard Stern Show that he is an atheist and that his beliefs could disqualify him for office in the future: "I don't believe you can be an atheist and admit it and get elected in our country."[193] In an October 2010CNN interview, Ventura called religion the "root of all evil", adding, "you notice every war is fought over religion."[194]
As governor, Ventura endorsedequal rights forreligious minorities, as well as people whodo not believe in God, by declaring July 4, 2002, "Indivisible Day". He inadvertently proclaimed October 13–19, 2002, "Christian Heritage Week" in Minnesota.[195]
| 1990 Brooklyn Park mayoral election[207] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Votes | Percent | Outcome |
| Jesse Ventura, non-partisan | 12,728 | 63.3 | gain |
| Jim Krautkremer (inc.), non-partisan | 7,390 | 36.7 | loss |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Jesse Ventura | 773,713 | 37.0 | n/a | |
| Republican | Norm Coleman | 717,350 | 34.3 | −29.0 | |
| Democratic (DFL) | Hubert H. "Skip" Humphrey III | 587,528 | 28.1 | −6.0 | |
| Green | Ken Pentel | 7,034 | 0.3 | n/a | |
| Others | 5,365 | 0.3 | n/a | ||
| Write-ins | 776 | n/a | |||
| Majority | 56,363 | 2.7 | |||
| Turnout | 2,091,766 | 60.0 | |||
| Reformgain fromRepublican | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Donald Trump Mike Pence | 189,951 | 52.8 | +1.6 | |
| Democratic | Joe Biden Kamala Harris | 153,778 | 42.8 | +6.2 | |
| Libertarian | Jo Jorgensen Spike Cohen | 8,897 | 2.5 | −3.4 | |
| Green | Jesse Ventura Cynthia McKinney | 2,673 | 0.7 | −1.1 | |
| Constitution | Don Blankenship William Mohr | 1,127 | 0.3 | −0.9 | |
| Independent | Brock Pierce Karla Ballard | 825 | 0.2 | N/A | |
| Alliance | Rocky De La Fuente Darcy Richardson | 318 | 0.1 | N/A | |
| Write-in | 1,961 | 0.6 | N/A | ||
| Total votes | 359,530 | 100 | +6.7 | ||
| Republicanhold | Swing | ||||
25.3.1990
Actually Howard, I can't even run for office anymore. [...] Like George [Takei] I've come out of the closet. ... I'm an atheist. ... I don't believe you can be an atheist and admit it and get elected in our country.
,Cagematch,Wrestlingdata,Internet Wrestling Database| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| First | Reform nominee forGovernor of Minnesota 1998 | Succeeded by |
| First | Alaska Green nominee forPresident of the United States 2020 | Succeeded by Jasmine Sherman |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Governor of Minnesota 1999–2003 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
| Preceded byas Former Governor | Order of precedence of the United States | Succeeded byas Former Governor |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |
| People | |
| Other | |
