Jeff Tweedy | |
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.jpg) Tweedy performing in 2012 | |
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| Birth name | Jeffrey Scot Tweedy |
| Born | (1967-08-25)August 25, 1967 (age 57) Belleville, Illinois, U.S. |
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| Years active | 1984–present |
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Jeffrey Scot Tweedy (born August 25, 1967) is an American musician, singer songwriter, author, and record producer best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the bandWilco. Tweedy, originally fromBelleville, Illinois, began his music career in high school with his band The Plebes along withJay Farrar, also in the band. It became thealternative country bandUncle Tupelo.
After Uncle Tupelo broke up Tweedy formed Wilco which found critical and commercial success, most notably withYankee Hotel Foxtrot andA Ghost Is Born. The latter received aGrammy forBest Alternative Album in 2005.
During his career Tweedy has released 20 studio albums includingfour with Uncle Tupelo,twelve with Wilco,one with his son Spencer,a solo acoustic album, three solo studio albums, along with numerous collaborations with other musicians, most notablyMermaid Avenue withBilly Bragg.[1][2]
Tweedy was born inBelleville on August 25, 1967,[3] the fourth child of Bob and JoAnn Tweedy (née Werkmeister).[4] Bob Tweedy (died August 4, 2017[5]) worked forAlton & Southern Railroad inEast St. Louis; JoAnn was a kitchen designer.[1]: 11–15 Tweedy grew up with three siblings, older brother Greg Tweedy (he died in 2013), brother Steven Tweedy, and sister Debbie Voll.[4]
Tweedy's mother bought him his first guitar when he was six years old, although he did not begin to play it seriously until he was twelve. Apparently Tweedy told people that he knew how to play the guitar once he got his first guitar, even though he did not know how to play.
When he was twelve, Tweedy was injured in a bicycle accident and was laid up for the summer. He decided to learn how to play a few chords before somebody "called him out" on the lie.[1] On an appearance ofThe Late Show with Stephen Colbert, he remembered attending anX concert as a youngster inSt. Louis.The Replacements opened, andPaul Westerberg, their guitarist and vocalist, fell off the stage while performing. Tweedy recalls thinking "That looks like fun!"[6]
In 1981, when Tweedy was fourteen years old, he befriendedJay Farrar during an English class atBelleville Township High School West.[1]: 10 All of the members of Farrar's family enjoyed playing music; he already knewrock and roll music very well. By that time, Tweedy was a fan ofThe Ramones andcountry music while Farrar enjoyedThe Sex Pistols.[7] Tweedy attendedBelleville Area College andSouthern Illinois University Edwardsville.[1]
In the early 1980s, Tweedy joined The Plebes, arockabilly band, with brothers Wade and Dade Farrar which Tweedy joined in order to qualify for a battle of the bands competition. They won.[1]: 10, 17 [8] Tweedy pushed The Plebes away from the rockabilly music that they had been playing, which caused Dade Farrar to leave the band. The band renamed themselves The Primatives in 1984, taking their name from a song bygarage rock band The Groupies.[1]: 18 [9] Wade Farrar sang lead vocals and played harmonica, Jay Farrar played guitar, Tweedy played bass guitar, andMike Heidorn played drums. In late 1986, the band decided to change their name to Uncle Tupelo, because a more popular British band was also using the name "The Primitives".[10] The Primatives went on hiatus in 1986 after Wade Farrar left the band to finish his engineering degree at Southern Illinois University.[1]: 22 While waiting for Wade to return from campus, Farrar, Tweedy, and Heidorn formed Uncle Tupelo.
At his parents' request, Tweedy attended several universities, but dropped out of all of them to concentrate on Uncle Tupelo. Whilemoonlighting as a record store clerk at Euclid Records in St. Louis,[11][12] Tweedy met Tony Margherita. After Margherita saw the band perform at an acoustic concert in 1988, he decided to become the band's manager. The band began playing regular shows at Cicero's basement bar in theDelmar Loop nearWashington University in St. Louis with other bands playing in a similar style.[1]: 24–26 [10] Uncle Tupelo recorded a ten-track demo tape entitledNot Forever, Just For Now in 1989, attracting the attention ofGiant/Rockville Records. The independent label signed the band, and Uncle Tupelo's first album,No Depression, was released the next year.[10] Thetitle song, originally performed by theCarter Family, became strongly associated with thealternative country scene, and became the name of an influential alternative country periodical calledNo Depression.
During times when Uncle Tupelo was not touring, Tweedy and Farrar played as Coffee Creek, a short-lived cover band withThe Bottle Rockets'Brian Henneman and Mark Ortmann.[13] Around this time, Tweedy began developing problems with alcohol, leading to tensions between Tweedy and Farrar. While he never refused to play a gig, Tweedy was forced to sit out in place of Henneman at some performances. Tweedy quit drinking entirely after meeting future wife Sue Miller, although he replaced this habit with smokingmarijuana. However, after developing a dependence on marijuana, he quickly quit using it, as well.[1]: 51–53, 95 After releasingStill Feel Gone, the band formed a friendship withPeter Buck ofR.E.M., who produced their third albumMarch 16–20, 1992 for free.[1] Uncle Tupelo left the Rockville label in favor ofSire Records (Warner) later in 1992 because Rockville refused to pay the band any royalties for their albums.[1]: 72 After the signing,Max Johnston andJohn Stirratt joined the band as Mike Heidorn was replaced by Bill Belzer who was later replaced byKen Coomer.[1]: 74–75 The five-piece band recordedAnodyne, which sold over 150,000 copies and debuted at number 18 on theBillboardHeatseekers chart, but was the last album Uncle Tupelo released.[1]: 80 [14]
In January 1994, Farrar called Tony Margherita to tell him that the band was breaking up, saying that he was not having any fun in the band anymore and was not getting along with Tweedy. Tweedy was enraged that Farrar decided to break up the band without notifying him, and this led to a series of harsh verbal exchanges. Farrar and Tweedy agreed to a final Uncle Tupelo tour, but the concerts were marred by the two not participating in each other's songs. The band decided to play Tweedy's "The Long Cut" onLate Night with Conan O'Brien, which further distanced Farrar and Tweedy.[1]: 80–84 Farrar began to assemble a new band namedSon Volt with Mike Heidorn, bassist Jim Boquist, and his brother Dave Boquist. At the same time, Jeff Tweedy formedWilco with Stirratt, Johnston, and Coomer.[1]: 88, 90
In 1994, Tweedy formedWilco withJohn Stirratt,Max Johnston, andKen Coomer. Wilco has released twelve albums and found commercial success with their albumsYankee Hotel Foxtrot,A Ghost Is Born,Sky Blue Sky andWilco. The band also released two collaboration albums withBilly Bragg and one withThe Minus 5. Jeff Tweedy has been the recipient of twoGrammy Awards, including Best Alternative Album forA Ghost Is Born. Tweedy has also participated in a number of side groups includingGolden Smog andLoose Fur, published a book of poems, and released a DVD of solo performances. He was originally influenced by punk and country music, but has later reflected more experimental themes in his music.
Wilco signed withReprise/Warner Bros. Records and began recordingAM almost as soon as the band was formed.[1]: 89–91 After recording, Tweedy was introduced toJay Bennett, who then joined the band. Also during this time, Tweedy quit smoking marijuana after a particularly bad experience with somecannabis brownies.[1]: 94–96 A.M. did not fare as well commercially in comparison to Son Volt's first album, only reaching number 27 on the Heatseekers chart while Son Volt's debutTrace hit theBillboard 200.[15][16]Dan Murphy ofSoul Asylum invited Tweedy to join him in a supergroup namedGolden Smog withGary Louris and Marc Perlman of theJayhawks, Kraig Johnson of Run Westy Run, and Noah Levy ofThe Honeydogs. Under the pseudonym Scott Summit, Tweedy releasedDown by the Old Mainstream with Golden Smog in 1996.[1]: 105–106
Tweedy and Wilco began to explore new styles and broke from the style of previous recordings on the seminal sprawling double albumBeing There in 1996. Tweedy did not write music for many of the songs ahead of time, and welcomed unexpected sounds into the recording. Wilco recorded nineteen songs for the double-CD album, and wanted the label to release it with a retail price comparable to a single-CD release.[1]: 113, 116 Being There was a commercial success, selling 300,000 copies and peaking in the top half of theBillboard 200.[17] Reprise records invested $100,000 in the single "Outta Mind (Outtasite)", but received little radio exposure.[1]: 125 [18] While on tour, Tweedy began to spend time reading books byWilliam H. Gass,Henry Miller, andJohn Fante. As he read their books, Tweedy decided to place more of an emphasis on writing.[1]: 136 Representatives in the A&R department of Reprise wanted a radio single fromSummerteeth, and Wilco reluctantly agreed to a re-working of "Can't Stand It". The single was a top five hit onadult album alternative radio stations, but failed to cross over to a larger audience.[1]: 162–167
Before the release ofSummerteeth, the daughter of the late folk legend Woody Guthrie contactedfolk rock singerBilly Bragg, who in turn contacted Tweedy about recording an album of unreleasedWoody Guthrie songs. Tweedy was indifferent to the idea of working with Bragg, but Jay Bennett's enthusiasm about the idea convinced Tweedy to get the band involved in the project. As a result of Tweedy's feelings on the political nature of some of the lyrics, Bragg recorded mostly political songs while Wilco recorded more neutral songs. Almost all of the songs that appeared onMermaid Avenue andMermaid Avenue Vol. II were recorded over a six-day period in December 1997.[1]: 142–145 The firstMermaid Avenue album and a second Golden Smog album (Weird Tales) were released in 1998,Summerteeth was released in early 1999, andMermaid Avenue Vol. II was released in 2000. Tweedy received his first Grammy nomination whenMermaid Avenue was nominated forGrammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 1999.[19]
Jeff Tweedy was invited to play at Chicago's Noise Pop festival, and was told that he could collaborate with a musician of his choosing. Tweedy choseJim O'Rourke based on his fascination with O'Rourke'sBad Timing album. O'Rourke offered to bring drummerGlenn Kotche to the festival, and the trio formed a side project namedLoose Fur. The other band members of Wilco had written a number of songs forYankee Hotel Foxtrot, but Tweedy was unsatisfied with them because he believed that the songs did not sound like the ones he played with Loose Fur. Tweedy became such a fan of Kotche's playing style that he decided to dismiss Ken Coomer from the band in favor of Kotche.[1]: 176–183, 188 Tweedy had strong feelings about how songs should be sequenced, which clashed with Jay Bennett's focus on the songs themselves. Because Bennett was mixing the album, this led to a series of arguments between songs about how the album should sound. Tweedy asked O'Rourke to remix several songs on the album that had been mixed by Bennett, which caused tensions within the band to escalate. The album was completed in June 2001, and Tweedy was insistent that it was in its final form.[1]: 197–200 [20] Tweedy also fired Bennett around this time, believing (according to Bennett) that Wilco should only have one core member.[20] The band maintains that the firing of Bennett was a collective decision.[21]
Reprise Records' parent companyTime Warner merged withAmerica Online in 2001, and the recording company was asked to cut costs.Howie Klein, the CEO of Reprise Records, considered Wilco to be one of the label's core bands, but was offered a lucrative buy-out by AOL Time Warner. Reprise did not consider the album commercially viable and was not interested in releasing the album. David Kahne (Head of A&R) agreed to release Wilco from Reprise under the condition that Wilco got to keep all legal entitlements to theYankee Hotel Foxtrot album.[1]: 201–207 [20] After an article in theChicago Tribune publicly described these managerial practices, CEO Gary Briggs quit.[1]: 208–209 Shortly after leaving the label, Briggs remarked:
It [dropping Wilco from the label] should never have happened. One of the most embarrassing moments in my career at Warner Brothers was the day they let Wilco go. It broke my heart, and it told me that I no longer have a home there.[1]: 208–209
Yankee Hotel Foxtrot was originally scheduled to be released on Reprise on September 11, 2001, prior to the band's departure from Reprise. Seven days later, Tweedy decided that he would stream the entirety ofYankee Hotel Foxtrot on Wilco's official website.[1]: 225 Over thirty record labels offered to releaseYankee Hotel Foxtrot after the departure from Reprise was official.[22] One of the thirty was Warner Brothers affiliateNonesuch Records, who signed Wilco in November 2001. AOL Time Warner paid Wilco to make the album on Reprise, gave them the record for free, and then bought it back on the Nonesuch label.[1]: 209–210 The album was released on April 23, 2002 to significant critical acclaim, including being named the best album of the year byThe Village Voice.[23][24] The album became the biggest hit of Jeff Tweedy's career and was certified gold by theRecording Industry Association of America for selling over 500,000 copies.[25]
Scott McCaughey contacted Tweedy about recording an album together for aThe Minus 5 release. They scheduled a meeting for September 11, 2001, but were reluctant to enter the recording studio after theterrorist attacks. At night, McCaughey and Tweedy decided to begin recording songs as a way to calm down. A few more tracks were later added to the album with the rest of Wilco, and it was released with the nameDown with Wilco in 2003.[1]: 220–222
In November 2003, Wilco began recording a fifth studio album. Unlike their previous albums, all of the songs were originally performed in the studio and then later adapted for playing at concerts. Wilco releasedA Ghost Is Born on June 22, 2004, and it attained a top ten peak on theBillboard 200.[26] The album was awarded with Grammy Awards forBest Alternative Music Album andBest Recording Package in 2005.[27] A few weeks before the album's release, Tweedy released a book of forty-three poems entitledAdult Head on Zoo Press.[28] The following year, the band released their first live album, a two-disc set entitledKicking Television: Live in Chicago, recorded atThe Vic Theater.[29]
Wilco recorded twelve tracks for a sixth studio album entitledSky Blue Sky, which was released on May 15, 2007.[30]Sky Blue Sky debuted at number four on theBillboard 200, the band's highest debut yet. It sold over 87,000 copies in its first week of release.[31]
In early May 2009, former Wilco memberJay Bennett sued Tweedy for breach of contract.[32] Bennett died later that month of an apparent accidental overdose of the painkillerfentanyl.[33] In June 2009 Wilco released their seventh studio albumWilco (The Album), followed byThe Whole Love in 2011,Star Wars in 2015,Schmilco in 2016,Ode to Joy in 2019,Cruel Country in May 2022, andCousin in 2023.
Jeff Tweedy has performed several solo tours, on which he typically plays acoustic music. He also recorded the song "Simple Twist of Fate" for the soundtrack toI'm Not There.[34] On October 24, 2006, Nonesuch Records releasedSunken Treasure: Live in the Pacific Northwest, a live DVD by Tweedy. The disc includes performances and conversations gathered over five nights on Tweedy's February 2006 solo acoustic tour, with footage from concerts at Seattle's Moore Theater, Portland'sCrystal Ballroom, Eugene's McDonald Theatre, Arcata's Humboldt State University, andThe Fillmore in San Francisco. The DVD was directed by Christoph Green andFugazi's Brendan Canty, the creators of the documentary seriesBurn to Shine.[35]
Tweedy has partnered withMavis Staples on three acclaimed albums. In 2010 they releasedYou Are Not Alone, in 2013,One True Vine, and in 2017If All I Was Was Black. Tweedy played an array of instruments on these albums and wrote many of the songs.[36]
Tweedy worked with the psychedelic-influenced garage rock groupWhite Denim on their recordCorsicana Lemonade, recording some songs at Wilco's Chicago studio The Loft.[37] In 2015 the albumStill byRichard Thompson was released. The album was produced by Tweedy in The Loft Studios and features Tweedy on guitar and backing vocals.[38]
Tweedy has appeared as a fictional singer-songwriter on 2014 episodes ofParks and Recreation andPortlandia.[39]
On June 4, 2014, it was announced that he had formed a new band calledTweedy with his son Spencer. The band's debut albumSukierae was released on September 16. The release was followed by a world tour in which half of the set consisted of new songs offSukierae performed by a touring band including Spencer. The latter half of the set Tweedy plays solo, typically performing Wilco and Uncle Tupelo classics.[40][41]
In June 2017 Jeff Tweedy released a solo acoustic album of eleven songs spanning his career fromWilco,Loose Fur, andGolden Smog titledTogether at Last.[42] In November 2018 Jeff Tweedy released a memoir titledLet's Go (So We Can Get Back) and his first solo album of new material, titledWarm.[43] A companion album toWarm titledWarmer was released on April 13, 2019, as aRecord Store Day exclusive.[44]
In 2020 during theCOVID-19 pandemic Susan Tweedy and her family created a recurring video series onInstagram dubbedThe Tweedy Show featuring Jeff and their sons performing original and cover songs.[45] During the shelter-in-place Jeff Tweedy also wrote and recorded his third solo album titledLove Is the King which was announced to release on October 23, 2020[46] and wrote his second book titledHow to Write One Song which was announced to release on October 13, 2020, on theE. P. Dutton publishing label.[47] His third book,World Within a Song, will be released in November 2023.[48]
Tweedy's musical style has varied over his music career. Tweedy's vocal style is considered nasal, emotional, and raspy, and has been compared to that ofNeil Young.[7][49] His first exposure to music was throughgramophone records that his siblings left behind when they attended college, and he particularly likedThe Beatles'White Album. Tweedy would frequently read issues of magazines such asRolling Stone, and began to purchasepunk rock albums such asThe Clash'sLondon Calling andX'sWild Gift. Belleville crowds did not respond well to punk music, so while Tweedy was a member of The Primitives they played covers ofcountry songs at much faster tempos.[1]: 13–19 When Uncle Tupelo formed, the band began composing its own songs influenced byJason & the Scorchers andThe Minutemen.[1] Wilco's first album shared many musical similarities with the four previous Uncle Tupelo albums, but onBeing There, Tweedy began introducing more experimental themes into his music. He claims that he wanted to rebel against the belief spread by theNo Depression magazine that Wilco was primarily a country band.[1]: 110–111 One of the most influential albums for Tweedy wasBad Timing by Jim O'Rourke, which helped to inspireYankee Hotel Foxtrot andA Ghost Is Born.[1]: 176–177 Tweedy uses a 1957 Gibson J-45 acoustic guitar, as well as a 1965 Fender Jazzmaster, at least three different Telecasters, an Epiphone Casino, a Rickenbacker 360, and a Gibson SG Standard. He has vintage SGs from '62 and '65 as well as a 2007 Custom Shop model and a 2008 Custom Shop Vintage Original Spec (V.O.S.) that are all rigged with Maestro tremolo bars.[50] He also has been known to use a Breedlove 000[51] and even designed a limited edition 000 for Breedlove in 2007.[52] His amplifier of choice is a Vox AC30.
Tweedy has been prone to havingmigraines throughout his life; he has missed as many as forty days of elementary school in one year with the condition.[1]: 50 [20] While he attempted to regulate the use of painkillers, he was never able to stop using them for more than five weeks. He attributes that to acomorbidity withmajor depressive disorder and severepanic attacks.[53] In 2004, he entered adual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescriptionpainkillerVicodin.[54][55][56] Tweedy quit smoking the next year;John Stirratt claimed afterward that significantly improved the focus of the band.[57][58]
Tweedy is married to former bookkeeper Sue Miller and lives in theIrving Park area of Chicago.[59] He first met Miller when he was trying to get Uncle Tupelo booked atCubby Bear, where Miller worked. Miller also worked in a club in Chicago namedLounge Ax in 1989, and bookedUncle Tupelo for 16 shows over four years. They began dating in 1991 and were married on August 9, 1995.[1]: 53, 96 She was diagnosed with cancer in 2014. During a 2015 interview withRolling Stone, Tweedy said "she's doing great now."
Tweedy also said that music is a healthy distraction in such difficult times.[60] They have two sons:Spencer and Sam. Spencer was the drummer for pre-teen rock band The Blisters and a new band called Tully Monster.[61] In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage atMadison Square Garden to play drums on their song "The Late Greats," while opening forNeil Young.[62] Tweedy hasconverted to Judaism.[63] His wife isJewish; their sons both hadBar Mitzvah ceremonies.[64] During the ceremony for his older son, Tweedy played an acoustic version ofBob Dylan's "Forever Young".[65]
In November 2019 Tweedy's home in Irving Park was shot at least seven times in an attack described by his son as "not targeted".[59] No injuries were reported.
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