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Jeff Kennett

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Australian politician (born 1948)

Jeff Kennett
Kennett in 2008
43rdPremier of Victoria
In office
6 October 1992 – 20 October 1999
MonarchElizabeth II
GovernorRichard McGarvie
Sir James Gobbo
DeputyPat McNamara
Preceded byJoan Kirner
Succeeded bySteve Bracks
Leader of the Opposition of Victoria
In office
20 October 1999 – 26 October 1999
Preceded bySteve Bracks
Succeeded byDenis Napthine
In office
23 April 1991 – 6 October 1992
Preceded byAlan Brown
Succeeded byJoan Kirner
In office
5 November 1982 – 23 May 1989
Preceded byLindsay Thompson
Succeeded byAlan Brown
Leader of theVictorian Liberal Party
In office
26 October 1982 – 23 May 1989
Preceded byLindsay Thompson
Succeeded byAlan Brown
In office
23 April 1991 – 26 October 1999
Preceded byAlan Brown
Succeeded byDenis Napthine
Member of theVictorian Parliament
forBurwood
In office
20 March 1976 – 2 November 1999
Preceded byConstituency re-established
Succeeded byBob Stensholt
Personal details
BornJeffrey Gibb Kennett
(1948-03-02)2 March 1948 (age 77)
Melbourne,Victoria, Australia
Political partyLiberal
SpouseFelicity Kellar (m. 1972)
ProfessionMedia commentator, former politician
Signature
This article is part of
a series about
Jeff Kennett

Member of the Legislative Assembly forBurwood
(1976–1999)
Premier of Victoria
1992–1999

Elections

2005–2011, 2018–2021

Victoria State Government

Jeffrey Gibb Kennett (born 2 March 1948) is an Australian former politician who served as the 43rdPremier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999, Leader of theVictorian Liberal Party from 1982 to 1989 and from 1991 to 1999, and the Member forBurwood from 1976 to 1999.[1] He is currently a media commentator.

Kennett was previously the president of theHawthorn Football Club, from 2005 to 2011 and again from 2017 to 2022. He is the founding Chairman ofbeyondblue, a national mental health advocacy organisation.[2][3]

Early life

[edit]

The son of Kenneth Munro Gibb Kennett (1921–2007), and Wendy Anne Kennett (1925–2006; née Fanning),[4] he was born inMelbourne on 2 March 1948.[5] He attendedScotch College;[6] and, although an unexceptional student academically, he did well in the school's Cadet Corps Unit. He also played football (on the wing) for the school.[7] His failure to rise above the middle band academically almost led him to quit school in Fourth Form (Year 10 – 1963), but he was persuaded to stay on. His Fifth and Sixth Forms were an improvement, but he was still described in school reports as "[a] confident and at times helpful boy. Sometimes irritates. Sometimes works hard" (1964), and "[a] keen, pleasant, though sometimes erratic boy" (1965).[8]

After leaving school, Kennett was persuaded by his father Ken to attend theAustralian National University inCanberra, but lost interest and left after one year of an economics degree. He returned toMelbourne and found work in the advertising department of the retail giantMyer – kindling an interest for advertising that would one day earn him his living.[9]

Kennett's life in the regular workforce was cut short when, in 1968, he wasconscripted into theAustralian Army.[10] Kennett was selected for officer training and graduated third in his class from theOfficer Training Unit, Scheyville (OTU), nearWindsor, New South Wales, outsideSydney. He was posted toMalaysia andSingapore as Second Lieutenant, commander of 1st Platoon, A Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR).[11] This military career (and his earlier experience in the Scotch College Cadet Corps) has been noted by many biographers as an essential formative influence on the adult Kennett's character. His sense and regard for hierarchical loyalty, punctuality, and general intolerance of dissent or disobedience may be traced to this period.[12]

Kennett returned to civilian life in 1970, reentering a divided Australian society, split by theVietnam War, of which Kennett was a firm supporter. Having returned to Myer, Kennett became impatient with his work, and so with Ian Fegan and Eran Nicols, he formed his own advertising company (KNF) in June 1971.[13]

Thereafter, in December 1972, Kennett married Felicity Kellar, an old friend whom he had first met on a Number 69 tram on the long trips to school.[14] Their first son was born in 1974, followed by a daughter and two more sons.

Political career

[edit]

Kennett was elected as aLiberal Member of theVictorian Legislative Assembly (MLA) forBurwood in 1976, having had an interest in local politics since the early 1970s.[15] Hispreselection for the seat reportedly irritated thenPremierDick Hamer, who disliked Kennett's campaigning style, and had endorsed the sitting member,Haddon Storey.[15] However, by 1981, Kennett was promoted to Cabinet asMinister for Housing andMinister of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs.[16] He was one of several younger MPs whom Hamer promoted to Cabinet in a bid to renew his government. Kennett retained his post when Hamer was replaced as Liberal leader and Premier byLindsay Thompson in June of that year.[15] Following the defeat of the longstanding Liberal government in 1982, Kennett was the leading candidate to replace Thompson despite being the youngest member of the outgoing government. On 26 October, he was elected leader of the Liberal Party and hence Leader of the Opposition. He took an aggressive posture against theCain government, and was often criticised for his "bull-in-a-china-shop" style and his anti-government rhetoric.[17]

Under his leadership, the Liberals were heavily defeated by Labor in1985. Afterwards he faced a challenge to his leadership of the party fromIan Smith. Kennett survived, but increasingly, he was seen as an erratic and unapproachable leader[citation needed]. He faced two more challenges to his leadership in 1986 and 1987.[18] In 1987, in one notable incident Kennett referred to the Federal Liberal leaderJohn Howard as a 'cunt' in a mobile telephone conversation with Howard rivalAndrew Peacock.[19] The car-phone conversation damaged both Howard and Kennett politically,[20] but aided Peacock in his push to return as Federal Liberal leader (1989).[21]

Toward the end of its second term the Cain government had lost support and the Liberals were expected to win the1988 election. The Liberal vote indeed rebounded strongly – they won a majority of the two-party vote – however much of this margin was wasted on landslide majorities in their heartland. As a result, the Liberals took only one seat from Labor in the capital, and were left four seats short of a majority. Failing to become premier, Kennett was again criticised within his own party, and in 1989 he was deposed in favour of a little-known rural MLA,Alan Brown.

Kennett's performance during his first stint as Liberal leader is a matter of debate.Economou sees his 1985 and 1988 election campaigns as weak,[18] while Parkinson believes he was a significant asset in pushing theLabor government ofJohn Cain in several key seats.

First term as premier

[edit]

Kennett publicly pledged never to attempt a return to the Liberal leadership. However, when Brown proved unable to challenge the government effectively, he allowed his supporters to call a spill in 1991. Brown realised he didn't have enough support to keep his post and resigned, allowing Kennett to retake the leadership unopposed.

With Victoria facing billions of dollars of debt, Kennett was seen as "Premier-in-waiting" from the moment he retook the leadership. Cain had resigned a year earlier in favour of Deputy PremierJoan Kirner, who was unable to regain the upper hand despite being personally more popular than Kennett. The Liberals' advantage was strengthened by an important decision taken during Brown's brief tenure as leader—negotiating aCoalition agreement with theNational Party. The Liberals and Nationals have historically had a strained relationship in Victoria; they had sat separately for most of the second half of the 20th century. It had been believed that Kennett had been denied victory in 1988 due to a large number of three-cornered contests in rural seats.

The Coalition went into theOctober 1992 state election as unbackable favourites, having been ahead in opinion polling by large margins for almost two years. They stoked the voters' anger with a series of "Guilty Party" ads, targeting many Labor ministers and highlighting concerns in their portfolios. In the second-largest defeat that a sitting government has ever suffered in Victoria, the Coalition scored a 19-seat swing, attaining a 16-seat majority in the Legislative Assembly. The Liberals won 52 seats, enough for a majority in their own right. Nevertheless, Kennett supported his coalition partner, retaining the Nationals in his cabinet.

State school closures

[edit]

In the first three years of office, funding for public schools and the Department of Education was substantially reduced. 350 government schools were closed, including every Technical High School ("Tech") in Victoria, and 7,000 teaching jobs eliminated.[22] The Tech School closures had a widespread, delayed effect two decades later when a skilled labour shortage in the state was declared by the government, attributable largely to the generation of children who were denied a trade-focused high school education, significantly reducing the number of school leavers commencing trade apprenticeships. The few who did so were insufficient to counterbalance the number of retiring tradespeople in the coming years. This directly resulted in the number of Skilled Migrant (subclass 190) visas being made available each year increasing to 190,000 from 2012[23] and an active campaign to entice migrants with trade qualifications to Victoria.

Public transport

[edit]

Other controversial moves included the sacking of 16,000 public transport workers in a major technological upgrade of the system, and the initiation of a major scheme for privatisation of state-owned services, including the electricity (SECV) and gas (Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria) utilities, the ambulance service, as well as several prisons and other minor services. The sale of theTotalisator Agency Board raised $609 million. Between 1995 and 1998, $29 billion of state assets in gas and electricity alone were sold to private enterprise (for statistics, see Parkinson,Jeff, 1999).[24]In the wake of these changes, investment and population growth slowly resumed, thoughunemployment was to remain above the national average for the duration of Kennett's premiership. While the benefits to the State budget figures were indisputable in the short term, the social and longer-term economic cost of the Kennett reforms have been questioned by many commentators, academics and those who suffered economically through the period of reform.[25][26][27][28] This campaign of privatisations and cutbacks led to governmental acts of privatisation by splitting up Melbourne's rail (Hillside,Bayside,V/Line andWest Coast Rail) and tramways (Yarra andSwanston) or budget-cutting becoming popularly known as being "Jeffed".[29][30] He also cut back many regional rail services includingThe Vinelander (ran toMildura, services later restored toMaryborough as a regular V/Line service in 2011) and services toLeongatha,Bairnsdale (returned in 2003),Dimboola (services later returned toArarat in 2004).

The largest publicprotest in Melbourne since theVietnam War Moratorium occurred on 10 November 1992, with an estimated 100,000 people marching in opposition to the retrenchment of many workers and the large State budget cutbacks. Kennett was undeterred by this protest, and famously commented that though there were 100,000 outside his office at Parliament that day, there were 4.5 million who stayed at home or at work.[31][32]

High-profile capital works projects

[edit]

The Kennett government also embarked on a series of high-profile capital works projects, such as the restoration ofParliament House, construction of a new $250 millionMelbourne Museum and IMAX theatre, and a new $130 millionMelbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre (which became known colloquially as "Jeff's Shed"). Other projects included a $160 million expansion of theNational Gallery of Victoria; $100 million for refurbishment of the State Library of Victoria; $65 million for a newMelbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (MSAC); and $130 million for the construction of a new civic square on the site of the oldGas and Fuel Buildings, to be known asFederation Square.

The relocation of theFormula 1 Grand Prix fromAdelaide in 1993 was a particular coup for Kennett, who had worked hard with his friendRon Walker, the Chairman of the Melbourne Major Events Company, helped deliver Melbourne the hosting rights for the event from Adelaide in 1993.[33]

The most controversial project of the Kennett era was the $1.85 billionCrown Casino and Entertainment Complex, a gambling and entertainment centre on Melbourne'sSouthbank. Initial plans for a casino had been made under the Labor government, however the tendering process and construction occurred under Kennett.

A$2 billion project to redevelop Melbourne's derelictDocklands area to include anew football stadium was also undertaken, in addition to the largeCityLink project, a project resurrected from the1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, aimed at linking Melbourne's freeways, easing traffic problems in the inner city, and reducing commuting times from the outer suburbs to the CBD.[34]

Macedonian name dispute

[edit]
Kennett speaking at an event

In the mid-1990s, Premier Kennett backed the Greek position over theMacedonian question[35] in his attempts to shore up local electoral support.[36] Kennett's stance gained him supporters from the MelburnianGreek community, whereas he was referred to as "Kennettopoulos" by theMacedonian community.[35]

At Kennett's insistence, his state government in 1994 issued its own directive that all its departments refer to the language as "Macedonian (Slavonic)" and toMacedonians as "Slav Macedonians".[37][38] Reasons given for the decision were "to avoid confusion", be consistent with federal naming protocols toward Macedonians and repair relations between Macedonian and Greek communities.[37][39] It was accepted that it would not impact the way Macedonians self identified themselves.[37] The decision upset Macedonians, as they had to use the terms in deliberations with the government or its institutions related to education and public broadcasting.[40] The Macedonian Community challenged the decision on the basis of theRace Discrimination Act.[41] After years of litigation at the AustralianHuman Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC), theFederal Court andHigh Court, previous judicial rulings were upheld that found Kennett's directive unlawful as it caused discrimination based on ethnic background and was struck down from usage in 2000.[41]

Second term as premier

[edit]

Kennett's personal popularity was mostly average to high through his first term, though that of the government as a whole went through peaks and troughs. Without aby-election in the previous four years, the1996 state election shaped up as the first test of the 'Kennett Revolution' with the electorate. The Coalition was expected to win a second term at the 30 March election, albeit with a somewhat reduced majority. At thefederal election held four weeks earlier, while Labor was heavily defeated, it actually picked up a swing in Victoria.

However, to the surprise of most commentators, the Coalition only suffered a two-seat swing, allowing it to retain a comfortable 14-seat majority. The Coalition actually picked up modest swings in Melbourne's outer suburbs, which have traditionally decided most state elections. Several negative trends (for the Liberals) were obscured somewhat by the euphoria of victory. The government's sharp cuts to government services were particularly resented in country Victoria, where the Liberals and Nationals held almost all the seats. The loss of theMildura seat to independentRussell Savage was an indication of this disaffection, and when in February 1997 independentSusan Davies was elected to the seat ofGippsland West, this trend seemed set to continue.

However, the verdict of many was that the 'Kennett Revolution' was far from over – indeed it was seemingly set in stone with the opening of theCrown Casino in May 1997. Kennett's profile continued to grow as he became a major commentator on national issues, including urging the new government ofJohn Howard to introduce tax reform, and actively opposing the rise of theOne Nation Party ofPauline Hanson. In this last case, Kennett did not shy away from criticising the media, but also the decision of the Howard government to not actively oppose Hanson's agenda.[42]

Kennett was influential inMelbourne bidding for the2006 Commonwealth Games. Three cities initially expressed interest in hosting the event; Melbourne,Wellington andSingapore.Singapore dropped out before its bid was officially selected by theCommonwealth Games Federation, leaving only two candidate cities. In the weeks prior to the announcement of the 2006 host,Wellington withdrew its bid, citing the costs involved with matching the bid plan presented by Melbourne, which became the default host without members of the Federation going to vote.[43]

The government lost ground over the next few years, with high-profile disagreements with theDirector of Public ProsecutionsBernard Bongiorno, andAuditor-GeneralChes Baragwanath fuelling criticism of Kennett's governmental style. Kennett's perceived antipathy to Baragwanath led to 1997 legislation to restructure the office of the Auditor-General and set up Audit Victoria. While Kennett promised the independence of the office would be maintained, many saw his government's actions as an attempt to curb the Auditor-General's power to criticise government policy.[44] Widespread community debate and substantial public dissent from Liberal MPs and Party members ensued, with MLA Roger Pescott resigning from Parliament at the height of the debate; citing his disagreement with this Bill and Kennett's style in general. The Liberal Party lost the by-election in Mitcham.

Further scandals involving the handling of contracts for the state emergency services response system damaged the credibility of Kennett in 1997–1998, while rural dissent continued to grow.

Personal difficulties also began to affect Kennett and his family. The strains of public life led to a trial separation between Felicity and Jeff in early 1998 (patched up by the end of the year), while earlier in Kennett's first term, public scrutiny had led to the forced sale of the KNF Advertising Company, despite all Kennett's involvement having been transferred to his wife's name. There were rumors in 1998 that Kennett might retire from politics; these were mostly centred aroundPhil Gude, his party deputy. These eventually came to nothing.

In July 1998, Liberal MPPeter McLellan, Member for Frankston East, resigned from the party in protest over alleged corrupt Liberal PartySenate preselection, changes to WorkCover and the auditor-general's office. Again, Kennett failed to pick up the warning signs of declining support for his style of leadership.

Labor leaderJohn Brumby took care to capitalize on each of Kennett's mistakes over this period, though his absences in rural electorates were misunderstood by many Labor MPs, and led to his replacement bySteve Bracks in early 1999. Bracks, who came fromBallarat, was popular in rural areas and was seen as a fresh alternative to Brumby, who nevertheless remained a key figure in theshadow Cabinet.

1999 election loss

[edit]

Despite Bracks' appeal, Kennett entered the1999 election campaign with a seemingly unassailable lead, and most commentators and opinion polls agreed that the Coalition would win a third term.

However, in a shock result, the Coalition suffered a 13-seat swing to Labor. While there was only a modest swing in eastern Melbourne, which has historically decided elections in Victoria, the Coalition suffered significant losses in regional centres such asBallarat andBendigo. ABC elections analystAntony Green later said that when he first saw the results coming in, it looked so unusual that he thought "something was wrong with the computer."[45]

Initial counting showed Labor on 41 seats and the Coalition on 43; a supplementary election had to be held inFrankston East following the death of sitting independentPeter McLellan. The balance of power rested with three independents--Russell Savage,Susan Davies and newly electedCraig Ingram. Negotiations began between the Coalition and the three independents. While Kennett acceded to all but two of their demands, his perceived poor treatment of Savage and Davies in the previous parliament meant that they would not even consider supporting a Coalitionminority government headed by Kennett. On 18 October, two days after Labor won the supplementary election in Frankston East, the independents announced they would support a Labor minority government. The agreement entailed Labor signing a Charter of Good Government, pledging to restore services to rural areas, and promising parliamentary reforms.

Kennett's supporters urged the Coalition to force a vote of 'no confidence' on the floor of the parliament in a last-ditch effort to force Savage, Davies and Ingram to support Kennett. However, with the Liberals divided on Kennett's future role, Kennett retired from all of his offices, saying he wished to have no further involvement in politics. Labor won the ensuing by-election in Burwood.

Rumoured returns to politics

[edit]
Kennett in 2023

Following the Liberals' second successive defeat in the2002 election, rumours began that Kennett was planning a comeback to politics. The issue came to a head in May 2006 after the sudden resignation of Kennett's successor,Robert Doyle, when Kennett announced he would contemplate standing in a by-election for Doyle's old seat ofMalvern and offering himself as party leader. His stance was supported by Prime MinisterJohn Howard, who rated him as the party's best hope to win theNovember 2006 state election. But within 24 hours Kennett announced he would not return to Parliament rather than running againstTed Baillieu, whom Kennett had been grooming for the top post since 1999.[46][47] John Howard was reported to have been "embarrassed" by having publicly supported Kennett before his decision not to re-enter politics.[48]

In 2008, it was rumoured that Kennett was planning to stand for Lord Mayor of Melbourne. Despite endorsing future Lord MayorJohn So in the 2001 mayoral elections, Kennett was quoted as saying "I think the city is ready for a change". Kennett claimed he had been approached by "a range of interests" to run for the position, but in the end did not do so.[49] Former Liberal leader Robert Doyle ultimately won the election.

2020: Indigenous voice to government

[edit]

On 15 January 2020, it was announced that Kennett would be one of the members of the National Co-design Group of theIndigenous voice to government.[50]

Life after politics

[edit]
Kennett at the2018 VFL Grand Final

In 2000, Kennett became the inaugural chairman ofbeyondblue (the National Depression Initiative), a body that was largely formed by the efforts of the Victorian State Government. On 24 June 2008, he announced that he would be stepping down from his role at beyondblue at the end of 2010.[51] This did not happen.[52] After 17 years as the chair of beyondblue, he stood down in 2017, handing the reins to former PM Julia Gillard. He stated "beyondblue is part of my DNA, outside my family, it has been my most important role.[53]

Kennett has previously served on the boards of Australian Seniors Finance,[54] a reverse mortgage company, and SelecTV, which was asatellite television group.

Kennett has said in an interview that he rarely thinks about the media or "bloody history", though he regrets the "disastrous" introduction of theMetcard ticketing system for trains and trams.[55]

Kennett angered gay rights groups in July 2008 when he supported the Bonnie Doon Football Club in their sacking of trainer Ken Campagnolo for being bisexual; and comparedhomosexuality topedophilia.[56] Anti-discrimination campaigner Gary Burns pursued an action in the NSW Administrative Decisions Tribunal against Kennett for making the following statement:

"The club felt that once this had been pointed out and you had this gentleman there who was obviously close to young men – massaging young men – it ran an unnecessary risk, and that's why it decided it was best that he not perform those duties again. So the club was trying to do the right thing,"[57]

The case was dropped due to Gary Burns' lack of funds to pursue the case.[57]

Hawthorn FC presidency

[edit]

On 14 December 2005, Kennett was made president ofHawthorn Football Club, taking over fromIan Dicker.[58]

Following the exit of the St Kilda Football Club from the Tasmanian AFL market in 2006, Kennett was president when the Hawthorn Football Club negotiated a five-year sponsorship deal with the Tasmanian state government. The sponsorship deal was worth an estimated $12 million for which the Tasmanian government bought naming rights to the club's guernsey, and the HFC committed to playing an agreed number of pre-season and four regular season "home games" atYork Park.[59]

Kennett was instrumental in Hawthorn's 2007 5-year business plan titled "five2fifty", the core idea being that in the nextfive years the club will target to win2 premierships and havefifty thousand members. As part of the plan, the football club wants to be seen as the most professional club in the AFL, and places great emphasis on the welfare of the people associated with the club.[60]

Following Hawthorn's2008 AFL Grand Final victory overGeelong, Kennett claimed that the Cats "lacked the mentality to defeat Hawthorn", this being in reference to the Cats' inability to counter-attack the running game of the Hawks in the aforementioned Grand Final.[61] Kennett's comments led to the subsequent eleven-match losing streak for Hawthorn against Geelong becoming known as the "Kennett curse".

He stepped down at the end of his second three-year term in 2011, he also changed the club's constitution so that presidents could only serve two 3-year terms.

Second stint

[edit]

In whatFox Footy described as a "stunning return",[62] Kennett was announced as the president of the Hawthorn Football Club on 4 October 2017 following the sudden resignation of the incumbent president Richard Garvey.[63][64] Garvey had taken criticism on the hiring and later sacking of club CEO Tracey Gaudry. Kennett subsequently appointed Justin Reeves as the club's new CEO.

On 4 October 2017 he announced that he would serve the position for a full 3-year term.

Soon after his re-appointment, Kennett and the club released a vision statement outlining the future of the club up to 2050. The first five-year strategic plan titled 'Dare to be Different' will drive the club's priorities from 2018 to 2022.

Kennett said:

"Hawthorn we aren't ones to sit back and wait, we work hard to achieve and deliver exciting results, on and off the field. Our vision for our strategic plan, "Dare to be Different", encapsulates this as we continue to strive for excellence. "We have set ourselves some ambitious targets but all are within our grasp if we continue to innovate, grow and forge new frontiers within the AFL industry."[65]

On 6 July 2021, Kennett and the Hawthorn board announced that they would not be renewing head coachAlastair Clarkson's contract following its expiry at the conclusion of the 2022 AFL Premiership season. It was announced thatBox Hill Hawks and Hawthorn development coach, former playerSam Mitchell had been chosen by Kennett and the board to become the Hawthorn coach at the end of Clarkson's reign.[66]

Chairman of The Original Juice Company

[edit]

On 12 December 2022, The Original Juice Company announced that it would appoint Kennett as Chairman and Non-Executive Director.[67]

Honours

[edit]

In theAustralia Day Honours of 2005, Kennett received Australia's then highest civilian honour, when he was made aCompanion of the Order of Australia (AC). The honour was for "service to the Victorian Parliament and the introduction of initiatives for economic and social benefit, to business and commerce, and to the community in the development of the arts, sport and mental health awareness strategies."[68]

In May 2000, he was also awarded an honorary doctorate – DBus (Honoris Causa) – by theUniversity of Ballarat.[69]

Media work

[edit]

For a brief period during 2002, Kennett was a radio presenter for Melbourne station3AK, continuing an interest in mass communication which was also a feature of his premiership.

Since 2010, Kennett has been a regular contributor toNeil Mitchell's3AW radio program every Thursday, as a social commentator.[70]

On 28 March 2013 it was announced that Kennett had joined theSeven television network as national political commentator which will involve him appearing on breakfast showSunrise every Tuesday and on Seven news as required.[71]

On 12 February 2017 Jeff Kennett engaged ex-Seven West Media employee on Twitter over leaked documents potentially breaching the company's own gag order on Amber Harrison.[72][73]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Kennett,The Hon. Jeff (2017).Dog Lovers' Poems: The perfect gift book or read for the Dog Lover (2nd ed.). WILKINSON PUBLISHING.ISBN 978-1-925642-15-5.

Forewords

[edit]
  • Kennett, The Hon. Jeff (2009). Foreword.Taking Care of Yourself And Your Family. By Ashfield, John (10th ed.). Peacock Publications.ISBN 9781921601347.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Jeffrey Gibb Kennett".Parliament of Victoria. Victorian Government.Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved7 September 2023.
  2. ^"beyondblue".Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved15 March 2014.
  3. ^"Jeff Kennett".Charles Darwin University. Retrieved7 August 2025.
  4. ^Four Weddings at School Chapel: Kennett—Fanning,The Argus, (Thursday, 3 April 1947), p.6Archived 21 January 2018 at theWayback Machine;Weddings Celebrated,The Age, (Thursday, 3 April 1947), p.5.Archived 21 January 2018 at theWayback Machine
  5. ^"Births: Kennett,The Argus, (Wednesday, 3 march 1948), p.2".Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved21 January 2018.
  6. ^Nick Economou, 'Jeff Kennett: The Larrikin Metropolitan', in Paul Strangio and Brian Costar (eds),The Victorian Premiers: 1856–2006, Annandale: Federation Press, 2006, p.365.
  7. ^Crawford, S., "Jeff Kennett has a few kicks before the siren",The Sunday Herald Sun, 4 September 2011.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^Tony Parkinson,Jeff: The Rise and Fall of a Political Phenomenon, Ringwood: Penguin, 2000, p.19.
  9. ^Parkinson,Jef, pp.22–23.
  10. ^Parkinson,Jef, p.24.
  11. ^Parkinson,Jeff, pp.25, 29.
  12. ^Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', pp.365–366.
  13. ^Parkinson,Jeff, p.36.
  14. ^Neales, S., "Jeff's Friend Flicka",The Good Weekend, 2 November 1996, pp.30–33.
  15. ^abcEconomou, 'Jeff Kennett', p.366.
  16. ^"Jeffrey Gibb Kennett - Parliament of Victoria".www.parliament.vic.gov.au. Retrieved7 August 2025.
  17. ^Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', pp.367 & Cartoon 10 between pp.146–147.
  18. ^abEconomou, 'Jeff Kennett', p.368.
  19. ^australianpolitics.com (1995–2006)
  20. ^'Why Peacock was axed'Sydney Morning Herald 24 March 1987 p. 1
  21. ^Kennett-Peacock Car Phone ConversationArchived 12 December 2004 at theWayback Machine. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
  22. ^STRUGGLE FOR A NEW PUBLIC DEMOCRACY School, Community and the StateArchived 17 September 2013 at theWayback Machine, by Tony Knight. Northland Secondary College era 1992 – 1996.
  23. ^"Australia's Visa Subclass 190 (State Nominated) – Explained!". 20 July 2019.Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved23 November 2022.
  24. ^http://www.dtf.vic.au/CA25713E0002EF43/WebObj/BP4Final/$File/BPFinal.pdf[permanent dead link]
  25. ^"Carbon price v privatisation – which is worse in the Latrobe?". 3 July 2012.Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved24 June 2016.
  26. ^"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS: Privatisation has failed to deliver cheaper electricity". Archived fromthe original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved26 September 2012.
  27. ^"Billion Nightmare".The Age. Melbourne.Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved26 September 2012.
  28. ^"On track for more of the same".The Age. Melbourne.Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved26 September 2012.
  29. ^"Hansard of the Legislative Assembly for the ACT". Archived fromthe original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved7 January 2014.
  30. ^"Hansard of the Legislative Assembly for the ACT". Archived fromthe original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved7 January 2014.
  31. ^"The Mayne Report – The first days of Jeff Kennett".Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved15 February 2013.
  32. ^"Former Labor leader Steve Bracks says the Jeff Kennett era was a dangerous time".Herald Sun. 5 October 2012. Archived fromthe original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved15 February 2013.
  33. ^Grand prix got Victoria on the move again: KennettArchived 22 March 2010 at theWayback Machine, By Jason Dowling, 20 March 2010, The Age
  34. ^"Jeff Kennett, b. 1948".National Portrait Gallery people. Retrieved7 August 2025.
  35. ^abDanforth, Loring M. (1997).The Macedonian conflict: Ethnic nationalism in a transnational world. Princeton University Press. p. 172.ISBN 9780691043562.
  36. ^Jakubowicz, Andrew (26 June 1995).The State, Multiculturalism and Ethnic Leadership in Australia(PDF). Joint Seminar – Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Australian Studies Centre, and the Centre for Multicultural Education. University of London. p. 3.Archived(PDF) from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved7 July 2022.
  37. ^abcClyne & Kipp 2006, p. 27.
  38. ^Mulheron 2020, p. 294.
  39. ^Mulheron, Rachael (2020).Class Actions and Government. Cambridge University Press. pp. 293–294.ISBN 9781107043978.Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved19 March 2023.
  40. ^Clyne & Kipp 2006, p. 28.
  41. ^abClyne, Michael G.; Kipp, Sandra (2006).Tiles in a Multilingual Mosaic: Macedonian, Filipino and Somali in Melbourne(PDF). Pacific Linguistics. p. 29.ISBN 9780858835696.Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved7 July 2022.
  42. ^George Megalogenis,The Longest Decade, Carlton North: Scribe, 2006, pp.212–213.
  43. ^Official Newsletter Volume 2, No 1Archived 16 February 2011 at theWayback Machine May 1999, Commonwealth Games Australia
  44. ^John Waugh, 'The Kennett Government and the Constitution: No Change?', in Brian Costar & Nicholas Edonomou,The Kennett Revolution: Victorian Politics in the 1990s, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1999, pp.59, 61.
  45. ^Comment byAntony Green at pollbludger ([1]Archived 9 May 2014 at theWayback Machine, 8 May 2006, accessed 2 February 2010.
  46. ^Harrison, Dan (5 May 2006)."Kennett calls it quits".The Age. Melbourne.Archived from the original on 8 July 2009. Retrieved5 May 2006.
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  49. ^Ferguson, John (24 July 2008)."Mayor race: Eddie McGuire says no, but Jeff Kennett might say yes".Herald Sun. Archived fromthe original on 25 July 2008.
  50. ^"National Co-design Group".Indigenous Voice. Archived fromthe original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved18 July 2020.
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External links

[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related toJeff Kennett.

Publications

[edit]
  • Kennett, Jeff.Policies and principles for Victoria, Melbourne: Sir Robert Menzies Lecture Trust, Monash University, 1993.
  • Kennett, Jeff.Victoria's Commonsense Revolution, Melbourne: Alfred Deakin Lecture Trust, 1995.
  • Kennett, Jeff.Australia – defining a model for the new millennium, London: University of London, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, 1998.
  • Kennett, Jeff.Kennett: Insights & Reflections, Melbourne: Wilkinson Publishing, 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Aldford, John & O'Neill, Deirdre (eds),Contract State: public management and the Kennett government, Geelong: Centre for Applied Research, 1994. 192 pages.ISBN 0-7300-2111-4
  • Costar, Brian & Economou, Nick (eds),The Kennett revolution : Victorian politics in the 1990s, Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999. 274 pages.ISBN 0-86840-545-0
  • Donovan, Barry (2000).Steve Bracks and Jeff Kennett: My part in their rise and fall, Melbourne: Information Australia. 224 pages.ISBN 1-86350-304-8
  • Parkinson, Tony (2000).Jeff: The Rise and Fall of a Political Phenomenon, Penguin: Melbourne. 471 pages.ISBN 0-670-88778-1
  • Strangio, Paul & Costar, Brian (eds) (2006).The Victorian Premiers: 1856–2006, Annandale: Federation Press.ISBN 1-86287-601-0
Victorian Legislative Assembly
Preceded by
New electorate
Member forBurwood
1976–1999
Succeeded by
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Preceded byPremier of Victoria
1992–1999
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of theLiberal Party inVictoria
1982–1989
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Preceded by Leader of theLiberal Party inVictoria
1991–1999
Succeeded by
Sporting positions
Preceded by President of theHawthorn Football Club
2005–2011
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of theHawthorn Football Club
2017–2022
Succeeded by
Incumbent
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