Jean Moréas | |
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| Native name | Ioannis A. Papadiamantopoulos |
| Born | April 15, 1856 Athens, Greece |
| Died | March 31, 1910 (aged 53) Paris, France |
| Occupation | Poet,essayist,art critic |
| Language | French |
| Nationality | Greek |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Relatives | Ioannis Papadiamantopoulos (grandfather),Ioannis Papadiamantopoulos (great uncle) |
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Jean Moréas (French:[ʒɑ̃mɔʁeɑs,-as]; bornIoannis A. Papadiamantopoulos, Ιωάννης Α. Παπαδιαμαντόπουλος; 15 April 1856 – 31 March 1910[1]) was aGreek poet, essayist, andart critic,[2] who wrote mostly in theFrench language but also inGreek during his youth.[3]
Moréas was born into a distinguishedAthenian family on April 15, 1856.[1] His ancestors included two well-known men of theGreek War of Independence, namely his paternal grandfather and namesakeIoannis Papadiamantopoulos, born inCorinth but of ultimatelyEpirote ancestry[4] (he was executed after the fall ofMissolonghi),[5] and his maternal great uncleIakovos Tombazis (c. 1782–1829),[6] fromHydra, who became one of the first admirals of the Greek navy.[7] Moreas's father was Adamantios Papadiamantopoulos fromPatras; a judge, scholar, and poet.[8]
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Moreas received a French education, and went toParis in 1875 to study law at theUniversity of Paris. While in France, he began associating with literary circles, and became acquainted withLes Hydropathes, a group of French writers that includedAlphonse Allais,Charles Cros,Guy de Maupassant, andLéon Bloy. He was also an acquaintance of the Greek artistDemetrios Galanis and theRomanian poetIon Minulescu.
Moréas died inParis, France, on March 31, 1910.[1]
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Moréas published poetry in his publicationsLutèce andLe Chat noir, and collected his poems into two editions,Les Syrtes ("The Sandbanks") andCantilènes, which were strongly influenced byPaul Verlaine.
He was initially a practitioner of the style ofSymbolism, and wrote theSymbolist Manifesto (1886), which he published in the newspaperLe Figaro, partly to redeem the reputation of the new generation of young writers from the charge of "decadence" that the press had implied. He was considered one of the most important Symbolist poets until the early 1890s.
In 1891, as Symbolism became more openly associated withanarchism and as theFrench culture of theBelle Époque became increasingly dominated byrevanchism andanti-German sentiment, Moréas publishedLe Pèlerin passionné which rejectedNorthern European andGermanic influences, such asRomanticism (as well as some aspects of Symbolism), in favor of solelyClassical,Ancient Roman andAncient Greek, influences. This work helped initiate theÉcole Romane, the aesthetic of which providedCharles Maurras with the ideology necessary for thefar-right philosophyAction Française.
Moréas also wroteLes Demoiselles Goubert, anovel, in association withPaul Adam. His most important publications were:
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