Mohammad Javad Zarif (Persian pronunciation:[mohæmːædd͡ʒæˌvɒːdezæˌɾiːf]; born 8 January 1960) is an Iraniancareer diplomat[4] and academic. He served as the vice president for strategic affairs from August 2024 to March 2025.[5][6][7] He was theforeign minister of Iran from 2013 until 2021 in the government ofHassan Rouhani.
During his tenure as foreign minister, Zarif led the Iranian negotiation withP5+1 countries which produced theJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action on 14 July 2015,[8] lifting the economicsanctions against Iran on 16 January 2016.[9] Zarif resigned from his post as foreign minister in February 2019.[10] His resignation was rejected by Supreme Leader of Iran,Ali Khamenei, and he continued as foreign minister.
Zarif has held various significant diplomatic and cabinet posts. He is a visiting professor at theSchool of International Relations andUniversity of Tehran, teaching diplomacy and international organizations. He was thePermanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations from 2002 to 2007. He served as an advisor and senior advisor to the Foreign Minister, Deputy Foreign Minister in Legal and International affairs, member of the UN Eminent Persons Group onDialogue Among Civilizations, Head of the UN Disarmament Commission in New York, and Vice President for International Affairs of theIslamic Azad University.[11]
Zarif was born inTehran around 1960,[12][13] although other sources have given the year of birth as 1959[14] and 1961.[15] According toThe New Republic, Zarif was born to an "affluent, religiously devout and politically conservative merchant family in Tehran". His father was one of the most well-known businessmen ofIsfahan, and his mother Efat Kashani (d. 2013)[16] was the daughter of one of the most famous businessmen of Tehran. He was educated at theAlavi School, a private religious institution.[17]
Zarif was shielded from TV, radio, and newspapers by his parents as a youth. Instead, he became exposed to revolutionary ideas by reading the books ofAli Shariati andSamad Behrangi.[17]
At age 17, he left Iran for the United States. Zarif attendedDrew College Preparatory School, a private college-preparatory high school located inSan Francisco,California.[17] He went on to study atSan Francisco State University, from which he gained a B.A. in 1981 and M.A. in 1982, both ininternational relations.[18] Following this, Zarif continued his studies at theJosef Korbel School of International Studies,University of Denver, from which he obtained a second M.A. in international relations in 1984 and a Ph.D. in international law and policy in 1988.[19][20] His thesis was titled "Self-Defense in International Law and Policy."[21]
Tom Rowe, a professor at the graduate school who led the committee that oversaw Zarif's dissertation, said: "He was among the very best students that I've ever taught."[22] Ved Nanda, who taught and was on Zarif's dissertation committee, recalled: "[He was] good in the classroom. At that time ... I thought he'd play an important part in his country's life."[23]
In May 1982 – four years after theIranian Revolution – Zarif was appointed a member of the Iranian delegation to theUnited Nations largely due to his English-speaking ability and relationships in America, rather than formal diplomatic training.[17] As a junior diplomat Zarif was involved in negotiations to win the release of U.S. hostages held by pro-Iranian gunmen inLebanon, according to the memoirs of former United Nations envoyGiandomenico Picco. Even though the United States did not make a promised reciprocal goodwill gesture at the time, Zarif remained committed to improving ties.[24]
In 2000, Zarif served as chairman of the Asian preparatory meeting of theWorld Conference against Racism and as chairman of theUnited Nations Disarmament Commission. Zarif was also professor of international law at theUniversity of Tehran. He served as the vice president ofIslamic Azad University in charge of foreign affairs from 2010 to 2012 underAbdollah Jasbi.[25] He has served on the board of editors of a number of scholarly journals, including theIranian Journal of International Affairs andIranian Foreign Policy, and has written extensively on disarmament, human rights, international law, and regional conflicts.[26]
Zarif served as Iran's representative at the United Nations from 2002 to 2007.[18] He was closely linked with developing the so-called "Grand Bargain," a plan to resolve outstanding issues between the U.S. and Iran in 2003.[27] Zarif, during his time at the UN, held private meetings with a number of Washington politicians, including the then-SenatorsJoseph Biden andChuck Hagel.[27] He resigned from office on 6 July 2007.[28] He was succeeded byMohammad Khazaee in the post.[29]
In 2007, Zarif was a headline speaker at anAmerican Iranian Council conference inNew Brunswick, New Jersey including Chuck Hagel,Dennis Kucinich,Nicholas Kristof, andAnders Liden to discussIranian-American relations, and potential ways to increase dialogue and avoid conflict.[30]
On 23 July 2013, it was reported that Zarif wasRouhani's choice for minister of foreign affairs. This was not confirmed by the president-elect's office until 4 August when Rouhani officially nominated Zarif for the position to theIranian Parliament.[31] He was confirmed by the parliament with 232 votes, replacingAli Akbar Salehi in the position.[32]
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Zarif welcomed the first visit by a foreign leader to Iran since Rouhani assumed the presidency ten days after his approval as Foreign Minister with the arrival ofOman's sultan,Qaboos bin Said Al Said. Stories spread that there was a secret agenda to his meetings with Iranian officials, involving claims that he came to convey messages from the United States and then to relay Iran's response to White House officials.[33] On 5 September 2013, in an exchange prompted by hisRosh Hashanah greeting on Twitter, Zarif said that Iran does notdeny the Holocaust, distancing the government from the often belligerent stances by former PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad.[34] Genuineness of Zarif's tweeting in English was confirmed by CNN'sChristiane Amanpour.[35] On 27 September 2013, he met withUnited States Secretary of StateJohn Kerry duringP5+1 and Iran summit. It was the highest-level direct contact between the United States and Iran in the last six years.[36][37] After the meeting, Kerry said that "We had a constructive meeting, and I think all of us were pleased that Foreign Minister Zarif came and made a presentation to us, which was very different in tone and very different in the vision that he held out with respect to possibilities of the future."[38]
After the breakup of talks on 12 November, Zarif rejected Kerry's claim that Iran had been unable to accept the deal "at that particular moment". He said "no amount of spinning" could change what had happened in Geneva, but it could "further erode confidence". Zarif appeared to blame France for "gutting over half" of a US draft deal. Representatives from Iran and the so-called P5+1 – met again on 20 November.[39]
Talks between senior American, Iranian and European diplomats in October 2014 produced no breakthrough agreement on curbing Iran's nuclear program, but officials said they still aimed to reach a deal by the 24 November deadline. A senior State Department official characterized each step of progress in the talks as "chipping away" at complex, technical differences, with virtually every sentence requiring an appendix of further explanation. "We continue to make progress, but there is still a substantial amount of work to be done," said the official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the difficult and secretive negotiations.[40]
Zarif and Kerry conferred, ahead of a fresh round of negotiations between Iran and six world powers in Geneva, on settling their 12-year standoff over Tehran's nuclear ambitions. Lower-level negotiators on both sides met at the same venue on 15 January 2015 to iron out technical details ahead of negotiations 3 days later between Iran and the "P5+1" powers – the US, France, Germany, Russia, China and Britain. Speaking at a Tehran news conference, Zarif said the purpose of the talks with Kerry "is to see if we can speed up and push the negotiations forward".[41]
In February, Zarif said that Iran did not favor another extension of the talks on limiting its nuclear program and expected economic sanctions to be quickly lifted if an accord was reached. At a security conference in Munich, he said "Sanctions are a liability; you need to get rid of them if you want a solution." Of the long effort to forge an agreement, he said "This is the opportunity to do it, and we need to seize this opportunity. It may not be repeated." The nuclear talks have already been extended twice and face a late March deadline for working out the main outlines of an accord. The deadline for a detailed agreement is the end of June.[42]
Based on theIran nuclear deal framework, which was declared on 2 April, Iran agreed to accept significant restrictions on its nuclear program for at least a decade and submit to international inspections under a framework deal. In return, international sanctions would be lifted; whether in phases or all at once still needed to be worked out.
On 21 November, it was reported by Iranian negotiators that progress was being made in talks in Geneva with world powers, expressing hope to bridge differences and sign an elusive deal over Tehran's nuclear drive. In statements carried by Iranian media after a one-hour meeting with BaronessAshton, Zarif said "Differences of opinion remain and we are negotiating over them. God willing we will reach a result."[43] Three days later, theGeneva interim agreement, officially titled the Joint Plan of Action,[44] was signed betweenIran and theP5+1 countries inGeneva, Switzerland. It consisted of a short-term freeze of portions ofIran's nuclear program in exchange for decreasedeconomic sanctions on Iran, as the countries worked toward a long-term agreement.[8]
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On 29 April 2015, while appearing onThe Charlie Rose Show, Zarif was asked about the detention ofJason Rezaian, theWashington Post reporter held in Iran for the past nine months. He responded, "We do not jail people for their opinions[.]"[45]
Zarif condemned U.S. involvement in theSaudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, saying theUnited States should be held "accountable for crimes against humanity".[46]
On 11 February 2019, Zarif met withHezbollah leaderHassan Nasrallah in Beirut. Nasrallah thanked Zarif for Iran's support of Hezbollah's fight against 'Zionist aggression', and Zarif affirmed his country's "firm stance that supports Lebanon and its state, people and resistance".[47]
In an interview conducted by CBS News on 25 April 2019, Zarif said that he was the one who proposedIran's prisoner swap proposal to the U.S. government in October 2018, the proposal having been unanswered by the U.S. side up until that time. He added that the U.S. government must prove its seriousness before any negotiations.[48][49]Following imposition of U.S. sanctions on Iran's then Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, Secretary of State in Trump administration, Mike Pompeo, described him as "chief apologist" for Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.[50]
Zarif condemned the2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria viewing it as a violation of Syria's sovereignty.[51] However regarding theUS withdrawal from Syria Zarif commented saying the US was an "irrelevant occupier in Syria", and said that Iran would be willing to mediate tensions between Syria and Turkey.[52]
Zarif called thepeace agreement betweenIsrael and theUnited Arab Emirates a betrayal against Arab and non-Arab countries in the Middle East.[53]
Zarif defended Islamic Republic's moral policies at a joint press conference with German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas in 2019. When a reporter from German tabloid Bild asked: "Why are homosexuals executed in Iran because of their sexual orientation?" He responded: "Our society has moral principles. And we live according to these principles. That means that the law is respected and the law is obeyed." .[54]
Zarif stepped down from his post on 25 February 2019, announcing his resignation onInstagram. After greetings in honor of Iranian Women's and Mothers' day, he wrote
I am apologising [to] you (wholeheartedly) for my (inability to continue my service and any) shortcomings in the past years during my time as foreign minister... I thank the Iranian nation and officials.
Zarif did not elaborate or provide any further explanation.[55][56] An aide said that one of the reasons for Zarif's resignation was anger over his exclusion that day from meetings with Syrian presidentBashar al-Assad, who was visiting Tehran. Rouhani rejected Zarif's resignation two days later.Qasem Soleimani, the head of Iran'sQuds Force, also rejected Zarif's resignation, with Soleimani remarking that Zarif is the "main person in charge of foreign policy."[57]
In July 2019 the United States imposed sanctions on Zarif, and he was identified by the US as an "illegitimate spokesperson for Iran".[58][59] In response, a spokesman forEuropean Union diplomatic chiefFederica Mogherini stated, "We regret this decision."[60]
On 25 April 2021,The New York Times published content from a leaked audiotape of a three-hour taped conversation between economistSaeed Laylaz and Zarif. The taped conversation was connected to an oral history project, "In the Islamic Republic the military field rules," that documents the work of Iran's current administration.[61][62] The tape was obtained by the London-based news channelIran International.[63] In the tape, which theTimes refers to as "extraordinary" moments, Zarif criticizesQasem Soleimani, the commander of theQuds Force, and Iran's eliteIslamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)[64] and alleges that formerU.S. Secretary of StateJohn Kerry told him that Israel attacked Iranian assets in Syria "at least 200 times."[65][61][66][67][excessive citations] Although the tape has not been authenticated, the Iranian foreign ministry spokesman did not deny its validity.[64]
Zarif supported the candidacy of reformistMasoud Pezeshkian in the2024 Iranian presidential election. Following Pezeshkian's victory, Zarif was tasked creating the committees to select ministers for Pezeshkian’s cabinet. In August 2024, he was appointed by Pezeshkian as vice president in charge of strategic affairs. However, Zarif resigned shortly afterwards due to disagreements over the composition of Pezeshkian's cabinet, saying that the latter had failed to fulfill his promises to include more women, young people and ethnic groups.[68] But on August 27, Zarif announced his return to the post.[7] He resigned for a second time on March 2, 2025, the status of which is pending.[69]
| Ribbon | Distinction | Country | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Order of Merit and Management, 1st Class |  Iran | 8 February 2016 | Tehran | [76] |
 | Grand Cross of Order of the Condor of the Andes |  Bolivia | 26 August 2016 | La Paz | [77] |
 | Order of Friendship |  Kazakhstan | 10 September 2018 | Tehran | [78] |
Zarif is married and has a daughter who is an interior decorator and a son who is a marketing consultant, both of whom were born in the United States.[34][23] He met his wife in summer 1979 through his sister. They married in Iran but moved to New York within several weeks in the midst of the Iranian revolution.[17] In addition to his native Persian, he is also fluent in English.
Zarif gained domestic popularity in Iran.[79][80] His "Never threaten an Iranian!" remark, during the heated nuclear negotiations, gained attention from global news agencies.[81][82] According to a poll conducted byInformation and Public Opinion Solutions LLC (iPOS) in March 2016, Zarif was the most popular political figure in Iran with 76% approval and 7% disapproval ratings.[83]
On March 3, 2025, Zarif, announced his resignation following a prolonged legal dispute concerning his appointment. In a detailed post on X, Zarif expressed that over the past six months, he and his family have faced severe insults, slanders, and threats, marking it as the most challenging period in his 40-year political career. Critics contended that his appointment violated the Constitution, citing that his children, born in the U.S., are natural-born American citizens. Zarif, who served as Foreign Minister for eight years and played a pivotal role in the 2015 nuclear deal, mentioned that the judiciary chief advised him to return to academia to alleviate pressure on the government. He hopes his departure will remove obstacles to the people's will and the government's success.[84][85]
| Diplomatic posts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Hadi Nejad-Hosseinian | Ambassador to the United Nations 2002–2007 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chief Nuclear Negotiator of Iran 2013–2015 | Succeeded byas Head ofJoint Comprehensive Plan of Action Follow-up Commission |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by | Minister of Foreign Affairs 2013–2021 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
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