Backporting is the process ofporting asoftware update that was developed for a relatively currentversion of asoftware entity, to an older version of the software. It is amaintenance activity of thesoftware development process. Although a backported update can modify any aspect of the software, the technique is typically used for relatively small scope changes – such as fixing asoftware bug orsecurity vulnerability.
For example, v2 of an application had a vulnerability that was addressed by creating and publishing an update. The same vulnerability exists in v1 and the version is still in use. The modification that was originally applied to v2 is backported to v1; adapted to apply to v1.[1]
One aspect that affects the effort to backport a change is the degree to which the software has changed between versions; for aspects other than the backported change. Backporting can be relatively simple if only a few lines ofcode have changed, but complex for heavily modified code. As such,cost–benefit analysis analysis may be performed to determine whether a change should be backported.[2]
Backporting generally starts one of two ways. Sometimes, as a change is being developed for the latest code, the issue is known to apply to older versions and therefore, backporting is known to have value. If it's determined to be worthwhile, the change is backported. But, sometimes older versions are not considered when fixing an issue. Sometimes the backporting process starts when an issue is discovered or reported in an older version and then it's determined that the issue was fixed in a new version; making backporting an economical option as opposed to re-inventing a fix. After the existing change is backported, the development process is like for any change. The changed code isquality controlled to verify that it exhibits fixed behavior and maintains previous functionality. Then, it is distributed. Multiple modifications are commonly bundled into a singlesoftware update.[1]
As for any update, forclosed-source software, backport updates are produced and distributed by the owner of the software, but foropen-source software, anyone can produce and distribute a backported update.
A notable process is for theLinux kernel codebase. Backports are sometimes created byLinux distributors and laterupstreamed to the core codebase by submitting changes to the maintainer of the changed component.[2]
Many features ofWindows Vista were backported toWindows XP when Service Pack 3 was released for Windows XP, thereby facilitating compatibility of applications (mostly games) originally with Vista as a minimum requirement to run on XP SP3 as a minimum requirement instead.[3]
TheDebian Project since September 2010[4] has provided an official backporting service for someDebian Linux software packages, andUbuntu Linux also supports backports.[5]
In 2024, aYouTuber named MattKC backported.NET Framework versions 2.0 and 3.5 toWindows 95, which did not officially support the framework.[6][7]