Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Jasminocereus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of cacti

Jasminocereus
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Cactaceae
Subfamily:Cactoideae
Tribe:Echinocereeae
Genus:Jasminocereus
Britton &Rose[1]
Species:
J. thouarsii
Binomial name
Jasminocereus thouarsii
Synonyms[2]
  • Cereus thouarsiiF.A.C.Weber
  • Brachycereus thouarsii(F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose
  • Cereus galapagensisF.A.C.Weber
  • Jasminocereus galapagensis(F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose
  • Cereus sclerocarpusK.Schum.
  • Jasminocereus sclerocarpus(K.Schum.) Backeb.
  • Jasminocereus howelliiE.Y.Dawson

Jasminocereus (meaning "jasmine-like cereus", referring to theflowers) is agenus ofcacti with only one species,Jasminocereus thouarsii,endemic to theGalápagos Islands, territorially a part ofEcuador. In English it is often called thecandelabra cactus (a name used for other cacti with a similar appearance). At maturity it has a branched, treelike habit, and may be up to 7 m (23 ft) tall. The stems are made up of individual sections with constrictions between them. Its creamy white to greenish flowers open at night and are followed by greenish to reddish fruits.

Description

[edit]

Jasminocereus thouarsiii is a leafless treelike cactus growing to 7 m (23 ft) tall, with green or greenish yellow branching stems made up of individual sections 10–50 cm (4–20 in) long. The trunk and branches have 11–22 ribs. Theareoles have up to 35 spines, each up to 9 cm (3+12 in) long. The spines vary in colour from white through to black, darkening with age. The flowers, borne singly, open at night, and are up to6 cm (2+14 in) across, with many creamy white to yellow or olive greenpetals and numerousstamens. The fruit is aberry, greenish to reddish purple in colour, containing many black seeds. Three varieties are recognized by some sources; they are said to vary in height, flower texture and fruit colour, among other features.[3][2]

Varieties

[edit]

Three varieties are sometimes recognized:[3][2]

ImageNameDescriptionDistribution
Jasminocereus thouarsii var.thouarsiiHas flowers that are not waxy and green fruits.[3] It is usually under 4 m (13 ft) tall.[2]The islands of Floreana, Isabela, San Cristóbal and Santa Cruz.[4]
Jasminocereus thouarsii var.delicatus(E.Y.Dawson) E.F.Anderson & Walk.Has flowers that are not waxy and reddish purple fruits. This species is most likely to be seen by visitors to the Galápagos.[3]It is found on Santa Cruz and Santiago,[5]
Jasminocereus thouarsii var.sclerocarpus(Schum.) E.F.Anderson & Walk.Has waxy flowers and green fruits,[3] and the largest number of spines per areole.[2]It occurs only on Fernandina and Isabela.[6]

FollowingDavid Hunt et al. in 2006, theIUCN Red List does not recognize any varieties.[1]

  • Growth habit
    Growth habit
  • Stems
    Stems
  • Flower
    Flower
  • Fruit
    Fruit

Taxonomy

[edit]

The nomenclature of the genus and species is somewhat tangled.[2] In 1899,Frédéric Weber described two species,Cereus thouarsii andCereus galapagensis. His descriptions are brief and refer in part to information received from others; he also notes that neither the flowers nor the fruit ofCereus galapagensis were known. The specific epithetthouarsii refers toAbel Aubert du Petit-Thouars, who found both species some 30 years earlier when his ship visited the Galápagos.[7] In 1920,Nathaniel Lord Britton andJoseph Nelson Rose erected the genusBrachycereus,synonymizing both Weber'sCereus thouarsii and another cactus from the Galápagos,Cereus nesioticus, under the nameBrachycereus thouarsii.[2][8] They placed Weber'sCereus galapagensis in a separate new genus,Jasminocereus, asJasminocereus galapagensis.[2][9] In 1935,Curt Backeberg realized that onlyCereus nesioticus was theBrachycereus of Britton and Rose, and later placed Weber'sCereus thouarsii inJasminocereus. In 1971, Anderson and Walkington carried out fieldwork and studied herbarium material, and decided that Weber's two species were actually the juvenile and mature forms of the same species.[2] The earliest epithet for the species isthouarsii.

Additional species ofJasminocereus have been described, but they are now regarded as part of a single species, which may be divided into three varieties.[2][3]J. sclerocarpus is then a synonym ofJ. thouarsii var.sclerocarpus andJ. howellii ofJ. thouarsii var.delicatus.[2] Other sources do not recognize distinct varieties.[1]

Phylogeny and classification

[edit]

Molecular studies show that the two endemic Galápagos genera,Jasminocereus andBrachycereus, are sisters, with their closest relative being the South American mainland speciesArmatocereus:[10]

In one widely used classification of cacti,Armatocereus andJasminocereus are placed in the tribe Browningieae of the subfamilyCactoideae, andBrachycereus is placed in the tribe Trichocereeae,[11] which is inconsistent with the cladogram above. A classification produced in 2010 by Nyffeler and Eggli puts all three genera in a much larger tribe Phyllocacteae.[12]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Jasminocereus thouarsii isendemic to the Galápagos, where it is found onFernandina,Floreana,Isabela,San Cristóbal,Santa Cruz andSantiago, plus some islets,[3] includingBartolomé.[2] It is found in arid areas, from the coast up to about 300 m (980 ft) on the larger islands.[2]

Conservation

[edit]

Jasminocereus thouarsii was rated as "vulnerable" in theIUCN Red List of 2002, but this was downgraded to "least concern" in 2013. As with all plants and animals of the Galápagos, collecting or disturbingJ. thouarsii is strictly controlled by the Ecuadorian government; the complete range of the species lies within the Galápagos National Park and Natural World Heritage Site. Trade in the species is controlled underCITES Appendix II.[1]

Uses

[edit]

The fruits ofJasminocereus thouarsii (particularly var.delicatus for those who distinguish varieties) have been used to make a fruit juice described as "refreshing".[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeKling, M. & Tye, A. (2013),"Jasminocereus thouarsi",IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1,archived from the original on 2017-03-23, retrieved2017-03-22
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnAnderson, Edward F. (2001),The Cactus Family, Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press,ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5, p. 383
  3. ^abcdefghMcMullen, Conley K. (1999),Flowering Plants of the Galápagos, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press,ISBN 978-0-8014-8621-0, p. 323–324
  4. ^"Jasminocereus thouarsii var.thouarsii",Galapagos Species Checklist, Charles Darwin Foundation, retrieved2017-03-22
  5. ^"Jasminocereus thouarsii var.delicatus",Galapagos Species Checklist, Charles Darwin Foundation,archived from the original on 2017-03-23, retrieved2017-03-22
  6. ^"Jasminocereus thouarsii var.sclerocarpus",Galapagos Species Checklist, Charles Darwin Foundation,archived from the original on 2017-03-23, retrieved2017-03-22
  7. ^Weber, F. Albert C. (1899),"Les Cactées des îles Galapagos",Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (in French),5:309–314,archived from the original on 2022-10-09, retrieved2024-12-25
  8. ^Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. (1920),The Cactaceae : descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family, Vol. 2, vol. v.2, Washington: Carnegie Institution,archived from the original on 2022-12-26, retrieved2024-12-25, pp. 120–121
  9. ^Britton & Rose (1920), pp. 146–147
  10. ^Gosline, Terrence M. (2009), "Galápagos Islands, Biology", in Gillespie, Rosemary G. & Clague, David A. (eds.),Encyclopedia of Islands, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 357–367,ISBN 978-0-520-25649-1
  11. ^Anderson (2001), pp. 102–103
  12. ^Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010), "A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae",Schumannia,6:109–149,doi:10.5167/uzh-43285,S2CID 89650660

External links

[edit]
Jasminocereus
Jasminocereus thouarsii
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jasminocereus&oldid=1265156325"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp