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Jarawa language (Nigeria)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bantu language spoken in Nigeria
Not to be confused withJarawa language (Andaman Islands).
Jarawa
RegionnorthernNigeria, nearBauchi
Native speakers
250,000 (dialects with ISO codes) (2006–2011)[1]
Dialects
  • Zhár (Bankal)
  • Zugur (Duguri)
  • Gwak (Gingwak)
  • Ndaŋshi
  • Dòòrì
  • Mbat (Bada)
  • Mùùn
  • Kantana
  • Dàmùl
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
jjr – Zhár (Bankal)
dbm – Zugur (Duguri)
bau – Mbat (Bada)
jgk – Gwak (Gingwak)
Glottologjara1263

Jarawa (also known as Jhar, or inHausa:Jaranci) is the most populous of theJarawan languages of northernNigeria. It is a dialect cluster consisting of many varieties.

Phonology

[edit]
Consonants in the Mbat dialect[2]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptk(ʔ)
voicedbdɡ
implosiveɓɗ
Affricatevoicelessk͡x
voicedd͡ʒɡ͡ɣ
Fricativevoicelessfsʃ(x)
voiced(β)z(ɣ)
Nasalmnɲŋ
Rhoticr
Approximantwlj
  • /β/ only appears as a marginal phoneme.
  • [ʔ] only appears in non-word-initial syllables.
  • Sounds /n, t, l, r/ can be heard as palatal or retroflex [ɲ, ʈ, ɭ, ɽ] in word-final position. /k/ can also be heard as uvular [q] in the same position, and may also alternate with [ʁ] or [ɢ].
  • Sounds /k͡x, ɡ͡ɣ/ can be heard as fricatives [x, ɣ] or [χ, ʁ] in intervocalic position.
Vowels in the Mbat dialect[2]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Near-closeɪʊ
Mid(ɛ)ə(ɔ)
Opena
  • Sounds /ɛ, ɔ/ only appear after glides.

Dialects

[edit]

Jarawa dialects are:

  • Zhár (Bankal)
  • Zugur (Duguri)
  • Gwak (Gingwak)
  • Ndaŋshi
  • Dòòrì
  • Mbat (Bada)
  • Mùùn
  • Kantana
  • Dàmùl

Kantana may be a distinct language.

Blench (2019) lists these varieties as dialects of Jar (Jarawa).[3]

  • Zhar
  • Ligri
  • Kantana
  • Bobar (?)
  • Gwak (Gingwak)
  • Dõõri
  • Mbat
  • Mbat-Galamkya

References

[edit]
  1. ^Zhár (Bankal) atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Zugur (Duguri) atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Mbat (Bada) atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Gwak (Gingwak) atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^abGreen, Christopher R. (2020)."Harmony and disharmony in Mbat (Jarawan Bantu) verbs".Linguistique et Langues Africaines.6:43–72.doi:10.4000/lla.289.
  3. ^Blench, Roger (2019).An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
Official languages
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Sign languages
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