| Pinus densiflora | |
|---|---|
T.Wang_ex_Cheng.JPG) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | Pinus |
| Subgenus: | P. subg.Pinus |
| Section: | P.sect. Pinus |
| Subsection: | P.subsect. Pinus |
| Species: | P. densiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Pinus densiflora | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Pinus densiflora, also called theJapanese red pine,[3] theJapanese pine,[4] orKorean red pine,[5] is a species of pine tree native toEast Asia andSiberia. In China, the plant is known as 赤松 (pinyin: chì sōng, literally "red pine").
P. densiflora has a home range that includesJapan, theKorean Peninsula, northeasternChina (Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Shandong and northeasternJiangsu) and the extreme southeast ofRussia (inSiberia, southernPrimorsky Krai).
Theleaves are needle-like, 8–12 centimetres (3–4+1⁄2 inches) long, with two per fascicle. The short leaves are 5–6 cm. There arestomatal lines on both sides of the leaf, twovascular bundles, about three to nineresin canals, and fine serrations on the edge of the leaf. Branchlets with more or less white powder. Male cones are light reddish yellow, clustered in the lower part of new branches, female cones are light reddish purple, solitary or clustered in two to three clusters. The cones are dark brown yellow or light brown yellow when mature, they dehiscent at maturity, seed scales usually thin, seed winged. The bark is orange-red, cracked into irregular scale-like pieces. Heartwood reddish brown, sapwood light reddish yellow. The height of the tree is 20–35 metres (66–115 feet). The crown can reach 30 metres (98 feet).[6][7][8]
"The distribution ofP. densiflora in China has the following pattern of variation: the more northward it is distributed, the needles are relatively shorter, the white powder on the branchlets is sometimes less obvious or partly obvious, and the color of the cones is lighter. It is light brown yellow".[6]
Thecones are4–7 cm (1+1⁄2–3 in) long. It is closely related toScots pine, differing in the longer, slenderer leaves which are mid-green without the glaucous-blue tone of Scots pine. This pine has become a popular ornamental and has several cultivars, but in the winter it becomes yellowish. The plant prefers full sun on well-drained, slightlyacidic soil.
Strong wind resistance,P. densiflora is an excellent tree species for afforestation in stony mountains, barren soil and sandy land. The timber can be used for construction, electric poles, sleepers, ore pillars, furniture, and wood fiber industrial raw materials. The trunk is rich inresin, from whichrosin andturpentine can be extracted.Essential oil can be extracted from the leaves. In northeast China,matsutake relies onP. densiflora for growth. "Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve/Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve" takesMatsutake,P. densiflora andecosystem as the main protection objects.P. densiflora wood has natural anti-corrosion and anti-mildew properties, and natural preservatives and natural wood anti-mold agents can be extracted.P. densiflora has non-stinging needles and soft branches, making it easy to shape as apenjing.[6][8]
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